下颌阻生第三磨牙与下颌管重叠时的三维位置关系与拔除方法研究

目的 探讨曲面体层X线片示下颌阻生第三磨牙根尖部与下颌管重叠时的三维位置关系分类,以指导临床采用恰当方法拔出下颌阻生第三磨牙.方法 选取在曲面体层X线片上牙根与下颌管有重叠的57颗下颌阻生第三磨牙,行锥形束CT(cone beam computed tomography,CBCT)检查,了解两者间的三维位置关系,拟定安全的拔除手术方案.结果 55例患者的57颗患牙的CBCT影像中,22颗患牙牙根(38.6％)突破下颌管壁位于下颌管内;30颗患牙(52.6％)的牙根位于下颌管的舌侧,未与下颌管发生接触;4颗患牙(7.0％)的牙根位于下颌管的颊侧,未与下颌管发生接触;1颗患牙(1.8％)的双根跨于下颌管间.57颗患牙均顺利完成拔牙手术,1例患者(1.8％)出现短暂的下唇麻木于术后1个月后恢复.结论 曲面体层X线片上下颌阻生第三磨牙根尖部与下颌管重叠的病例中,下颌第三磨牙的根尖多位于下颌管的舌侧或位于下齿槽神经管内,CBCT检查对拟定正确安全的拔除术式和降低下齿槽神经损伤发生率具有重要的意义.     

以下颌神经管为参照的下颌阻生第三磨牙的分类及临床意义

目的：以下颌神经管为参照,探讨与下颌神经管(inferior alveolar canal,IAC)相交的下颌阻生第三磨牙(impacted mandibular third molars,IMTMs)的阻生类型,并观察手术拔除阻生牙后下牙槽神经损伤与阻生类型间的关系。方法：对锥形束CT(cone beam computed tomography,CBCT)确诊为下颌阻生第三磨牙与下颌神经管接触或相交的378例患者共658侧阻生牙,以下颌神经管为参照,将阻生牙分为4类：Ⅰ类位于神经管的上方,Ⅱ类位于神经管的颊侧,Ⅲ类位于神经管的舌侧,Ⅳ类下颌神经管位于牙根之间。所有病例均采用手术拔除,术后观察容易引起下牙槽神经损伤的阻生类型,统计各种类型神经损伤的例数,应用SPSS13.0软件包对数据进行χ²检验。结果：阻生牙拔除后,下牙槽神经损伤率为6.8%(45/658)。其中,第Ⅰ类15例(15/332)发生下唇麻木、第Ⅱ类19例 (19/108) 发生下唇麻木、第Ⅲ类11例(11/210)发生下唇麻木,第IV类未发生下唇麻木(0/8)。统计学分析显示,阻生牙拔除后,第Ⅰ类和第Ⅱ类、第Ⅱ类和第Ⅲ类下牙槽神经损伤率有显著差异(P<0.01),第Ⅰ类和第Ⅲ类之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论：以下颌神经管为参照,CBCT冠状位可将下颌阻生第三磨牙与下颌神经管相交的患者分为4类,手术拔除过程中均有损伤下牙槽神经的危险,尤其是位于下颌神经管颊侧的阻生牙。     

锥形束CT在下颌阻生智齿拔除中的应用

目的:探讨锥形束CT及三维重建技术在下颌阻生智齿微创拔牙中的参考价值。方法 :在下颌阻生智齿(impacted mandibular third molar,IMTM)拔除术前拍曲面断层X线片检查,筛选出IMTM与下牙槽神经管接触或部分影像重叠的49例(50颗牙)行锥形束CT(cone beam computed tomography,CBCT)检查,了解牙根与下牙槽神经管及神经的关系。49例采用外科专用高速涡轮牙钻及微创拔牙技术行IMTM拔除术。结果:锥形束CT对IMTM拔除在阻力分析、合理去除骨组织、保护邻牙及防止下牙槽神经损伤方面具有明显的参考意义。结论:锥形束CT在IMTM微创拔牙中有较好的参考价值。     

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目的：探讨锥形束CT（ cone beam CT,CBCT）在下颌阻生第三磨牙（ impacted mandibular third molar,IMTM）拔除术前设计中的应用价值。方法选择2012年9月至2013年3月在沈阳医学院附属中心医院口腔科门诊就诊,根尖片或曲面平展片检查显示下颌管（MC）与IMTM根尖相邻或相重叠的病例55例（60颗牙）,行CBCT检查,根据CBCT所提供的影像资料,判断IMTM周围组织情况,采用涡轮钻分牙拔除IMTM。结果55例患者均未出现下牙槽神经损伤情况。结论 CBCT较传统影像学检查方法成像更清晰,定位更准确,尤其有利于颊舌向位置关系的显示。对于中低位的IMTM应行CBCT检查以避免拔牙过程中损伤相邻组织结构。     

微种植钉牵引水平阻生下颌第三磨牙后拔除1例

水平低位阻生下颌第三磨牙常与下牙槽神经毗邻,直接拔除创伤较大,易出现各种并发症,最严重的就是下牙槽神经损伤.该文报告1例接触下颌神经管的低位水平阻生第三磨牙通过微种植钉牵引,使其远离下颌神经管后顺利拔除.     

冠根分次去除法在疑或累及下牙槽神经的下颌第三阻生磨牙拔除术中的应用

目的:评价应用截冠法分次拔除紧贴下牙槽神经的下颌阻生第三磨牙的效果。方法:对10例术前全景片及CT均显示牙根紧贴或接触下牙槽神经的下颌阻生第三磨牙患者采用截冠留根法,于釉-牙骨质界去除阻力牙冠,包埋牙根于牙槽骨内;术后观察,待牙根移动远离下牙槽神经后再行拔除术。结果:10例患者术后反应轻微,均无下牙槽神经损伤,无感染情况出现;仅1例牙根未能上移至远离下牙槽神经的位置,留根于牙槽骨内,牙龈创面愈合,随访1年无不适。结论:根尖紧贴或接触下牙槽神经的下颌阻生第三磨牙,经截冠留根术后,断根有上移萌出趋势,可远离下牙槽神经管,后期拔除断根,可明显降低下牙槽神经损伤的风险。     

锥形束CT在下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除术前设计中的应用

目的 探讨锥形束CT（ cone beam CT,CBCT）在下颌阻生第三磨牙（ impacted mandibular third molar,IMTM）拔除术前设计中的应用价值。方法 选择2012年9月至2013年3月在沈阳医学院附属中心医院口腔科门诊就诊,根尖片或曲面平展片检查显示下颌管（MC）与IMTM根尖相邻或相重叠的病例55例（60颗牙）,行CBCT检查,根据CBCT所提供的影像资料,判断IMTM周围组织情况,采用涡轮钻分牙拔除IMTM。结果 55例患者均未出现下牙槽神经损伤情况。结论 CBCT较传统影像学检查方法成像更清晰,定位更准确,尤其有利于颊舌向位置关系的显示。对于中低位的IMTM应行CBCT检查以避免拔牙过程中损伤相邻组织结构。     

智齿冠切除术的手术方法及常见并发症

当下颌阻生第三磨牙拔除术引发下牙槽神经损伤的风险较高时,下颌阻生第三磨牙冠切除术（coronectomy）就成为一种降低风险的手术方式。许多文章都认为冠切除术可以显著降低下牙槽神经损伤的风险,且并发症的发病率亦较低。本文总结概述了冠切除术的手术方法,常见的并发症及处理方法。     

正畸牵引法辅助拔除接触下牙槽神经管的埋伏阻生牙1例报告

阻生下颌第三磨牙拔除是口腔颌面外科的一种常见手术.由于低位阻生的下颌第三磨牙牙根位置常与下牙槽神经(inferior alveolar nerve,IAN)关系密切,神经损伤是该手术的严重并发症之一.目前,国际上主要有3种避免IAN损伤的方法:截冠法、部分牙冠切除术和正畸牵引法.本文报告1例下颌第三磨牙近中斜位低位阻生的患者,采用改良正畸牵引法,分两步将牙根牵离神经管,牵引完成后顺利拔除患牙.     

236颗下颌阻生第三磨牙锥形束CT影像的观察分析

[摘要] 目的 探讨锥形束CT(CBCT)三维重建技术用于分析阻生下颌第三磨牙的应用。方法 对下颌阻生第三磨牙的136例(236颗牙)患者CBCT影像资料利用NNT图像分析软件通过容积再现、多层面重建和曲面重建等技术对第三磨牙阻生情况进行分类统计。结果 236颗阻生下颌第三磨牙:高位垂直阻生最多(102颗),占43.22%,颊向阻生最少(1颗);15.68%与下颌神经管接触;与邻牙间隙>0、=0和<0分别为115、75和46颗;26.69%邻牙有龋坏;42.80%造成邻牙远中牙槽骨吸收。结论 CBCT扫描技术和分析软件的应用可提供下颌阻生第三磨牙位置的准确数据,为拔除手术方案的制定提供客观依据。     

Evidence of the validity of a model of determinants of quality of restorative dental care

A model describing the relationship between self-reported quality of restorative dentistry and dentist characteristics for 119 Montana general dentists is presented. The best predictors formed a significant model explaining 22% of the variance of the quality measure. Results are contrasted with a previous estimation of the model for 102 Washington general practitioners. Evidence for the external validity of the model is presented.     

Experimental evidence of formation of imines in the course of reduction of hydrazones

The reduction of hydrazones is generally suggested to proceed through a reductive cleavage of the nitrogen–nitrogen bond followed by a reduction of the carbon–nitrogen bond. This sequence of reduction processes is here supported for fluorenone (V) and benzophenone (VI) hydrazones as well as by a comparison of the reduction of fluorenone and benzophenone hydrazonium ions (I,III) with corresponding imines (II,IV). Another proof of the presence of imines as intermediates is the splitting of four-electron waves of hydrazones V and VI and hydrazonium ions I and VIII into two waves at pH < 2. This has been interpreted as due to differences in slopes dE_1/2/dpH and pK_a-values of protonated hydrazine derivatives on one side and corresponding imines on the other. In this pH-range imines formed in reductions of VI and VIII are reduced in a single two-electron wave, those of I and V in two one-electron steps. Fluorenone imine (II) is sufficiently stable to allow recording of time-independent current–voltage curves between pH 6 and 11. In this pH-range the imine (II) is reduced in two one-electron steps. Benzophenone imine (IV) has been found stable between pH 4.6 and 12. At pH 4.6–8 the reduction of the imine IV takes place in a single two-electron step, at pH 8–12 in two one-electron steps. Final proof of the initial cleavage of the N–N bond is presented by comparison with the reduction of nitrones.     

不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀溶解性比较研究

目的:研究、比较不同剂型玻璃离子水门汀的溶解性和表面微观形态改变,为临床使用提供依据.方法:将3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)及GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)分别在人工唾液中浸泡30 d,冷热循环15000次,烘干测重,比较前后质量变化,计算溶解率,并用扫描电镜观察表面微观改变.结果:不同剂型的玻璃离子水门汀溶解率由高到低分别为3M树脂加强型玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(水粉剂型)、GC玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型).3种玻璃离子水门汀经浸泡溶解后,SEM扫描表面微观形态可观察到GE玻璃离子水门汀(双糊剂型)表面形态改变较少,其他2组玻璃离子水门汀表面微观改变较多.结论:双糊剂型玻璃离子水门汀理化性能及溶解率均低于传统水粉剂型,是未来临床修复治疗的的良好选择.     

Evaluation of efficacy of chemiluminescence for diagnosis of leukoplakia

ObjectiveLeukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant disorder preceding oral cancer. Chemiluminescence has been developed as an adjunct to conventional examination for the diagnosis of these potentially malignant disorders. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of chemiluminescence in the diagnosis of leukoplakia and to compare the results with histopathological examination.Study designA total of 50 patients with leukoplakia were included from the outpatients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dental Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. These patients were subjected to conventional oral examination followed by chemiluminescent examination with Vizilite (Zila, Fort Collins, CO, USA) and biopsy for histopathological confirmation.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of chemiluminescence were 93.75%, 55.56%, 78.95%, and 83.3%, respectively. The overall accuracy of chemiluminescence was 80%. A statistically significant association was observed between histopathology results and chemiluminescence results.ConclusionAlthough it is an easy, safe, minimal time consuming, and noninvasive technique, it has only adjunctive utility and it does not replace biopsy for the diagnosis of leukoplakia.     

颌骨动静脉畸形的栓塞治疗

目的：总结直接穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静脉静脉畸形的经验。方法：收治凳骨动静脉畸形患者6例,均进行了介入栓塞治疗。采用的栓塞材料为附凝血棉纤毛的螺圈,聚乙烯醇泡沫微粒和二氰基丙烯酸对丁酯。数字减影颈动脉造影在PHILIPSV300下完成。结果6例颌骨动静脉畸形患者中4,例急性出血得到了快速、有效控制,1例慢性渗血的右下 骨动静脉畸形患者,介入栓塞治疗,拔除松动的右下凳第一磨牙,有效地控制了出血,另1例伴局部软组织搏动性膨隆的上凳骨动静脉畸形患者,介入治疗后膨隆的搏动性得到明显改善,栓塞治疗后分别随访3－24个月,均未发现有口腔内渗血或出血。随访的X线片上,病灶区可见新骨形成。结论：局部穿刺结合经血管内介入栓塞治疗颌骨动静畸形是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

Design of clinical trials of traditional therapies of periodontitis

The present paper on the design of clinical trials of periodontal therapy first addresses the issue of the etiology of periodontal disease. It is suggested that most if not all forms of destructive periodontal disease are caused by microorganisms and that there are different forms of disease with different microbial etiologies. The progressive nature of destructive periodontal disease is subsequently discussed and it is emphasized that, in a given patient, periodontal sites which show signs of inflammation and attachment loss may not over a period of several months and years show further sign of attachment loss. The present methods of assessing periodontal disease do not allow us to discriminate between potentially active and inactive sites in untreated patients. The significance and variability of indicators of periodontal disease such as bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and probing attachment level measurements are discussed. The errors inherent in the various measurements are analyzed and suggestions are presented describing how alterations in any of the above parameters could be identified and presented in a clinical trial. Of concern for the statistical analysis of clinical data of periodontal disease is the definition of the "experimental unit". For a number of years, the "experimental unit" in periodontal trials was the patient. It is clear, however, that different sites within the same individual show different patterns of disease progression and lesion morphology and often respond differently to periodontal therapy. Statistical analyses must consequently be designed which recognize differences in site-to-site infection and lesion morphology within a common host. Until such analyses are available, the investigator should be wary of pooling data within the same individual, since such pooling may obscure meaningful alternatives which may take place in individual periodontal sites. Some goals of periodontal therapy are subsequently identified. 4 goals are discussed more in detail, namely: to establish conditions which will allow the patient to maintain a dentition without further breakdown of the periodontium; to reduce pocket depth to establish an anatomy in the dentogingival region which with proper maintainance care will prevent the re-establishment of the subgingival infection; to gain attachment as a result of treatment; to assess the effect of a certain chemotherapeutic agent on periodontal disease.     

正畸患者切牙影像失真发生情况分析

目的研究正畸患者曲面体层片上的切牙影像失真发生情况，并分析其原因。 方法从中山大学附属口腔医院放射科影像数据库中选取500例正畸患者的曲面体层片和头影测量侧位片，所有曲面体层片均采用咬合杆投照，分别从切牙牙体影像放大、缩小、牙根变短、根尖模糊等评价指标分析上下颌切牙影像失真的发生情况，在头影测量侧位片上测量中切牙根尖-对颌切牙切缘的距离，探讨切牙影像失真发生的原因。采用SPSS 19.0统计软件对所得数据进行统计学检验。 结果500例患者中，切牙牙体影像正常者共417例，切牙牙体影像失真者共83例，影像失真发生率16.6%，其中切牙牙体影像放大17例、牙体影像缩小0例、牙根变短30例，牙根影像变短伴模糊36例。影像失真患者的根尖-切缘距离大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F = 5 187.18，P = 0）；影像失真患者的覆盖值大于影像正常的患者，差异有统计学意义（F>477，P = 0）。 结论严重牙颌面畸形如反 、深覆盖是导致曲面体层片的切牙影像失真的主要原因之一。     

正常青年Monson球面半径的测量研究

目的测量正常青年Monson球面半径。方法选择60名(男30名,女30名)正常青年制取全口印模,应用立体摄影成像的原理与方法对Monson球面半径进行测量和统计学处理。结果Monson球面的半径平均为10.173 cm,大于理论值10.160 cm,差异有显著性(P<0.01);男、女性球面半径差异无显著性。结论本实验所得到的数据可作为全口义齿修复中记录颌位关系的一个参量。     

鼻测量法的进展

唇裂术后继发畸形是指唇裂修复术后,仍遗留或继发于手术操作和生长发育变化而表现出来的一类畸形[1]。包括唇畸形、鼻畸形和颌骨畸形。其修复较原发性唇裂修复更复杂,更灵活多变。而导致其修复复杂性的一个重要原因即是局部组织结构复杂变异和缺乏可靠的三维测量手段[2],鼻畸形     

下颌角骨折治疗后并发症的临床分析

目的研究下颌角骨折治疗后并发症,分析原因并提出预防方法。方法回顾分析我院206例下颌角骨折患者的治疗及并发症情况,分颌间固定组62例,内固定组120例,颅颌绷带组24例。结果治疗后发生的并发症有骨感染4例,医源性损伤2例,牙合干扰3例,错牙合畸形2例,颞下颌关节功能紊乱病2例。结论下颌角骨折的治疗应首选坚强内固定,应选择正确的手术方案,加强术前、术后抗感染治疗及术后肌功能训练,对骨折线上的阻生齿应尽可能保留,以减少并发症。