福建省肝癌高低发区居民AFB1摄入量及膳食营养状况分析

对福建省原发性肝癌（ＰＨＣ）死亡率最高的同安县及最低的松溪县采用称量法对居民黄曲霉毒素Ｂ１（ＡＦＢ１）摄入量及膳食营养状况进行调查采样分析。结果显示：同安居民ＡＦＢ１摄入量达２１３６．３ｎｇ／日，为松溪居民ＡＦＢ１摄入量（２１４．４ｎｇ／日）的９．９６倍。两地区居民膳食热能和蛋白质数量基本满足需要，但优质蛋白质只占ＲＤＡ的１７％。同安居民钙、硒摄入均不足或严重不足，分别占ＲＤＡ的４６．８１％和７２．３４％，略高于松溪（４０．９３％和６５．７４％）。同安居民视黄醇当量、核黄素的摄入量分别为ＲＤＡ的２３．１３％和５９．１７％，低于松溪（５０．８５％和７１．６７％）。同安居民膳食脂肪摄入量低于松溪（分别为３４．６１ｇ和６２．１２ｇ），但不饱和脂肪酸尤其多不饱和脂肪酸所占比例远高于松溪，饱和∶单不饱和∶多不饱和脂肪酸分别为１∶１．７４∶１．８７和１∶１．３９∶０．５６。     

城区居民膳食调查

目的了解城区居民的膳食营养状况。方法应用食物频数问卷和２４小时回顾性膳食调查的方法。结果城区居民膳食中蛋白质、铁、硒、维生素Ｅ和烟酸的摄入量较充足;钙的摄入量普遍不足、低于ＲＤＡ的４４％～６４％;８０％以上组的硫胺素、核黄素的摄入量不能满足需要,低于ＲＤＡ的７０％;１２％～３８％的组锌、视黄醇和抗坏血酸的摄入量偏低、低于ＲＤＡ的７０％。脂肪热比偏高,超过３０％,碳水化物热比偏低,低于５５％。结论引导居民合理膳食。     

中老年人膳食和体液免疫水平的调查

作者调查了１６１例（男：９８，女：６３）中老年人的营养素摄入量、血浆蛋白及体液免疫水平。结果：该人群的大部分人热能的摄入量达ＲＤＡ值；膳食蛋白质、维生素Ａ、Ｂ２、Ｃ、锌和铁的摄入量较低；脂肪摄入量按热能比高于３０％者约占３０％；血浆总蛋白、球蛋白水平较低，尤其是女性；免疫球蛋白ＩｇＡ偏低，ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＭ偏高。     

城区100名老年人的营养状况调查分析

对象与方法：采用分层整群抽样的方法，随机抽取济南市区６０岁以上老年人１００名。其中男性４３名，平均年龄６６．５±５．６岁，平均ＢＭＩ指数２４．７±３．７，女性５７名，平均年龄６８．７±６．６岁，平均ＢＭＩ指数２４．６±３．８。用食物频数问卷和２４ｈ回忆法对其进行了膳食营养状况及一般情况调查。结果：各组膳食中能量、蛋白质、铁、维生素Ｅ、烟酸的摄入量能满足需要。，钙的摄入量普遍不足，以女性为突出，分别低于ＲＤＡ的６７％和４２％，各年龄女性组锌、硒的摄入量，低于ＲＤＡ的７０％。７０岁组维生素Ａ摄入量不能满足需要，尤以男性为甚，分别低于ＲＤＡ的５７％和４９％。，各年龄女性组维生素Ｂ１、Ｂ２的摄入量低于ＲＤＡ的６１％。膳食构成的调查结果：蛋白质供热比达到或超过１３％～１５％，优质蛋白质占４０％以上，碳水化物的供热比低于５４％，脂肪供热比超过３０％。调查中还发现，肥胖者（ＢＭＩ指数＞２５）占４０％，冠心病，占调查人数的２１％，高血压１５％、糖尿病７％。提示，城区老年人的膳食构成已发生明显变化。肉、蛋类摄取量增加，蔬菜、水果及奶类摄取量偏低；这种不平衡的膳食构成对健康极为不利。故应重视老年人的营养教育，并加以指导。另外，?     

海南省城乡居民膳食营养状况分析

对１９９２年海南省城乡人群的膳食结构和营养状况调查结果进行了分析。结果表明，热能摄入量偏低，食物搭配不合理，三大主要营养素摄入量，城市高于农村，各类营养素的摄入量随着经济收入的增加而上升。城市钙、锌、视黄醇，硫胺素、核黄素摄入不足，农村钙、硫胺素、核黄素摄入仅占供给量（ＲＤＡ）５０％。来源于动物性食物的热能，城市为２１．１％，农村为１１．６％。学龄前儿童热量、钙、锌摄入不足，维生素缺乏。     

锌、铜、铁、钙营养状况与高血压病的相关研究

对５２例高血压患者进行头发中锌、铜、铁、钙等１０种元素的含量测定，并同时测算相应膳食中锌、铜、铁、钙及蛋白质和热能的摄入量。结果表明：①高血压组发锌、铜、钙、硒、铬、锰、锶含量均低于健康组，发铁、铅含量则高于健康组。②高血压组膳食中锌、铜、钙、蛋白质的摄入量均明显低于健康组及ＲＤＡ标准，而铁及热能的摄入量则高于健康组及ＲＤＡ标准。③高血压组膳食中锌、铜、铁、钙的摄入量分别与相应发含量及蛋白和热能的摄入量呈显著性正相关。结果提示，高血压患者头发中锌、铜、铁、钙等元素含量可用来评价其营养状况。微量元素含量变化与高血压病的发生发展有密切关系。     

郑州城乡10～12岁小学生核黄素营养水平分析

目的：了解城乡儿童核黄营养状况。方法：对城市４０名及农村５１名１０～１２岁小学生采用４小时尿负荷实验法检测其体内核黄素水平，并以问卷方式调查日常饮食情况。结果：城市核黄素不足和缺乏的人数占被测人数的３７．５０％，乡村占６８．６３％，两者差异有显著性意义（Ｐ〈０．０１），城乡儿童核黄素人均日摄入量分别占ＲＤＡ的７４．６８％和５５．８６％。膳食调查显示城市儿童在肉类、乳类方面摄入高于农村儿童，差异有显     

武汉市学龄前儿童VA缺乏及其营养状况调查

对武汉市两所幼儿园２～７岁学龄前儿童进行了营养状况调查。膳食调查结果：蛋白质、脂肪及热能摄入量基本正常；视黄醇摄入量明显不足，占我国推荐量标准４４．５％～６５．１％；钙摄入量不足。实验室检测：贫血率１６．９％；血清ＶＡ缺乏率１０．９０％，亚临床缺乏率２１．９６％；血清ＶＡ水平与血红蛋白呈正相关，相关系数ｒ＝０．１５４。     

老龄患者的营养调查与分析

对象与方法：１９９８年对我院１０６例老年患者进行了营养调查，其中高血压５７例、糖尿病２５例、冠心病６２例，脑动脉供血不足２３例、心肌梗塞４０例。将患者分为两组，第一组（５０～５９岁）男２６例，女１２例，第二组（６０～７９岁）男６０例，女８例。膳食调查采取询问法，连续记录三天的饮食情况，计算出每人每日摄入的营养素。体格检查及生化检查，包括身高（ｃｍ）、体重（ｋｇ）、上臂围（ＡＣ）、肱三头肌皮褶厚度（ＴＳＦ），臂肌围（ＡＭＣ）、血红蛋白（Ｈｂ）、血胆固醇（ＴＣ）、血甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、血糖（ＧＬＵ）、血低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ）。结果：膳食调查显示两组热能平均摄入量分别为７．７６ＭＪ（１８５４ｋｃａｌ），７．３０ＭＪ（１７４４ｋｃａｌ），均低于中国营养学会ＲＤＡ；蛋白质平均摄入量分别为６４．８ｇ与６０．２ｇ，略低于ＲＤＡ；其中动物蛋白、豆类蛋白与植物蛋白所占比例分别为７８．２％、６．４８％、１５％；与８２．７％、１０．１％、７．１４％，豆类与植物蛋白摄入偏低。动物脂肪摄入量分别为３１．２ｇ，３０．１ｇ，占脂肪摄入量的７２．２％与７４％，摄入偏高。其他两组分别为：钙仅占ＲＤＡ的６２．９％与６４．３％；铁仅占ＲＤＡ的７６?     

1992年中国总膳食研究—化学污染物(二)不同年龄组的比较

于１９９２～１９９３年进行的第二次中国总膳食研究中增加了不同年龄组和成年男子春秋两季的总膳食研究。报道了四大区的代表省份河北省、陕西省、湖北省和上海市不同年龄组的膳食组成、重金属和其他有害元素以及放射性核素的膳食摄入量。膳食中铅的污染比较严重，２～７岁的膳食摄入量已超过ＡＤＩ值的１８．９％，其他年龄组稍低，但也接近ＡＤＩ值。春秋两季比较，秋季铅的膳食摄入量明显高于春季；陕西省铅的膳食摄入量低于河北省，但秋季也已超过ＡＤＩ值１１．６％。河北省春秋两季均超过ＡＤＩ值，分别为２９．９％和４９．２％；镉和汞的污染较低，分别占ＡＤＩ值的２４％和３５％以下；铝的膳食摄入量也存在一定的问题，低年龄组已超过ＡＤＩ值８％左右，两个成人年龄组也已接近ＡＤＩ值，河北省秋季超过ＡＤＩ值的２５．９％；氟的膳食摄入量儿童和青少年似摄入偏低，成人则是适宜的。四个年龄组六种放射性核素的膳食摄入量均未超过年允许摄入量（ＡＬＩ）的３６％。人工污染的放射性元素９０锶、１３７铯均在ＡＬＩ值的１％以下。春秋两季比较，秋季放射性核素摄入量普遍高于春季。２１０铅较为明显，秋季摄入量高于春季３～４倍。     

Early detection of protein energy malnutrition in Sharkia Governorate

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to assess the nutritional status of children, aged 6 to 36 months, in Sharkia Governorate aiming for early detection of malnourished cases. Methods: the present study was carried out on 1000 children aged 6 to 36 months, selected by a multistage random sample from 6 villages in two districts in Sharkia Governorate. Data were gathered by an interview questionnaire to the child's mother or care giver at their homes. Anthropometric measurements as height, weight, mid-arm, head circumference and skin fold thickness were assessed. Body mass index was calculated. Dietary evaluation was done by a 24 hours recall for amounts and frequencies of food and was transferred to their recommended daily allowance (RDA). The studied children were classified into three groups according to their weight for age percentiles, underweight children, borderline malnourished children and normal weight children. Serum hemoglobin, pre-albumin and albumin were assessed for a randomly selected number of the studied group. Results: the study showed that all anthropometric measurements were lower than normal in underweight and borderline subjects. The prevalence rates of wasting, stunting and underweight were 15%, 24.4% and 15.4% in the studied infants in Sharkia Governorate, respectively. The study revealed that nutrient intake of the study subjects was lower than the RDA for the energy intake from carbohydrates, vitamin D, and iron, while it was higher than the RDA for the energy intake from lipids and vitamin A and equal to the lower level of the normal range of RDA for the energy intake from proteins. Most of the protein intake was of plant origin. Caloric intake was less than RDA in underweight and border line children, but more than RDA in normal children (86%, 90% and 102%). The ratios of caloric intake to the required calories according to weight were 90%, 98% and 108% in the three groups respectively. Chronic cough and chronic and recurrent diarrhea were more complained by underweight and borderline children. Underweight children were more infested with oxyurius and entamoeba histolitica than the other 2 groups. Serum hemoglobin, albumin and plasma pre-albumin levels were within normal range with significantly lower values in underweight and borderline infants compared to normal children. By multiple linear regression analysis, the most important factors affecting BMI were carbohydrate, lipid and caloric intake, serum albumin, plasma pre-albumin, vitamin A and D intake and protein intake. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of wasting ,stunting and underweight among infants and children of the studied sample in Sharkia governorate explained by the low socioeconomic status, unbalanced diet. Early changes of protein energy malnutrition were detected, in spite of the fact that serum hemoglobin, albumin and plasma pre-albumin levels were within normal range, they were significantly lower in underweight and borderline infants compared to normal children.     

Demographic profile and nutrient intake assessment of individuals using emergency food programs

A dietary assessment of food pantry and soup kitchen users was conducted. A demographic and socioeconomic profile of participants was developed. One hundred ninety-one persons completed 30- to 40-minute interviews while in line to receive food assistance. Dietary status was determined from 24-hour recall data. Intakes of calcium, iron, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, protein, vitamin A, and vitamin C were compared with the 1980 RDAs for age and sex. A dietary adequacy score was developed to evaluate nutrient quality by calculation of a nutrient density ratio (total intake for a nutrient divided by the RDA). A value of one was considered the norm. A score of 0.67 or less was considered an inadequate nutrient intake. Sixty-eight percent of the sample demonstrated some degree of inadequate nutrient intake. Nutrients that tended to be the lowest were calcium (76% inadequate), vitamin C (74% inadequate), and thiamin (74% inadequate). Inadequate nutrient intake was significantly associated with a lack of cooking facilities, lower monthly incomes, and lesser amounts of money spent on food. Comparison of food pantry users with soup kitchen participants indicated calcium was a problem nutrient for both groups.     

延吉市200名朝鲜族和汉族老年人膳食营养状况的调查

目的了解延吉市朝鲜族和汉族老年人的膳食及营养状况。方法随机选择200名60岁以上的朝鲜族和汉族老年人,测量血压,用24小时回忆法进行膳食调查。结果(1)男性每人每日热能摄入量超过推荐摄入量(RNI),女性则基本达到RNI标准;男性早餐热能比明显比女性低,而晚餐热能比明显比女性高,男性高血压者晚餐热能比明显高于血压正常者。(2)朝鲜族的脂肪热能比明显低于汉族(P<001),且未达到适宜摄入量范围;朝鲜族的碳水化合物热能比明显高于汉族(P<001)。(3)朝鲜族男性平均蛋白质摄入量超过RNI标准,汉族男性略低于RNI标准,且朝鲜族男性平均蛋白质摄入量显著高于汉族男性(P<001);两个民族的老年人摄入优质蛋白质的比率为35%～45%,其中大豆蛋白超过15%。(4)两个民族的老年人钙和维生素A的摄入量仅达到RNI标准的一半,锌、硒、核黄素的摄入量均低于RNI标准。结论朝鲜族和汉族老年人对某些营养素的摄取量不相等,老年人钙、维生素A、维生素B2的摄入量严重不足,晚餐热能摄入量偏高与男性高血压患病有关。     

Nutrient intake among elderly in southern Peninsular Malaysia

Studies were conducted in selected areas in three states namely Johor (n=117, male=55, female=62), Negeri Sembilan (n=130, male=52, female=78) and Malacca (n=97, male=33, female=64) involving free living elderly (age range from 60 to 93 years old). Respondents were divided into three age cohort groups that is 60 to 69 years, 70 to 79 years and above 80 years old. Assessment of macro and micronutrients were obtained from 24-hour diet recall for three consecutive days. Household measurements were used to estimate the amount of food consumed. Mean energy intake for both sexes were lower than the Malaysian RDA. Mean energy intake were also found to decline with age increment. The percentage of carbohydrate from total calories is higher compared to fat and protein. No respondents were found to consume less than 1/3 RDA for protein. Although no significant difference in nutrient intake was noted among age cohort groups, there was a decline in the intake of protein, fat and carbohydrate. Significantly (p <0.05) lower carbohydrate intake was noted in cohort group above 80 years. As for vitamins and minerals consumption, more than 50% of the elderly population studied consumed less than 2/3 RDA for vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and calcium. Very low intake of nutrient may lead to many health problems. Overall mean energy intake indicate the respondents consume less than the Malaysian RDA for all three age cohort groups. Total mean energy intake were also found to decline with age increment for both sexes. Due to the low energy intake, higher percentage of elderly were found consuming less than 2/3 RDA for thiamine (65%), riboflavin (63%) and niacin (90%). Other nutrients which were also being consumed less than 2/3 RDA by the respondents are vitamin A (67%) and calcium (65%). The intake of calcium which was found to be extremely low (ranged from 277 to 303 mg) could lead to problems like osteoporosis.     

贵阳地区汉族、苗族、布依族孕妇营养调查

对贵阳地区170名汉族、苗族、布依族孕妇的孕中、后期进行营养调查。结果表明,该区孕中、后期孕妇膳食中热量的摄入基本达到孕妇供给量标准。热量来源分配基本合理。孕妇膳食中存在的主要问题是蛋白质摄入量不足,优质蛋白占总蛋白之比,除汉族达到30％以上外,苗族、布依族均在25％以下。钙、B_2。摄入量三组均明显低于孕妇供给量标准。汉族在孕后期,视黄醇摄入量仅达到供给量的73％。孕妇贫血患病率在26.92～50.00％。汉族、苗族、布依族三组新生儿出生体重、身长均无显著性差异(p>0.05),发育指标均属中等水平。     

上海市工厂托儿所2岁以内儿童膳食、生长发育及疾病情况的调查

本文是对上海市工厂托儿所329例3～24个月龄婴儿进行为期一年随访研究结果。内容有不同月龄儿童营养、生长发育及发病情况等。营养调查结果与我国RDA比较,热能除6～12月龄组达90％以上外,余均在80～85％之间;蛋白质则均达80％以上,铁的摄入量至18月龄时始达RDA水平。体格测量结果表明:体重均值与1985年上海市市区0～6岁儿童测量结果比较,12月龄以内儿童均略高于1985年,至24月龄时渐偏低,身长则自10月龄始即渐偏低。6～18月龄儿童贫血患病率均在60％以上。提示,提高热能及铁的摄入量很有必要。     

南方某部新兵膳食与营养状况调查

目的了解南方某部新兵的营养及体格状况，为制定改善措施、预防亚健康提供科学依据。方法采用食物称重法调查膳食营养摄入量。用荧光法和比色法检测受试者4小时负荷尿中VB。、VB2和VC含量及血液Hb水平。同时测量身高、体重、上臂围、皮褶厚度等。结果新兵膳食摄入的VA、VB，、VB2和Ca依次仅达军用标准供给量的34．4％、75．0％、74．0％和71．3％，均为不足；热能及其他营养素的摄入基本达到军用标准。分别有25．0％、25．0％和90．0％的新兵VB1、VC和vB2不足或缺乏；有40．0％的新兵Hb含量低于正常值；未发现典型营养缺乏症病人；BMI评价为营养不良的人数占10．0％；上臂肌围评价为肌消瘦者占77．5％。结论部分新兵存在多种营养素摄入不足及体格方面的问题。     

Dietary intakes among Turkish adolescent girls

The aim of this study was to obtain data about the nutritional intake of adolescent girls from Edirne, Turkey. In a sample of 940 healthy adolescent girls aged between 12 and 17 years, intake of macronutrients and micronutrients was assessed from 3-day self-reported food records. In general, macronutrient intake was found to be adequate whereas micronutrient intake was lower than the recommended dietary allowance (RDA). The percentage of energy distribution of the subjects derived from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats was 53.6%, 10.9%, and 35.5%, respectively. Compared with the RDA, reported intakes of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, and fiber were most likely to be inadequate; those of folic acid and potassium were adequate; and those of vitamins A and C were well above. Adolescent girls living in the rural area consumed lower amounts of energy, carbohydrate, protein, niacin, folic acid, vitamin C, and sodium and higher amounts of thiamin compared with those living in the urban area. Based on the findings of this study, a preventive nutritional concept for Turkish adolescent girls was proposed.     

Nutrition status of the elderly in Anogia,Crete, Greece.

General health and nutritional status of 167 free-living elderly Greek (aged 65-91 years) were assessed. The most prevalent diseases/symptoms encountered were related to respiratory, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal and vascular systems (hypertension). Most subjects were socially active. Body mass index was < 20 and > 25 Kg/m2 in 7 and 57% of the subjects, respectively. Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in women than in men, and as a group, 18 and 42%, respectively, had diastolic blood pressures > 90 and systolic blood pressures > 160 mmHg. Anemia and hypoalbuminemia were detected in < 5% of the population. Total fat intake was 40-45% of total energy intake and most of it came from monounsaturated fat. Hypercholesterolemia (> 6 mmol/L) was present in 32% of subjects. The percentages of men who smoked (66%) or drank (68%) were significantly higher than those of women (2 and 1%, respectively). Dietary intake data were compared with US recommended dietary allowances (RDA) for elderly. Daily energy and protein intakes were lower than the US RDA levels; calcium intake was > 50% of the US RDA, while magnesium and vitamin B6 levels were < 50% of the US RDA. Vitamin C intake was much higher than that of the US RDA. Mean thiamin, vitamin A, riboflavin and iron intakes were below the US RDA, while fiber intake was < 50% of the corresponding US estimate. Phosphorus was higher than the US RDA in men, while lower for women. Sodium intakes exceeded those recommended, while potassium levels were higher than those recommended in males, and lower in females.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

不同地区乳母膳食状况调查

本研究对我国7个地区产后1～6个月的1 013名乳母进行了膳食调查。结果表明,各地区乳母产后一个月内动物性食物的摄取量较高,平均为349g,蛋白质摄取量为97 g,但维生素C的摄入量只有32 mg。从产后第2个月开始乳母蛋白质摄取量达不到RDA值。各月组乳母的热能摄入量基本相同,平均为每天9 753 kJ。所有被调查乳母膳食中最显不足的是钙、锌和核黄素。各地区同一月组乳母营养素摄取量间有很大差别。