乙型肝炎转基因小鼠品系C57-TgN(HBV adr2.0)SMMU的生物学特征

目的：评价乙肝转基因小鼠品系C57－TgN(HBV adr2.0)SMMU生物学特征的稳定性。方法：以F6代乙肝转基因小鼠C57－TgN(HBV adr2.0)SMMU为研究对象，采用基因组DNA PCR，血清ELISA检测，Western印迹分析，免疫组织化学，血清DNA PCR，透射电镜和H－E染色的方法分析HBV基因在转基因小鼠中的整合，表达，复制和组织这变化。结果：F6代乙肝转基因小鼠基因组中稳定整合有HBV基因，肝组织中可检测用HBsAg,HBcAg和X蛋白3种病毒蛋白，血清中HBsAg和HBeAg的表达率分别为19．54％和3．39％，且在血清和肝组织中存在病毒NA和病毒样颗粒；长期的病毒DNA整合，表达和复制可以引起转基因小鼠肝，肺等组织的病理性损伤。结论：乙肝转基因小鼠品系C57－TgN(HBV adr2.0)SMMU具有基因组中稳定整合病毒DNA，血清和肝组织中有病毒蛋白表达和病毒复制的特征，并具有一定的组织这变化，作为生物医药研究的实验动物模型具有推广应用价值。     

单克隆抗体诱发乙肝转基因小鼠肝组织损伤

目的：诱导整合有乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）全基因组、无病理学反应的转基因小鼠产生病理学改变，建立研究急性肝炎发生机制及治疗药物筛选的转基因动物模型。方法：采用尾静脉注射方法将3种HBV单克隆抗体HBsAb、HBeAb、HBcAb分别或混合导入整合有HBV全基因组的转基因小鼠体内，使之与体内的抗原结合产生免疫学反应，随后进行血清学及常规病理学的研究。结果：3种单克隆抗体单独或混合处理均引起HBV转基因小鼠肝细胞的病理学损伤，以HBsAb及HBsAb HBcAb混合处理组损伤较为严重；但小鼠血清转氨酶基本表现正常。结论：体液免疫反应可以诱导HBV转基因小鼠组织细胞发生损伤，并产生与急性肝炎相似症状的病理学改变，HBsAb及HBsAb HBcAb处理的HBV转基因小鼠可以作为研究急性肝炎发生机制的动物模型。     

乙型肝炎病毒纯合子转基因小鼠(adr 1.2)的培育

目的：通过遗传学育种使外源基因整合位点随机的HBV转基因小鼠成为单一整合位点的纯合子转基因小鼠。方法：产生founder小鼠以后,将正常小鼠与转基因小鼠交配,通过PCR,Dot-blotting,Southern-blotting等方法检测 HBV DNA在转基因小鼠体内的整合状况,阳性率达50％左右后,进行近亲交配。结果：共得到了7代HBV转基因小鼠,其中包含有整合HBV基因纯合子的转基因小鼠。结论：外源基因在转基因小鼠体内可以稳定遗传,并得到了整合有HBV基因的纯合子转基因小鼠。 目的：通过遗传学育种使外源基因整合位点随机的HBV转基因小鼠成为单一整合位点的纯合子转基因小鼠。方法：产生founder小鼠以后,将正常小鼠与转基因小鼠交配,通过PCR,Dot-blotting,Southern-blotting等方法检测 HBV DNA在转基因小鼠体内的整合状况,阳性率达50％左右后,进行近亲交配。结果：共得到了7代HBV转基因小鼠,其中包含有整合HBV基因纯合子的转基因小鼠。结论：外源基因在转基因小鼠体内可以稳定遗传,并得到了整合有HBV基因的纯合子转基因小鼠。 目的：通过遗传学育种使外源基因整合位点随机的HBV转基因小鼠成为单一整合位点的纯合子转基因小鼠。方法：产生founder小鼠以后,将正常小鼠与转基因小鼠交配,通过PCR,Dot-blotting,Southern-blotting等方法检测 HBV DNA在转基因小鼠体内的整合状况,阳性率达50％左右后,进行近亲交配。结果：共得到了7代HBV转基因小鼠,其中包含有整合HBV基因纯合子的转基因小鼠。结论：外源基因在转基因小鼠体内可以稳定遗传,并得到了整合有HBV基因的纯合子转基因小鼠。     

乙肝病毒X蛋白增强小鼠体内HBV的转录及复制

目的 观察小鼠体内乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)X蛋白(HBx)对HBV基因转录和复制水平的影响.方法 应用高压射体内转染法将野生型HBV重组质粒、HBx表达缺失的HBV重组质粒及HBx表达质粒DNA通过尾静脉快速注射入小鼠体内,应用Southern和Northem印迹分别检测小鼠肝组织中HBV DNA复制中间体及HBV mRNA水平.结果 野生型HBx表达缺失的HBV重组质粒注射组小鼠肝组织中均检测到HBV的复制与转录;HBx表达缺失的HBV重组质粒注射组HBV基因转录和复制水平较野生型HBV重组质粒注射组、HBx表达缺失HBV重组质粒与HBx表达质粒共注注射组弱,生理盐水注射组未检测到HBV的转录与复制.结论 HBx的表达缺失可导致体内HBV基因转录和复制水平的下降,而外源HBx的表达可逆转这种因HBx表达缺失引起的HBV复制及转录的减弱,提示HBx增强小鼠体内HBV基因转录和复制.     

C基因型HBV转基因小鼠的制备

目的: 建立C型HBV转基因小鼠,为乙肝防治研究提供实验动物模型.方法: 采用受精卵显微注射法,制备HBV转基因小鼠,用PCR,ELISA,荧光定量PCR和免疫组化的方法研究HBV基因在转基因小鼠体内的整合、复制和表达情况.结果: 注射受精卵2840枚,筛选注射后成活的受精卵共2256枚,注射成活率79.4%.注射后受精卵共移植假孕雌鼠85只,其中有42只怀孕,假孕雌鼠妊娠率49%,共产下F0代小鼠168只,PCR检测共有14只小鼠阳性,其中ELISA检测血清HBsAg阳性5只,HBeAg均阴性.荧光定量PCR血清HBV DNA显示,2只小鼠的拷贝数分别为3.12×105copies/L,1.98×105copies/L,经传代产下F1代小鼠61只,PCR检测HBV DNA阳性5只,ELISA检测HBsAg阳性4只,其中肝脏HBsAg免疫组化阳性2只,HBcAg均阴性,且肝组织表达HBsAg为胞浆型.结论: 构建的C型HBV基因不但可以在转基因小鼠体内进行复制表达,而且可以遗传给下一代小鼠.     

庚型肝炎病毒E2蛋白在转基因小鼠细胞内的定位及致病性研究

目的 :在已建成庚型肝炎病毒 (HGV)转基因小鼠模型的基础上 ,研究 HGV包膜蛋白 E2在转基因小鼠体内的表达及定位 ,并探讨 HGV在转基因小鼠体内是否引起病理学改变。 方法 :取小鼠的器官组织用免疫组织化学方法 ,以 HGV E2蛋白的单克隆抗体对 HGV包膜蛋白 E2的表达进行分析和定位。通过血清 AL T检测及常规病理学技术观察转基因小鼠不同器官的病理学变化。 结果 :免疫组织化学结果表明 ,HGV E2主要表达于转基因小鼠肝细胞膜 ,少量表达于胞质内 ;肾脏、心脏、肺及脾脏均未呈现 E2蛋白的阳性反应。组织病理学检查显示转基因小鼠的肝细胞出现水样变性、脂肪变性及淋巴细胞浸润等轻度炎性反应 ,这些变化不随年龄增长而加重 ;其他组织的病理学检查无异常。转基因小鼠血清转氨酶 AL T与对照小鼠无明显差异。 结论 :HGV包膜蛋白 E2的表达具有相对的嗜肝性 ,主要分布在转基因小鼠的肝细胞膜 ,并可引起轻度肝细胞损伤。     

乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原转基因小鼠的建立

目的：建立乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原（ayw亚型）转基因小鼠模型。方法：采用受精卵显微注射的方法制备转基因小鼠，以PCR、免疫组化和H－E染色法分析导入基因在小鼠基因组中的整合，肝脏中的表达及肝组织的病理变化。结果：得到6只基因组中整合了核心抗原基因的首建者（founder）小鼠，其中1只在肝细胞核和胞浆均有HBcAg的表达。将肝脏中表达的小鼠继续传代，F1代10只小鼠中的4只小鼠肝细胞有HBcAg的表达。结论：建立了乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原转基因小鼠，核心抗原基因能够在小鼠肝脏中表达，并且可以遗传。     

乙型肝炎病毒preS2蛋白在转基因小鼠肝脏中的表达

目的：分析乙型肝炎病毒preS2蛋白在3’末端缺失的preS/S基因转基因小鼠肝脏中的分布及其病理学作用。方法：采用原核显微注射法将质粒pcDNA3.1-preS/S^t注射入小鼠受精卵雄原核，制备转基因小鼠。PCR法在基因组小平筛选3’末端缺失的preS/S基因转基因小鼠首建者（founder）及后代；免疫组织化学法在蛋白水平检测preS2蛋白在这些小鼠中的表达；H－E染色分析转基因小鼠肝组织的病理学变化。结果：以原核显微注射法将目的片段注射入受精卵雄原核后，共出生15只新生小鼠，其中存活7只，经PCR检测后获得2只founder转基因小鼠，命名为C57－TgN(preS/S^t）SMMU。免疫组织化学检测发现转基因小鼠肝细胞质中有preS2蛋白表达，H－E染色发现转基因小鼠肝组织中央静脉周围有淋巴细胞聚集。将这2只转基因小鼠与正常同系异性小鼠交配，进行传代培育，PCR法筛选阳性转基因小鼠，目前已传至F2代。结论：本研究成功建立了稳定遗传3’末端缺失的preS/S基因并表达preS2蛋白的转基因小鼠C57－TgN(preS/S^t)SMMU，它将是体内研究3’末端缺失的preS/S基因的表达产物在体内的生物学作用及其与肝细胞内细胞癌基因的转录激活之间关系的理想动物模型。     

HBV基因在第20代HBV转基因小鼠中的复制和表达

目的研究HBV基因在已传20代BALB／c-TgN（HBV D型1．3）SWS458小鼠中复制和表达情况。方法采用PCR荧光定量检测法、ELISA检测和免疫组化的方法研究HBV基因在转基因小鼠体内的复制和表达情况。结果F20代BALB／c-TgN（HBVD型1．3）SWB458小鼠血清HBVDNA为（104—106）copy／mL，HBsAg表达量为（124．41±33．46）ng/mL，preS1和HBcAg的OD值分别为0．248±0．076和0．635±0．338。肝组织有HBsAg和HBcAg表达，且HBsAg为胞浆型，HBcAg为核型。结论经过筛选和培育，本转基因小鼠传至20代时HBV基因复制表达稳定，表明我们已经获得一个传代表达稳定的HBV转基因小鼠品系。     

HBV转基因在C57-TgN(HBVadr2.0)SMMU3小鼠基因组中的整合分析

目的:分析HBV转基因在乙肝转基因小鼠C57 TgN(HBVadr2.0)SMMU"3号"品系基因组中的整合特征.方法:以F6～F17代乙肝转基因小鼠C57 TgN(HBVadr2.0)SMMU为研究对象,采用基因组DNA PCR、Southern印迹和DNA测序的方法,分析HBV转基因在该品系转基因小鼠基因组中的整合特征.结果:PCR分析显示,F6～F17代乙肝转基因小鼠基因组中均已稳定整合了相同拷贝数的HBV转基因,整合的HBV DNA可通过生殖系在世代间稳定遗传.整合在转基因小鼠基因组中的HBV DNA含有HBVpres、s、c、x基因,Southern印迹证实HBV转基因含有全长HBV基因组DNA,DNA测序结果表明,该品系转基因小鼠所整合的转基因为adr亚型的HBV DNA.结论:C57-TgN(HBVadr2.0)SMMU"3号"品系转基因小鼠基因组中均整合有adr亚型的全长HBV基因组DNA,从DNA水平证实该转基因小鼠品系已具备了乙肝实验动物模型的基本条件.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.