沈阳地区人群TCF7L2基因rs7903146-T/C多态性与2型糖尿病的相关性

目的 探讨沈阳地区汉族人群TCF7L2基因rs7903146多态性与2型糖尿病的相关性.方法 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术(PCR-RFLP),对203例正常个体和202例2型糖尿病患者TCF7L2基因rs7903146多态位点进行检测.结果 rs7903146的等位基因T在对照组与病例组的频率分别为2.96％和7.18％,两者之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 沈阳地区汉族人群TCF7L2基因rs7903146位点的多态性与2型糖尿病可能具有相关性.     

中国汉族人脂联素基因rs2241766及rs1501299多态性与2型糖尿病及代谢指标的关系

目的在中国汉族人群中,观察脂联素基因rs2241766(T>G)和rs1501299(G>T)多态性与2型糖尿病及胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法使用聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性(PCR-SSCP)银染技术结合基因直接测序法,对糖耐量正常(NGT)者150例及2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者285例,进行基因的检测及代谢指标的观察。结果 rs2241766 TT、TG、GG基因型和rs1501299 GG、GT、TT基因型,在T2DM组及NGT组中的分布存在显著差异。rs2241766 G(TG+GG)等位基因携带者患T2DM的风险增加2倍,而rs1501299 TT携带者患T2DM的风险下降;偏相关分析显示,rs2241766 G(TG+GG)等位基因与HOMAIR呈现正相关,rs1501299 TT基因型与HOMAIR呈现负相关;rs2241766 G携带者以及rs1501299 TT携带者的体质量指数(BMI)、腰臀部(WHR)、体脂百分比(%body fat)显著升高。结论 rs2241766 G是中国汉族人T2DM的危险因素,而rs1501299 TT则是保护因素。     

转录因子7类似物2基因多态性与新疆维吾尔族人群2型糖尿病的相关性

目的:探讨新疆地区维吾尔族人群转录因子7类似物2(TCF7L2)基因多态性与2型糖尿病的关系。方法:采用病例-对照研究设计,以经确诊的939例2型糖尿病患者作为病例组,选取931例健康个体作为对照组。收集研究对象血液标本5 m L,提取基因组DNA。应用基质辅助激光解吸附电离飞行时间质谱分析质谱技术(MALDI-TOF)进行多态性检测。结果:TCF7L2基因rs7901695位点基因型及等位基因频率分布在病例组、对照组中比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);rs7094463位点基因型及等位基因频率分布在两组中比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:TCF7L2基因rs7901695多态性位点可能与新疆维吾尔族人群2型糖尿病具有相关性,而rs7094463多态性位点可能与新疆维吾尔族人群2型糖尿病无相关性。     

RBP4与FOXO1基因单核苷酸多态性与2型糖尿病的相关性研究

目的 探讨视黄醛结合蛋白(RBP4)基因、叉头框因子-1(FOXO1)基因单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)在中国汉族人群中的频率分布及其与2型糖尿病(T2DM)的相关性.方法 采用TaqMan探针基因分型技术结合琼脂糖凝胶电泳技术,检测384例T2DM患者和384例健康者RBP4、FOXO1共10个SNP位点的基因型及等位基因频率分布,同时测定其空腹血糖(FBG)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)水平.结果 T2DM组RBP4-803,G>A;+5169,C>T;+6969,G>C 3个SNP位点的基因型频率和等位基因频率分布与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).经logistic回归分析,各位点均未发现与T2DM有关的基因型.单倍体表型分析也未发现与T2DM有关的单倍型.FOXO1的7个SNP位点检测结果显示,rs7324943 G/T的等位基因频率与基因型频宰在T2DM组和对照组间差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=4.02,P=0.044).分层分析显示,在年龄40岁和非高血压的人群中,GT基因型患T2DM的风险较GG纯合子高[比值比(OR)分别为1.47,1.80].T等位基因携带者患T2DM的风险较非T等位基因携带者高(OR分别为1.42,1.79).两组间rs17592236 C/T的等位基因频率和基因型频率(χ~2=0.39,P=0.401),差异均无统计学意义,但分层分析发现,在年龄≤40岁的人群中,CT与TT基因型患T2DM风险较CC纯合子高(OR分别为6.33,10.15),T等位基因携带者患T2DM风险较非T等位基因携带者高(OR=7.11).单倍体表型分析结果显示,单倍型CT可使T2DM患病风险下降约28%.结论 中国汉族人群RBP4-803,G>A;+5169,C>T;+6969,G>C的3个SNP位点与T2DM发病风险无关.FOXO1的rs7324943 G/T、rs17592236 C/T和单倍型CT与中国汉族人群T2DM发病风险有关,但其作用机制需深入研究.     

2型糖尿病遗传易感性与CAPN-10基因多态性的相关性研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)遗传易感性与CAPN-10基因多态性的关系。方法采用限制性片段长度多态性聚合酶链反应(PCR-RFLP)技术对100例T2DM患者(病例组)和100例健康者(对照组)CAPN-10基因SNP19(rs3842570)、SNP43(rs3792267)和SNP63(rs5030952)多态性位点进行基因分型。结果病例组CAPN-10基因43位点的GG基因型频率和G等位基因频率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);19位点和63位点的基因型频率、等位基因频率在病例组与对照组分布差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 CAPN-10基因SNP43(rs3842570)位点与T2DM的发生有相关性,而SNP19(rs3842570)和SNP63(rs5030952)位点则与T2DM的发生无相关性。     

武汉地区汉族T2DM患者PPARγ2基因多态性与高脂血症易感性的相关性研究

目的 探讨武汉地区汉族2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ2(PPARγ2)基因多态性与该类人群发生高脂血症的关系。方法 选取2018年1月至2019年6月在武汉市第三医院行PPARγ2基因rs1801282位点基因多态性检测且无血缘关系的122例汉族T2DM患者为研究对象,收集患者的临床资料[年龄、性别、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、尿酸、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)]。根据是否并发高脂血症将患者分为两组,其中57例T2DM并发高脂血症患者作为研究组,65例T2DM患者作为对照组。采用荧光染色原位杂交技术检测PPARγ2基因rs1801282位点基因多态性。分析T2DM患者相关基因型分布特征,比较两组一般资料、PPARγ2基因rs1801282位点基因型及不同PPARγ2基因rs1801282位点基因型T2DM患者血脂水平。采用Logistic回归模型分析T2DM并发高脂血症的危险因素。结果 122例T2DM患者PPARγ2基因rs1801282位点基因型中,野生型CC 10...     

甘肃积石山县保安族人群MTNR1B基因rs10830963位点多态性与2型糖尿病关联性分析

目的：探讨褪黑素受体基因1B(melatonin receptor 1B,MTNR1B)rs10830963位点基因多态性与甘肃保安族人群2型糖尿病(T2DM)易感性的关系。方法采用病例对照研究方法,应用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱技术(MALDI-TOF MS),检测保安族 T2DM 患者 MTNR1B 基因 rs10830963位点的基因型和等位基因的分布。结果 MTNR1B 基因 rs10830963位点多态性在 T2DM 组和对照组之间差异无统计学意义,G 等位基因的分布频率在两组中大致相同,分别为42.0%,38.6%(χ2=1.350,P >0.05)。结论 MTNR1B 基因 rs10830963位点可能不是甘肃保安族人群 T2DM 的易感基因。     

葡萄糖激酶基因4个标签单核苷酸多态性位点与2型糖尿病的相关性研究

目的探讨葡萄糖激酶(GCK)基因4个标签单核苷酸多态性(tagSNPs)位点rs12702070、rs2268569、rs2268573、rs1476891与2型糖尿病(T2D)的关系。方法选取中山大学附属中山医院住院的中国南方汉族T2D患者499例(T2D组),同时选择汉族健康人499例作为对照组,对GCK基因的4个tagSNPs位点进行基因分型并检测样本代表性。比较T2D组和对照组基因型和等位基因频率的差异,并在3种遗传模型下对各SNP位点进行相关性分析。构建GCK基因4个tagSNPs位点的单体型,分析是否存在连锁不平衡(LD)及不同的GCK单体型与T2D易感性的关系。结果 rs2268573、rs2268569、rs1476891的基因型和等位基因频率在T2D组和对照组之间差异均无统计学意义。rs12702070的基因型和等位基因分布在D2M组和对照组之间差异有统计学意义,且在显性遗传模式下以及在加性遗传模式下其基因型分布在两组之间差异有统计学意义。GCK基因4个位点中rs2268569、rs12702070和rs1476891有1个LD域,其中共存四种主要单体型,均与个体患T2D的风险无相关性。结论在汉族人群中,GCK基因区域的rs12702070位点与糖尿病遗传易感性密切相关,而rs2268573、rs2268569、rs1476891位点与糖尿病遗传易感性无明确相关性。rs2268569、rs12702070、rs1476891LD域四种主要单体型均与个体患T2D的风险无相关性。     

Cnb1基因多态性与2型糖尿病相关性研究

目的:研究Cnb1基因的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)在上海地区人群2型糖尿病(2-DM)患者和正常对照组人群中的基因型频率、等位基因频率分布及其与2-DM的相关性。方法:选取上海地区无亲缘关系的2-DM患者447例及正常对照440名。用稳态模式胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-R)及胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)估测外周组织胰岛素敏感度及胰岛β细胞功能。采用等位基因专一性实时PCR技术,对2-DM患者及正常对照组人群Cnb1基因的5个SNP位点rs12329083、rs12465425、rs13029910、rs2861814及rs11692815进行基因分型;并进行统计学分析,研究这些位点与2-DM的相关性。结果:rs13029910的CC基因型频率在2-DM患者组中的含量较对照组显著升高(2.7%比0.7%,P=0.021),CC基因型个体2-DM发病风险增高,Logistic回归分析显示,其OR值(比值比)为4.266(P=0.035)。rs12329083(A/T)、rs12465425(G/T)、rs2861814(C/T)及rs11692815(A/G)位点的基因型频率、等位基因频率在2-DM组与正常对照组中的分布差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:Cnb1基因可能与上海地区人群2-DM的遗传易感性有关,其中rs13029910多态性位点的基因型CC与2-DM发病风险增高相关。     

广州地区2型糖尿病人群脂联素SNP+45基因型与胰岛素抵抗水平的研究

目的:探讨广州地区2型糖尿病人群与健康对照组人群脂联素+45(SNP+45)住点不同基因型组之间胰岛素抵抗水平的变化及意义.方法:分别测定广州地区已知SNP+45位点基因型的2型糖尿病人群和健康对照组人群的腰臀比(WHR)、体质指数(BMI)、体脂分布(BF)、空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FIN),并计算胰岛素抵抗指数(IRI).结果:(1)2型糖尿病人群和健康对照人群各个组内SNP+45位点的TT基因型组与GG+TG基因型组之间的WHR、BMI、BF、FBG和IRI比较,差异没有统计学意义.(2)2型糖尿病人群SNP+45位点TT、GG+TG基因型组与健康对照人群SNP+45位点TT、GG+TG基因型组之间的WHR、BMI、BF、FBG和IRI有统计学意义上的差异.结论:脂联素SNP+45位点与2型糖尿病的发生有关;在2型糖尿病的发生发展过程中,胰岛素抵抗起到重要的作用.     

Atomic and electronic structure of solids of Ge2Br2PN,Ge2I2PN,Sn2Cl2PN,Sn2Br2PN and Sn2I2PN inorganic double helices: a first principles study

We report the results of density functional theory calculations on the atomic and electronic structure of solids formed by assembling A₂B₂PN (A = Ge and Sn, B = Cl, Br, and I) inorganic double helices. The calculations have been performed using a generalized gradient approximation for the exchange–correlation functional and including van der Waals interactions. Our results show that the double helices crystallize in a monoclinic lattice with van der Waals type weak interactions between the double helices. In all cases except Ge₂Cl₂PN, the solids are stable with a binding energy between the double helices ranging from 0.06 eV per atom to 0.09 eV per atom and inter-double helices separation of more than 3.33 Å. All the solids are semiconducting. Further calculations have been done by using meta-GGA with a modified Becke–Johnson functional to obtain better band gaps, which are found to lie in the range of 0.91 eV to 1.49 eV. In the case of Ge₂Br₂PN the solid is a direct band gap semiconductor although the isolated double helix has an indirect band gap and it is suggested to be interesting for photovoltaic, and other optoelectronic applications. The charge transfer between the atoms has been studied using Bader charge analysis and the DDEC6 method in the CHARGEMOL program, which suggests charge transfer from the outer helix to the inner helix.

We report the results of density functional theory calculations on the atomic and electronic structure of solids formed by assembling A₂B₂PN (A = Ge and Sn, B = Cl, Br, and I) inorganic double helices.     

Shape-dependent close-edge 2D-MoS2 nanobelts

Atomic-thin MoS₂ materials have attracted increasing attention due to their potentials in numerous fields. However, in 2D-MoS₂ sheets, the edge region usually has unique features differing from the interior region, which has potential application in enhancing catalysts and shape-dependent 2D-nanodevices. However, fabricating it cost-effectively is still very difficult. Here, we present one universal method to obtain various shape-dependent closed-edge 2D-MoS₂ nanobelts only using one simple step, and width of the MoS₂ nanobelts (minimum of 270 nm) were adjustable. Our strategy opens a new fabrication route for closed-edge 2D-MoS₂ nanobelts, and in principle, this method is also suitable for other CVD-grown 2D materials.

A very simple mechanical peeling method to obtain various closed and shape-dependent MoS₂ edge nanobelt.     

Efficient and stable transduction of dopaminergic neurons in rat substantia nigra by rAAV 2/1, 2/2, 2/5, 2/6.2, 2/7, 2/8 and 2/9

Dysfunction of the nigrostriatal system is the major cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). This brain region is therefore an important target for gene delivery aiming at disease modeling and gene therapy. Recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors have been developed as efficient vehicles for gene transfer into the central nervous system. Recently, several serotypes have been described, with varying tropism for brain transduction. In light of the further development of a viral vector-mediated rat model for PD, we performed a comprehensive comparison of the transduction and tropism for dopaminergic neurons (DNs) in the adult Wistar rat substantia nigra (SN) of seven rAAV vector serotypes (rAAV 2/1, 2/2, 2/5, 2/6.2, 2/7, 2/8 and 2/9). All vectors were normalized by titer and volume, and stereotactically injected into the SN. Gene expression was assessed non-invasively and quantitatively in vivo by bioluminescence imaging at 2 and 5 weeks after injection, and was found to be stable over time. Immunohistochemistry at 6 weeks following injection revealed the most widespread enhanced green fluorescence protein expression and the highest number of positive nigral cells using rAAV 2/7, 2/9 and 2/1. The area transduced by rAAV 2/8 was smaller, but nevertheless almost equal numbers of nigral cells were targeted. Detailed confocal analysis revealed that serotype 2/7, 2/9, 2/1 and 2/8 transduced at least 70% of the DNs. In conclusion, these results show that various rAAV serotypes efficiently transduce nigral DNs, but significant differences in transgene expression pattern and level were observed.     

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) immunotherapy

Various forms of immunotherapy have been employed for the treatment of cancer patients during the past 5 years, with recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) having been widely used in these treatment regimes. The progress of IL-2 immunotherapy is discussed.     

乳腺癌环氧合酶-2和基质金属蛋白酶-2及其抑制因子的表达

目的 研究环氧合酶(COX)-2、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2及其抑制因子(TIMP-2)在乳腺癌组织中的蛋白表达及其相互关系.方法 建立组织芯片平台,应用免疫组织化学S-P法检测127例乳腺癌组织COX-2、MMP-2和TIMP-2蛋白的表达情况.结果 乳腺癌COX-2、MMP-2和TIMP-2阳性率分别为81.1%(103/127)、96.9%(123/127)和60.6%(77/127);COX-2的表达与乳腺癌腋淋巴结转移和TNM分期均呈正相关(P<0.01,P<0.05),与孕激素受体表达呈负相关(P<0.05);MMP-2蛋白表达与COX-2表达呈显著正相关(r=0.290,P<0.01).结论 乳腺癌COX-2表达状况与肿瘤侵袭转移有密切关系,COX-2可能通过调控MMP-2表达来促进肿瘤侵袭转移.