髌骨置换与否对全膝关节置换效果的影响

目的评价髌骨置换与否对全膝关节表面置换的影响。方法对2000年1月至2001年6月间行膝关节表面置换的165例病人随机分为髌骨置换组和不置换组。置换组均采用同一种膝关节假体系统，由同组医生完成，术前和随访时评价HSS评分、髌骨评分和髌骨适合角、髌骨高度等影像学结果。所有评价均采用双盲的方式。结果在HSS评分和髌骨评分方面，两组无统计学差异。影像学评价两组无统计学差异。髌骨置换组的手术时间明显长于非置换组。结论对于骨关节炎病人，不置换和置换髌骨临床效果相当，影像学表现无明显区别。但置换组的手术时间更长。不论置换与否，手术时应注意对下肢力线的矫正。     

髌骨置换在全膝关节置换中的作用

骨关节炎患者全膝关节置换时,是否应进行髌骨置换,一直是争论的焦点。有人反对．有人支持,还有人认为两者并无差别。本文从髌骨置换的两大分歧、临床效果、手术技巧、患者筛选标准和假体设计等方面进行综述,有利于加深对髌骨处理问题的认识。     

髌骨置换与否对全膝关节置换术疗效影响的Meta分析

[目的]系统评价髌骨置换与不置换髌骨的全膝关节置换术的术后疗效.[方法]收集1966～2010发表的所有比较髌骨置换与不置换髌骨伞膝关节置换后疗效的随机对照试验,对其逐个进行质量评价,提取关于置换后再手术率、前膝痛发生率、患者满意率及各种评分系统测评的膝关节评分的改善,并作系统评价.[结果]11个随机对照试验共纳入1 473例膝,置换髌骨与未置换组的再次手术率差异有显著性意义(相对危险度=0.54,95%可信区间为0.35～0.84);未置换髌骨组再次接受手术的概率比较大.置换髌骨与未置换组的置换后前膝疼痛发生率差异有显著性意义(相对危险度=0.53,95%可信区间为0.39～0.71).置换髌骨与未置换组的术后患者满意率差异无显著性意义(相对危险度=1.14,95%可信区间为0.74～1.76).置换髌骨与未置换组的术后KSS评分差异无显著性意义(加权均数差=1.15,95%可信区间为-0.23～2.53).[结论]置换髌骨的全膝关节置换术中,远期随访再手术率、置换后前膝痛发生率低于未置换髌骨组,患者满意率及置换后膝关节KSS评分方面,两种髌骨处理方式无显著性差异.由于纳入文献质量差异较大,对此结论的解释应保持谨慎.     

全膝关节置换术髌骨置换与否的比较

目的回顾性分析、比较全膝关节置换术髌骨置换与否的疗效及优缺点,为临床治疗提供参考。方法自1994年1月～2000年12月间住院治疗的骨关节炎及类风湿性关节炎患者86例(109膝)。对髌骨置换和未置换的两组患者进行随访,膝关节评分采用美国HSS评分系统,髌骨评分采用Feller等的髌骨评分标准。随访时拍摄膝关节正、侧位及髌骨30°、90°轴位X线片。结果使用SPSS统计软件进行统计学分析。结果置换组与未置换组术后疗效及并发症的发生率无明显差异,髌骨功能评分差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。置换组部分功能(上下楼梯及从椅子上坐起)略好于未置换组,未置换组术后膝前痛的发生率高于置换组,但多为轻度,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。术后髌骨不稳定和半脱位的发生率无统计学差异。结论髌骨不稳定的发生与术前畸形明显及术前髌骨外侧偏移倾向有关,是造成未置换组膝前痛的因素之一。未置换组髌骨不稳定与髌骨分型有关,建议如果术前拍摄髌骨轴位X线片时发现髌骨属于Ⅲ型者应置换髌骨。     

人工全膝关节置换术中髌骨置换的临床研究

目的通过与非髌骨置换比较,探讨髌骨置换对人工全膝关节置换术疗效的影响。方法将2010年9月-11月符合选择标准的63例(63膝)拟行人工全膝关节置换术的骨关节炎患者随机分为两组,其中32例关节置换术中行髌骨置换(置换组),31例不作置换(非置换组)。两组患者性别、年龄、病程、骨关节炎分级、美国膝关节协会评分系统(KSS)标准临床评分及关节功能评分、髌骨评分、髌骨倾斜角、胫股角及髌韧带比值等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。术后6周及3、6、12个月对疗效进行临床及影像学评定。结果两组患者术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,置换组6例、非置换组8例出现下肢深静脉血栓形成。患者均获12个月随访。置换组术后3、6、12个月时膝前疼痛发生率均低于非置换组(P<0.05)。两组术后各时间点KSS临床评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);除术后6周及3个月,其余各时间点置换组关节功能评分明显高于非置换组(P<0.05)。两组髌骨评分除术后12个月外,其余各时间点组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。X线片复查示,两组均无髌骨骨折、髌骨脱位、髌骨不稳、假体松动及断裂发生;术后12个月两组股胫角、髌韧带比值、髌骨倾斜角比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论人工全膝关节置换术中行髌骨置换可以一定程度改善膝关节功能评分、髌骨评分及降低术后膝前疼痛的发生率。     

膝关节置换术中髌骨置换与非髌骨置换比较的Meta分析

[目的]系统评价全膝关节置换术中髌骨置换与否对术后疗效的影响,为临床治疗提供参考。[方法]全面搜索国内外关于膝关节置换术中髌骨置换和非髌骨置换的随机对照研究资料,按照既定的纳入、排除标准,核定检出符合评价标准的文献,提取所需研究数据,采用RevMan 4.2软件进行Meta分析。[结果]纳入随机对照研究16篇,共计1 922例膝关节置换术。Meta分析结果显示,髌骨置换组术后5年内发生膝前痛的风险降低,加权后RR=0.53,95%CI(0.30,0.94),但5年后二者无明显统计学差异。髌骨置换组术后5年以上发生再手术的风险低,加权后RR=0.35,95%CI(0.18,0.66),但5年内二者无明显统计学差异。膝关节KSS评分不论是亚组分析还是总体分析,均无统计学差异。总体分析结果,KSS评分加权均数差值为0.44,95%CI(-1.22,2.09)。[结论]全膝关节置换术中髌骨置换与非髌骨置换相比,术后5年内膝前痛发生率低,术后5年以上再手术的风险低,关节评分无明显差别。髌骨置换与非髌骨置换的优劣仍需大规模多中心的RCT来进一步研究。     

全膝关节置换术中髌骨处理

全膝关节置换术中是否进行髌骨置换仍有争论,术后膝前疼痛及髌股关节并发症是争论的焦点.膝前疼痛是多种因素共同作用的结果,不能简单地归咎为髌骨置换与否.全膝关节置换时是否置换髌骨应考虑原发病、病变程度、假体类型及患者活动量和体重等诸多因素.如果行髌骨置换,精湛的外科技术、合适的假体是全膝关节置换术后髌股关节并发症减少的关键;如果不行髌骨置换,患者的筛选标准是保证手术疗效的关键.     

全膝关节置换术中是否置换髌骨的比较

在人工膝关节置换术中，是否置换髌骨仍是一个有争议的问题。虽然多数学者认为对炎性关节炎应进行髌骨置换，但对骨性关节炎髌骨是否置换仍有争议。我们对2001年1月至2004年12月在我院行全膝关节置换术的62例（82膝）骨性关节炎患者进行回顾性研究，比较了置换与未置换髌骨患者的疗效。     

髌骨合理设计在全膝关节置换中的临床效果

目的探讨髌骨合理设计后重塑在全膝关节置换(TKA)中的临床效果。方法根据股骨假体滑动轨迹及所需置换髌骨的形态,对56例TKA患者(72膝)术中进行髌骨合理设计并重塑,观察患者术后的关节活动度及疼痛情况,用KSS膝关节评分系统评定治疗效果。结果 56例均获得随访,时间6~18个月。仅1例患者膝关节活动度70°,活动较差,但疼痛明显减轻;其余患者屈曲活动度在0°~110°。KSS评分:优69膝,良2膝,中1膝,优良率达到98.6%。结论术中根据股骨假体滑动轨迹对髌骨合理设计并重塑,可以使未进行髌骨置换的TKA患者取得满意的治疗效果。     

全膝置换术中髌骨置换的适应证探讨

人工全膝关节置换时是否进行髌骨置换，经过20余年的探讨，依然没有定论。大量的临床研究并未表明全部置换、全不置换、选择置换中哪一种置换方式更具优势。我们就近年来这方面的研究结果作一综述，以供临床参考。     

Patellar Resurfacing in Total Knee Arthroplasty: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background

Patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty remains controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate this technique through an analysis of comparative studies in the current literature.

Patellar Resurfacing in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Background

This study estimates the cost-effectiveness of patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

保留髌骨型全膝关节置换术的中期疗效

目的评价膝关节退变性骨关节炎行保留髌骨型全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)后膝前痛发生率、临床功能及髌骨软骨退变等级对临床疗效的影响。方法回顾分析2006年2月至2009年2月采用保留髌骨型TKA治疗151例(151膝)膝关节退变性骨关节炎患者的临床资料。其中男59例,女92例;平均年龄72.3岁(56~82岁)。髌骨软骨退变等级采用Outerbridge分级标准、术后膝前痛采用VAS评分、临床功能采用美国膝关节学会评分(the knee society scale,KSS)和髌骨评分(Patellar scores,PS)。结果平均随访时间(6.4±1.8)年。所有患者切口达Ⅰ期愈合。髌骨软骨退变等级:Ⅰ级18例,Ⅱ级36例,Ⅲ级62例,Ⅳ级35例。末次随访时,6例(4.0%)患者有膝前疼痛,其中轻度疼痛4例,中度2例,无重度疼痛。患者平均KSS评分由术前(82.6±9.3)分提高到术后(169.8±13.2)分;患者平均PS由术前(10.5±3.3)分提高到术后(27.8±4.5)分。不同髌骨软骨退变不影响术后膝前痛发生率(χ2=0.42,P=0.94)、KSS评分(膝评分:F=1.83,P=20.14;功能评分:F=0.56,P=20.64)和PS评分(F=0.78,P=20.51)。结论膝关节退变性骨关节炎行保留髌骨型TKA术可取得满意的临床疗效,髌骨软骨退变等级不影响临床疗效。     

Patellar Denervation Reduces Postoperative Anterior Knee Pain After Patellar Resurfacing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundThe benefit of patellar denervation (PD) in patellar resurfacing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is still debatable. This prospective, randomized controlled trial investigated whether circumferential PD should be performed in patellar resurfacing TKA.MethodsA total of 241 patients who underwent unilateral TKA were randomized into PD or non-PD groups. Incidence, intensity, and presentation time of anterior knee pain (AKP) and clinical outcomes were evaluated at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months postoperatively.ResultsThe incidence of AKP was significantly lower in the PD group (6.4% vs 16.2%, P = .032). The intensity of AKP and patient satisfaction scores were significantly better in the PD group at 3 months but not after 3 months. The presentation time of AKP mostly occurs at 3 months after surgery. The Knee Society score, range of motion, Oxford score, patellar score, activity of daily living score, and visual analog scale of overall knee pain were not significantly different between the two groups during the follow-up period.ConclusionGiven that PD can improve AKP and patient satisfaction at an early period postoperatively without jeopardizing clinical outcomes at no additional cost, this inexpensive procedure readily available in nearly every operation room is strongly recommended during primary TKA with patellar resurfacing.     

Patellar Denervation in Total Knee Arthroplasty Without Patellar Resurfacing and Postoperative Anterior Knee Pain: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate whether patellar denervation with electrocautery (PD) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) could reduce the postoperative anterior knee pain (AKP). Five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 572 patients and 657 knees were eligible for this meta-analysis. Our results showed that PD was associated with less AKP, lower visual analogue scale (VAS), higher patellar scores and better knee function compared with no patellar denervation (NPD). Complications did not differ significantly between the two groups. The existing evidence indicates that PD may be a better approach, as it improves both anterior knee pain and knee function after TKA. Future multi-center randomized controlled studies with large sample sizes are required to verify the current findings.     

Routine Patellar Resurfacing During Total Knee Arthroplasty Is Not Cost-Effective in Patients Without Patellar Arthritis

BackgroundCurrently, the decision to resurface the patella is often made irrespective of the presence of patellar arthritis. The purpose of this study is to utilize the existing literature to assess cost-utility of routinely vs selectively resurfacing the patella.MethodsProspective randomized studies of patella resurfacing vs non-resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were identified through literature review. Data from these studies represented probabilities of varied outcomes following TKA dependent upon patella resurfacing. Using previously validated utility scores from the McKnee modified Health Utilities Index, endpoint utility values were provided for each potential outcome.ResultsLiterature review yielded a total of 14 studies with 3,562 patients receiving 3,823 TKAs, of which 1,873 (49.0%) patellae were resurfaced. Persistent postoperative anterior knee pain occurred in 20.9% vs 13.2% (P < .001) and patella reoperation was performed in 3.7% vs 1.6% (P < .001) of unresurfaced and resurfaced patella, respectively. In studies excluding those with arthritic patellae, the incidence of anterior knee pain was equivalent between groups and reoperation decreased to 1.2% vs 0% (P = .06). Patella resurfacing provided marginally improved quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) for both selective and indiscriminate patella resurfacing. When including all studies, the incremental cost per QALY was $3,032. However, when analyzing only those studies with nonarthritic patellae, the incremental cost per QALY to resurface the patella increased to $183,584.ConclusionPatellar resurfacing remains a controversial issue in TKA. Utilizing data from new prospective randomized studies, this analysis finds that routinely resurfacing arthritis-free patellae in TKA are not cost-effective.     

Onlay Patellar Resurfacing in a Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty Increases Patellar Crepitus Complication: A Randomized,Controlled Trial

BackgroundPatellar crepitus (PC) is a potentially problematic complication after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) more commonly occurring with a posterior-stabilized (PS) prosthesis. Patellar resurfacing has been reported to reduce PC complications; however, no study has compared the PC complication rates between 2 different resurfacing techniques, namely inlay and onlay.MethodsA prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the PC complication between inlay and onlay patellar resurfacing techniques. A total of 222 patients who underwent unilateral TKA using a Legion PS Total Knee System were randomized into 2 groups. PC incidence, time of PC presentation, radiographic parameters associated with PC development, and clinical outcomes were evaluated at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months postoperatively.ResultsPC occurred significantly more in the onlay group (17.9% vs 6.5%, P = .009). Time of PC presentation in both groups was not different. Anterior knee pain was found in 11.5% of PC patients, and none required any surgical procedure. Postoperative radiographic parameters, range of motion, Knee Society score, Oxford score, patellar score, incidence and intensity of anterior knee pain, and visual analog scale of overall knee pain were not significantly different between the 2 groups during the follow-up period.ConclusionTo reduce the chance of PC development, we suggest an inlay patellar resurfacing technique during PS-TKA with this knee system.     

The Impact of Patellar Resurfacing in Two-Stage Revision of the Infected Total Knee Arthroplasty

Evidence for optimal management of the patellofemoral joint in revision surgery for the infected TKA is limited. We reviewed 69 infected TKAs undergoing two-stage revision. Fifty four patellae were resurfaced, 11 had patelloplasty performed, two were augmented with trabecular metal, one had impaction grafting, and one knee underwent patellectomy. Average follow-up was 4.5 years. The patients that received patellar resurfacing at re-implantation experienced statistically significant improvements in KSS pain score, functional KSS, and patellar score (P < 0.03). One further patient treated with impaction grafting improved significantly in terms of pain and function. Patients treated with patelloplasty, trabecular metal augmentation, or patellectomy did not have significant improvements in clinical or functional outcome. Patient age, use of dynamic vs. static spacer, use of extensor mechanism release, and differences in Charlson index did not seem to statistically affect outcome. We recommend that every effort should be made to minimize patellar bone loss in first stage resection, as inability to resurface the patella at time of reimplantation may adversely affect patient outcome.