重组人生长激素在肠瘘伴低白蛋白血症病人中前瞻性应用研究

本研究前瞻性观察重组人生长激素（ｒｅｃｏｍｂｉｎａｔｅｄｈｕｍａｎＧｒｏｗｔｈＨｏｒｍｏｎｅ，ｒｈＧＨ）在肠外瘘伴低白蛋白血症病人的作用。选择１９９５年１２月～１９９７年６月间住院的肠瘘伴低白蛋白血症（＜３０ｇ／Ｌ）病人３０例，随机分为对照组１５例和ｒｈＧＨ组１５例，重组人生长激素（瑞士，Ｓｅｒｏｎｏ产品）４Ｕ×３／ｄ，肌肉注射，连续７天。实验前（０天）、实验第４和第８天，测定病人体重、血生化、血浆蛋白。结果示（１）两组病人治疗后体重均无明显的变化（Ｐ＞０．０５），两组病人的血糖、血清肌酐、ＡＫＰ、ＡＬＴ和总胆红素亦无明显差异。（２）ｒｈＧＨ组第８天的血清白蛋白浓度（３５．４±４．５ｇ／Ｌ）显著高于治疗前（２８．７±３．０ｇ／Ｌ）（Ｐ＜０．０１），而对照组血清白蛋白浓度无显著提高（Ｐ＞０．０５）。在实验第８天ｒｈＧＨ组的血清白蛋白浓度（３５．４±４．５ｇ／Ｌ）显著高于对照组（２９．１４±３．０ｇ／Ｌ）（Ｐ＜０．０５）。（３）ｒｈＧＨ组病人治疗后血清前白蛋白浓度（４．５±１．８ｇ／Ｌ）显著高于治疗前（２．９±１．７ｇ／Ｌ）和对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（４）ｒｈＧＨ组病人治疗后血清转铁蛋白浓度显著高于治疗前和对照     

左旋肉碱对肥胖青少年体重综合性控制的影响

１８名１３～１７岁的肥胖中学生（肥胖度大于１２０％），随机分为实验组和对照组进行为期三个月的体重综合性控制实验，两组都接受营养教育、膳食控制和体育锻炼，但实验组补充左旋肉碱２ｇ／ｄ，对照组服用安慰剂，每月体检一次，测定身高、体重及三处皮褶厚度。三个月后，实验组的平均体重下降５．１１±２．０６ｋｇ，对照组下降０．５２±０．７９ｋｇ（Ｐ＜０．０１），实验组的肥胖度、体块指数（ＢＭＩ）分别下降了１３．４０％±０．３８％，２．６０±０．７０，三头肌皮褶厚度（ＴＳＦ）、肩胛下皮褶厚度（ＳＢＳ）、髂前上嵴皮褶厚度（ＩＣ）分别下降（ｍｍ）６．８０±５．６７，５．７０±４．４２，１０．９０±５．１７，而对照组肥胖度、体块指数（ＢＭＩ）仅分别下降（％）６．５０±０．３６，０．８８±０．６４，三头肌皮褶厚度、肩胛下皮褶厚度、髂前上嵴皮褶厚度分别下降（ｍｍ）１．７５±０．１３，０．１２±０．０８，６．６３±２．５６，两组差异显著，具有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

大剂量维生素A对反复呼吸道感染的干预作用

对２～６岁反复呼吸道感染（ＲＲＩ）病例进行了大剂量维生素Ａ（ＶＡ）干预的随机对照研究，治疗组２７例（服ＶＡ２０万ＩＵ），病例对照组２２例（服空白对照丸），结果显示：服药后第４周末治疗组血清ＶＡ水平高于病例对照组，差异有显着性（Ｐ＜０．０５），血清游离白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）低于病例对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），白细胞介素１（ＩＬ－１）、白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）两组差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５），但治疗组ＩＬ－２增加值大于病例对照组，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）；服药后４个月内呼吸道感染（包括下呼吸道感染）人次数治疗组低于病例对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果提示，大剂量ＶＡ干预能改善ＲＲＩ儿童ＶＡ营养状态及免疫功能，降低呼吸道感染发病率。     

三种维生素对仔鸡发育及组织维生素含量的影响

目的：　研究日粮维生素Ａ（ＶＡ）、维生素Ｄ（ＶＤ）、维生素Ｅ（ＶＥ）在营养方面的相互影响。方法：　在基础日粮中添加不同剂量的维生素组成试验日粮进行动物试验,测定肉鸡的增重、饲料转化率和组织维生素含量。　结果：　当饲粮ＶＥ含量为２０ ＩＵ／ｋｇ 时,采食每千克饲粮添加２０ ０００ＩＵ ＶＡ的仔鸡增重显著低于采食每千克饲粮添加１ ５００ＩＵ 的仔鸡（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）;高ＶＡ组鸡的血浆和肝脏ＶＥ含量非常显著低于低ＶＡ组（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,表明日粮高水平ＶＡ可能抑ＶＥ的吸收;当饲粮ＶＡ含量为３０ ０００ＩＵ／ｋｇ、ＶＥ为２０ＩＵ／ｋｇ 时,随ＶＤ水平极度提高,雏鸡体重呈下降趋势。而饲粮ＶＤ含量为２００ＩＵ和１ ０００ＩＵ／ｋｇ 对鸡生长及血液和肝脏ＶＡ、ＶＥ含量无显著性影响;当ＶＥ水平提高到２００ ＩＵ／ｋｇ,ＶＤ水平提高到８ ０００ ＩＵ／ｋｇ 时,雏鸡体重显著增加（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）;在相同ＶＤ水平下,高水平ＶＥ日粮组试鸡的体重均高于低水平日粮组。结论：日粮ＶＡ、ＶＤ和ＶＥ间存在着显著的相互影响,在配制动物日粮时应注意ＶＡ、Ｄ和Ｅ的适宜比例关系。     

孕晚期维生素营养状况与胎儿宫内生长迟缓的病例对照研究

对９７名胎儿宫内生长迟缓（ＩＵＧＲ）孕妇和１３３名对照进行了孕晚期膳食摄入量及血液维生素水平的对比研究，结果发现：ＩＵＧＲ孕妇热能、蛋白质摄入不足，Ｃａ、ＶＢ＿２缺乏，ＶＡ、ＶＢ＿１摄入低下，血清维生素Ｅ含量只有对照组一半（Ｐ＜０．０１）；多元逐步回归分析表明孕母血清维生素Ｅ与婴儿多个出生时生长指标其回归系数为正。红细胞转酮酶活力（ＴＰＰ％）和谷胱甘肽还原酶活性系数（ＡＣ）值两组比较差别无显著性，但均提示两组孕妇有硫胺素及核黄素缺乏（ＴＰＰ％＞１６％，ＡＣ值＞１．２）。     

单纯性肥胖青少年性发育的调查分析

用放免法测定肥胖组与对照组男女儿童血清睾酮、脱氢表雄酮硫酸酯（ＤＨＥＡＳ）的含量及性征与性成熟的状况。结果显示肥胖组男性儿童血清睾酮含量为（１０．３６±５．７２）ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，对照组为（８．６５±４．２１）ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，肥胖组显著地高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。肥胖组女性儿童血清ＤＨＥＡＳ含量为（８．２５±６．４７）ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ，对照组为（５．６３±４．９８）ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ，肥胖组亦明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。肥胖组男性睾丸的纵横径及阴茎的长度和围度与对照组比较均有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。肥胖组男性首次遗精年龄及女性月经初潮年龄和第二性征发育均早于对照组，在统计学上均有显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示肥胖组性激素分泌及性发育、性成熟均明显高于、早于对照组。由此可见肥胖促进了性发育和性成熟，使得肥胖儿易出现性早熟的倾向，因此对单纯性肥胖青少年的性教育显得更加重要。     

维生素A营养状况对青年免疫功能的影响及补充效果观察

本文筛选血红蛋白、血清白蛋白及维生素Ｅ在正常范围的健康青年７１名，测定血清维生素Ａ含量及６项免疫学指标。结果显示，血清维生素Ａ平均含量为１．３６±０．４３μｍｏｌ／Ｌ。与各项免疫指标的相关分析，维生素Ａ与外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞百分数和淋巴细胞转化率间呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．２３６６，Ｐ＜０．０５，ｒ＝０．３０８６，Ｐ＜０．０１），与其它免疫指标未见显著相关性。维生素Ａ含量较低人群的外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞百分数及淋巴细胞转化率明显低于维生素Ａ含量正常人群（Ｐ＜０．０５），于补充维生素Ａ后显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。血清ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ含量在两组人群间及补充前后无显著性差别。研究结果表明，维生素Ａ对维持和增强人体细胞免疫功能具有一定作用，对体液免疫功能未见显著影响。     

红景天中药复方改善机体骨骼肌能量代谢效果研究

本文为提高高原移居人体劳动能力，研制了以红景天提取物为主，含刺五加、黄芪和丹参的中药复方（９２０４０２复方）。动物随机分为实验组（９２０４０２复方组）和对照组。在小鼠减压缺氧（模拟海拔高度１００００ｍ）游泳实验中，实验组游泳时间明显长于对照组，分别为７５．８±４．４和６２．６±４．４ｍｉｎ，延长约２１．１％（Ｐ＜０．０５）；实验组游泳时间大于６０ｍｉｎ的存活卒明显高于对照组，分别为５５．４％和３６．９％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。在大鼠减压缺氧（模拟海拔高度６０００ｍ）游泳实验中，实验组骨骼肌线粒体ＲＣＲ和ＡＤＰ／Ｏ明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），并且ＡＴＰ含量也高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果提示，９２０４０２复方能明显提高缺氧机体运动能力，其机制可能与９２０４０２复方改善缺氧机体骨骼肌能量代谢有关。     

47例老年肝炎后肝硬化患者外周血纤溶活化水平测定及临床意义

目的：观察老年肝炎后肝硬化患者纤溶功能变化。方法：分别用发色底物法,酶联免疫吸附法测定４７例老年肝炎后肝硬化患者（ 老年组） ,３４ 例非老年肝炎后肝硬化患者（ 非老年组） 及２４ 例健康老年人（ 对照组） 外周血组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性（ｔ＿ｐ Ａ： Ａ） 及其抗原（ｔ＿ Ｐ Ａ： Ａｇ） 、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物活性（ Ｐ Ａ Ｉ： Ａ） 及 Ｄ－ 二聚体。结果：老年组与非老年组比较上述指标无显著性差异（ Ｐ＞ ０ ．０５） 。老年组ｔ＿ Ｐ Ａ： Ａ、ｔ－ ｐ Ａ： Ａｇ 及 Ｄ－ 二聚体显著高于肝功能代偿者（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ,而 Ｐ Ａ Ｉ： Ａ 显著低于对照组。老年组中肝功能失代偿者ｔ － Ｐ Ａ： Ａｇ 、ｔ－ Ｐ Ａ： Ａ 及 Ｄ－ 二聚体显著高于肝功能代偿者（ Ｐ＞ ０ ．０１） , Ｐ Ａ Ｉ： Ａ 变化与之相反。结论：随着老年肝炎后肝硬化患者肝功能减退,其纤溶活性升高,纤溶功能状态与患者年龄无关。测定纤溶活化功能对预测其肝功能损害、出血、预后及指导治疗有重要意义。     

臭氧对小鼠血清脂质过氧化物及心脑脂褐质水平的影响

在本研究中，小鼠暴露于低浓度臭氧（１．１±０．３ｍｇ／ｍ~３）环境中７天。第８天，小鼠心、脑脂褐质含量（１０．９±１．７、８．６±１．７μｇ／ｇ）明显高于对照组（８．２±１．５、６．９±１．６μｇ／ｇ）（ｐ＜０．０１）。然而，血清脂质过氧化物含量（２．０±０．５ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｌ），与对照组（１．９±０．２ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｌ）相比，无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

小儿反复呼吸道感染的血清维生素A水平及大剂量补充维生素A防治的效果观察

1990年12月以来,我们对186名反复呼吸道感染(RAI)小儿进行了血清维生素A(VA)水平观察,其中正常58例(31.2％ ),不足74例(39.8％ ),缺乏44例(23.7％),严重缺乏10例(5.4％ ),总平均值为0.92±0.38 μmol/L。同时测定28例无感染小儿,其血清VA属正常范围12例(42.9％),不足14例(50％),缺乏2例(7.1％ ),严重缺乏为0,总平均值为1.07±0.32μmol/L,二者相比P<0.05,有显著差异。对其中143例进行分组观察,实验组87例,每年口服VA2次(每次按1～6岁15 ×10~4 IU,6岁以上20 ×10~4 IU,顿服,间隔4～6个月);对照组56例,不给VA。经1年观察,两组在发病次数、天数和疾病严重度方面均有明显差异,实验组较对照组发病少、短、轻。同时对174例RAI小儿测定了免疫球蛋白(Ig),结果以IgA升高(46％),IgG (42.5％)及IgM (21.3％)降低者居多(1例可同时有2或3项改变),实验组及对照组血清IgA无差异,8～10周后重复再测,两组血清IgA数值下降者居多,且实验组与对照组相比有非常显著差异(P=0.000 1 ),实验组数值高于对照组。     

大剂量补充维生素A对儿童腹泻和呼吸道感染性疾病的影响

172名0.5～2岁维生素A较缺乏地区农村儿童随机分为实验组(n=98)和对照组(n=74)。实验组儿童在实验初及随后的第6个月给予含20万IU的维生素A和40IU维生素E胶囊,对照组儿童同时给予空白胶囊。经过12个月的随访调查,结果表明:实验组儿童腹泻和呼吸道感染的发病率较对照组明显下降(P<0.01),且其严重程度较轻,对照组儿童发生腹泻和呼吸道感染的相对危险性分别是实验组的2.3和3.4倍。在第一次补充后第8周的测定结果表明:实验组儿童血清维生素A比对照组水平明显提高(P<0.05),维生素A低下检出率下降57％。     

Interactions of Lead,Calcium , Vitamin D,and Nutrition in Lead-Burdened Children

This study was undertaken to evaluate relationships between blood or serum levels of lead (Pb), calcium, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), within the framework of a nutritional survey of lead-burdened children. The results demonstrate that: regardless of blood Pb concentration and season of the year, serum 25-OHD concentration reflects vitamin D intake; high blood Pb (≥60μg/dl) was associated with decreased levels of 25-OHD (18 ± 1 ng/ml vs. 32 ± 1 in controls, P <C .001); concentrations of Pb and calcium were inversely correlated in control and lead-burdened children; and children in the high blood Pb group (≥60 μg/dl) had lower mean daily intakes of both calcium (610 ± 20 mg vs. 770±20 in controls, P < .001) and vitamin D (210±17 IU vs. 325±20 in controls, P < .001). These data indicate that, in Pb-burdened children, multiple factors modify the absorption and toxicity of Pb, and relative vitamin D deficiency, not excess, is associated with high blood Pb levels. Assessment of nutrition, calcium metabolism, and vitamin D status is recommended in evaluating children known to have undue absorption of Pb.     

4个贫困县农村5岁以下儿童定期普服维生素A干预营养不良的效果:前瞻性队列研究

目的:探讨定期普服维生素A(VA)对营养不良的干预效果。方法:对抽样人群5岁以下儿童口服维生素A大剂量突击法1年内口服VA两次(双剂量),每次10~20万IU,间隔6个月;采用《WHO 0~6岁儿童身高、体重参考值与评价标准》进行评价。结果:患病率及相对危险度:营养不良患病率服VA组明显低于对照组(服药前),低体重、发育迟缓和消瘦的RR分别为1.4、1.3和2.6,均有非常显著统计学意义。人群归因危险度百分比:服VA后比对照组各分别降低15.2%、12.4%和44.4%。结论:补充维生素A降低了营养不良的患病率。     

补充维生素A对婴幼儿乙肝疫苗再免疫效果的促进作用

目的 观察补充维生素A(VA)对婴幼儿乙型病毒性肝炎(简称乙肝)疫苗再免疫效果的影响.方法 于2008年10月至2009年3月间,招募山东临沂某农村地区所有按国家计划免疫常规全程接种过乙肝疫苗的7～36月龄婴幼儿,检测其血清乙肝表面抗体(抗-HBs)浓度,对其中100名血清抗-HBs水平较低的婴幼儿进行随机(随机数字表法)、双盲、安慰剂对照的VA干预实验.干预组(50名)采用市售浓缩鱼肝油作为VA补充剂,补充期3个月,每15天补充1次,每次0.5 g浓缩鱼肝油[含25 000 IU VA和2500 IU维生素D2(VD2)],共补充6次;对照组(50名)给予等体积玉米油.在干预实验开始后第30和第60天,给婴幼儿进行乙肝疫苗再免疫接种,第90天采集婴幼儿血清样本.用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定干预实验前后婴幼儿血清视黄醇浓度.用电化学发光免疫分析法(ECLIA)测定血清抗-HBs水平.结果 共有74名婴幼儿完成干预实验,实验组和对照组各37名.干预后,干预组和对照组儿童的血清视黄醇浓度分别为(404.1±123.1)、(240.8±92.8)μg/L(t=6.441,P＜0.01);两组儿童的血清抗-HBs水平分别为(2737.2±2492.6)和(1199.7±2141.6)U/L(t=2.846,P＜0.01).干预组无乙肝疫苗弱、无应答情况(0/37),对照组乙肝疫苗弱、无应答率为10.81%(4/37)(x2=4.229,P=0.040).结论 补充VA可提高儿童乙肝疫苗再免疫后血清抗-HBs水平.

Abstract：

Objective The objective of this study was to observe the interventional effect of cod liver oil supplementation on re-vaccination to hepatitis B virus (HBV) among infants and young children. Methods All 7 -36 months old infants and young children, who had been vaccinated with obligatory HBV vaccines routinely by the national technical and administrative procedures for HBV vaccination on children of China, were convened among villages in Linyi, Shandong province, from October 2008 to March 2009. After detection of serum anti-HBV, one hundred children with lower serum anti-HBV were picked out for the randomized, double blinded, placebo controlled vitamin A supplementation study. The children in the intervention group (50 subjects) took 0. 5 g condensed cod liver oil ( containing 25 000 IU vitamin A and 2500 IU vitamin D2 ) every 15 days for six times. The children in the control group (50 subjects) were given corn oil with same volume. All children were re-vaccinated at the 30th and the 60th day of the experiment. The serum samples were collected from each child at the 90th day of the experiment. Retinol concentration in serum samples was analyzed with HPLC method before and after the intervention. The levels of serum anti-HBs were detected by the electro-chemi-luminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) .Results Total 74 children finished the supplemental experiment and blood collection,37 subjects in each group, respectively. After intervention, the serum retinol level in the experimental and control group were ( 404. 1 ± 123. 1 ) and ( 240. 8 ± 92. 8 ) μg/L ( t = 6. 441, P ＜ 0. 01 ), respectively. The serum anti-HBs levels in the experimental and control group were( 2737.2 ± 2492.6 )and( 1199. 7 ± 2141.6 )U/L ( t =2. 846, P ＜ 0. 01 ), respectively. The rate of weak or no-answer case in experimental and control groups was 0. 00% ( 0/37 ) and 10. 81% ( 4/37 ) ( x2 = 4. 229, P = 0. 040), respectively. Conclusion The results showed that vitamin A supplementation might enhance the re-vaccination reaction against HB vaccine in infants and young children.     

Study to evaluate two dosage regimens of vitamin D through an academic year in middle school girls: a randomized trial

Vitamin D is an essential hormone for growth and development of bones in children. There is a lot of evidence for deficiency of this vitamin in Middle East females. This study conduct to find a way to combat deficiency in girls during rapid growth phase of puberty in academic year. One hundred and two Middle School girls who had not consumed any vitamins supplement have been participated in this randomized clinical trial. They allocated randomly in two case groups who received 50,000 or 100,000 IU vitamin D3 in October and three months later in January or in control group who received vitamin E. At the end of winter blood samples for 25-hydroxyvitamin D were checked. The mean of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were 5.5±1.5 ng/ml, 15.2±6 ng/ml, 23.0±6.8 ng/ml in control, 50,000 and 100,000 IU vitamin D groups respectively (P<0.05). Neither dosage of vitamin D could raise 25-hydroxyvitamin D above 20 ng/ml in all cases. However, none of the students in 100,000 IU of vitamin D3 had severe deficiency in winter. Headache, dizziness, and weakness were the most common complain after vitamin D consumption, but no difference between groups detected (P>0.05). Urine calcium/creatinin ratio was equal in case and control groups (P>0.05). 100,000 IU of vitamin D3 every three months (equal to 800 IU/day) can raise 25-hydroxyvitamin D above 12 ng/ml in all cases but for area with high prevalence of sever deficiency, dosage more than 100,000 IU every three months or shorter interval recommended to achieve optimal level.     

甘肃省某农村地区7~12岁学龄儿童维生素A营养改善研究

目的 调查甘肃省某贫困农村地区7~12岁学龄儿童维生素A （vitamin A,VA）营养状况,对VA营养干预效果进行评价。方法 采用随机整群抽样的方法对甘肃省兰州市两贫困地区的396名7~12岁学龄儿童进行膳食调查、血清VA水平检测。干预组儿童进行VA营养饼干干预,对照组正常饮食,六个月后再次进行血清VA测定。结果 该地区7~12岁儿童膳食VA平均水平为328.45 μgRE,血清VA平均水平为433.19 μg/L,VA缺乏率为4.29%,VA边缘缺乏率为12.37%。干预六个月后,干预组儿童血清VA水平增长值为（44.03±6.48）μg/L,对照组儿童血清VA水平增长值为（6.65±4.34）μg/L,两组差异具有统计学意义（t=56.451,P<0.001）;干预后干预组儿童血清VA缺乏率为1.06%,对照组缺乏率为3.54%,两组差异无统计学意义（χ²=1.610,P=0.204）,干预组血清VA边缘缺乏率为3.53%,对照组血清VA边缘缺乏率为9.73%,差异有统计学意义（χ²=6.183,P=0.013）。结论 甘肃省某农村地区学龄儿童处于VA轻度缺乏状态,补充红棕榈油营养饼干能明显改善儿童VA营养缺乏的状况,这可能成为当地解决儿童VA缺乏问题的有效途径。     

维生素A有预防急性肾盂肾炎后瘢痕形成的作用

目的评估维生素A在预防儿童急性肾盂肾炎后肾瘢痕形成中的作用。方法挑选经临床及二巯基丁酸(DMSA)肾显像扫描确诊的急性肾盂肾炎的儿童进行临床试验研究,86例患者被随机分为两组,实验组接受头孢曲松和维生素A治疗,对照组只接受头孢曲松治疗,疗程6个月。治疗前与6个月后,进行DMSA肾显像扫描,并比较两组之间的肾瘢痕形成及肾损伤的程度。结果共有86例患者(男女比例为17:69)进入本研究,平均年龄为3.7±1.2岁,实验组维生素A的平均水平为67±21μg/dL,对照组为63±28μg/dL。实验前,两组间DMSA扫描肾损伤的程度无明显差异(P>0.05),6个月后DMSA扫描结果显示,与对照组相比,实验组肾功能损伤及瘢痕形成的程度明显改善(P<0.01)。结论维生素A可减少肾盂肾炎肾损伤及瘢痕形成的程度,可用于儿童急性肾盂肾炎的辅助治疗。     

Multinutrient-Fortified Juices Improve Vitamin D and Vitamin E Status in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundProvision of fortified juices may provide a convenient method to maintain and increase blood fat-soluble vitamins.ObjectiveTo determine whether children consuming orange juice fortified with calcium and combinations of vitamins D, E, and A could increase serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], α-tocopherol, and retinol levels.DesignA 12-week randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.Participants/settingOne hundred eighty participants (aged 8.04±1.42 years) were recruited at Tufts (n=70) and Boston University (n=110) during 2005-2006. Of those recruited, 176 children were randomized into three groups: CaD (700 mg calcium+200 IU vitamin D), CaDEA (700 mg calcium+200 IU vitamin D+12 IU vitamin E+2,000 IU vitamin A as beta carotene), or Ca (700 mg calcium). Children consumed two 240-mL glasses of CaD, CaDEA, or Ca fortified orange juice daily for 12 weeks.Main outcome measuresSerum 25(OH)D, α-tocopherol, and retinol concentrations.Statistical analysesChanges in 25(OH)D, α-tocopherol, retinol, and parathyroid hormone concentrations were examined. Covariates included sex, age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and baseline 25(OH)D, α-tocopherol, retinol, or parathyroid hormone levels. Multivariate models and repeated measures analysis of variance tested for group differences with pre–post measures (n=141).ResultsBaseline 25(OH)D was 68.4±27.7 nmol/L (27.4±11.10 ng/mL) ), with 21.7% of participants having inadequate 25(OH)D (<50 nmol/L [20.03 ng/mL]). The CaD group's 25(OH)D increase was greater than that of the Ca group (12.7 nmol/L [5.09 ng/mL], 95% CI 1.3 to 24.1; P=0.029). The CaDEA group's increase in α-tocopherol concentration was greater than that in the Ca or CaD groups (3.79 μmol/L [0.16 μg/mL], 95% CI 2.5 to 5.1 and 3.09 μmol/L [0.13 μg/mL], 95% CI −1.8 to 4.3), respectively (P<0.0001). Retinol levels did not change, and body weight remained as expected for growth.ConclusionsDaily consumption of orange juice providing 200 IU vitamin D and 12 IU vitamin E increased 25(OH)D and α-tocopherol concentrations in young children within 12 weeks.     

补充维生素A对接种麻疹疫苗的学龄儿童IgG抗体水平的影响

目的:探讨补充维生素A(VA)对强化接种麻疹疫苗的学龄儿童产生的麻疹IgG抗体的影响。方法:选珠三角地区某市山区105名小学生,其中53名为补充组,另52名年龄、性别相匹配的儿童作为对照组,两组均接种麻疹疫苗,补充组儿童在接种疫苗的当天开始服用VA(2500IU/d),连续口服1个月,应用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定补充前后和对照组血清中VA含量。用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)间接法测定接种前后麻疹特异性IgG抗体。结果:补充组血清中VA显著升高,为376.5±74.2μg/L,两组接种麻疹疫苗一个月后,VA补充组抗体阳性率由69.8%上升至100.0%,保护率由5.6%上升至60.4%;对照组阳性率由71.2%上升至100.0%,保护率由0%上升为17.4%。麻疹免疫之后,两组的抗体阳性率都大大升高,但VA补充组的保护率比对照组升高明显。结论:补充维生素A对接种麻疹疫苗的学龄儿童(特别是缺乏VA的儿童)所产生的抗体水平升高起到明显的促进作用。