卵巢淋巴管的微细分布

目的：进一步明确卵巢淋巴管的微细分布。材料和方法：成年雌性非妊娠家兔１１只、大鼠１１只和豚鼠１０只，灌注固定后取卵巢，用半薄切片光镜观察和超薄切片电镜观察的方法研究其淋巴管。结果：家兔卵巢淋巴管的检出率最高，大鼠的最低；但淋巴管的分布情况三种动物基本一致。即在卵巢皮质仅于成熟卵泡的卵泡膜外层和黄体内存有毛细淋巴管，而在卵巢髓质既有丰富的毛细淋巴管，又有淋巴管，在卵巢被膜未见到毛细淋巴管和淋巴管。结     

小肠壁内淋巴管的微细分布

用半薄切片光镜观察和超微切片电镜观察，研究了家兔和豚鼠小肠壁内淋巴管的微细分布特点。结果表明：家兔和豚鼠小肠壁内淋巴管起自粘膜层的中央乳糜管，向下注入粘膜层或粘膜下层毛细淋巴管网。在小肠壁的粘膜下层、肌层和浆膜层均有毛细淋巴管和淋巴管。家兔小肠壁淋巴管检出率（７０％）明显高于豚鼠的（４１．３％）。于小肠壁各层内，粘膜层检出率最高（６８．３１％），粘膜下层次之（２５．５７％），肌层较少（５．３３％）     

盲肠壁内淋巴管的微细分布

本文用淋巴管注射以及光镜和电镜观察方法研究３７例新生儿盲肠壁内淋巴管的微细分布。在盲肠壁各层均有毛细淋巴管网，但淋巴管仅见于粘膜下层、肌层和浆膜层。回肠和阑尾的毛细淋巴管和淋巴管可直接与盲肠的相通。     

家兔输卵管淋巴管的微细分布和超微结构

用半薄切片光镜观察和超薄切片电镜观察的方法研究了家兔输卵管淋巴管的微细分布及超微结构，并应用多功能医学图像分析技术测定了毛细淋巴管内皮细胞内小泡的分布密度、平均最大直径、体密度和数密度。结果表明：输卵管的粘膜层、肌层及浆膜层均存有毛细淋巴管，除粘膜层外，还存在淋巴管；输卵管毛细淋巴管具有毛细淋巴管超微结构的一般特点，其内皮细胞间的连接方式有三种，即插入连接，重叠连接和端端连接，有粘着装置的占１７．     

喉癌淋巴管的微细分布和超微结构的观察

目的观察喉癌淋巴管的微细分布和超微结构特征,为探讨喉癌淋巴转移机制提供形态学依据。方法采用5′-核苷酸酶-碱性磷酸酶双重染色法(5′-Nase-ALP)、半薄切片光镜观察、超薄切片电镜观察。结果喉癌组织中心区未见淋巴管,癌周边区和正常区组织内存在毛细淋巴管,与正常区比较,周边区组织内淋巴管数量增多,管腔扩大,形态不规则。淋巴管内皮细胞连接开放增多,并可见部分内皮细胞破裂溶解,管壁不完整,毛细淋巴管内皮细胞变性,细胞器发生明显改变。正常区毛细淋巴管的形态和超微结构未见明显改变。结论喉癌淋巴管的分布及超微结构的改变与喉肿瘤细胞经淋巴道转移密切相关,因而为进一步探讨喉癌颈淋巴结转移的机制以及防治提供了理论依据。     

羊心室淋巴管的分布及微细结构研究

用光镜和透射电镜对山羊心室淋巴管的分布和微细结构进行了研究.光镜下显示心外膜下有丰富的淋巴管网,心肌层淋巴管较少,两心室心内膜下近浦肯野氏纤维网处、室间隔右侧及乳头肌处淋巴管网丰富.左心室心内膜下淋巴管较少.电镜下显示毛细淋巴管内皮细胞有许多伸向管腔的突起,胞突间有各种不同的连接方式,基膜断续存在.胞质中有许多大小不等的吞噬小泡、散在的核糖体和粗面内质网,线粒体较小且不多见.     

胰淋巴管的微细分布

为探讨胰小叶内是否存在淋巴管，用５′－核苷酸酶－碱性磷酸酶双重染色，半薄、超薄切片，光镜和电镜下观察了兔胰淋巴管的微细分布。结果表明，胰的淋巴管仅见于胰小叶间的结缔组织内。在胰小叶内，包括胰岛内均无淋巴管，只见到丰富的血管     

肿瘤转移相关蛋白1的表达与人直肠癌组织淋巴管转移及预后关系

目的观察肿瘤转移相关蛋白1(MTA1)与直肠癌淋巴结转移及预后的关系,探讨MTA1在直肠癌发生发展过程中的作用。方法应用免疫组化法和实时荧光定量PCR方法检测MTA1在45例人直肠癌和20例直肠息肉组织中的表达,并结合临床病理特征和生存资料进行相关分析。结果直肠癌组织中MTA1蛋白及mRNA的表达较直肠息肉组显著增加(P<0.05),MTA1表达与直肠癌淋巴结转移、Dukes临床分期密切相关(P<0.05)。MTA1阳性表达与生存率负相关(P<0.05)。结论 MTA1高表达促进直肠癌淋巴结转移,检测MTA1表达可成为直肠癌预后不良的重要指标。     

家兔喉淋巴管的微细分布

目的进一步明确家兔喉淋巴管的微细分布。方法采用5′-核苷酸酶-碱性磷酸酶双重染色法(5′-Nase-ALP),半薄切片光镜观察,超薄切片电镜观察。结果喉壁除韧带和软骨层外,其粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层和外膜均可见毛细淋巴管和淋巴管,其分布的密度不同。喉各分区淋巴管分布具有显著差异,其中以会厌喉面分布密度最高,声襞淋巴管的分布密度最低。在喉的三个间隙即会厌前间隙、声门旁间隙和任克氏间隙中均存在淋巴管,但检出率较低。结论喉壁除韧带和软骨层外,其余各层均存在毛细淋巴管和淋巴管,喉各分区淋巴管分布密度不同。     

大鼠胰淋巴管的微细分布

采用半薄切片光镜观察和超薄切片电镜观察方法研究了大鼠胰淋巴管的微细分布。结果证明 ,在胰小叶内包括胰岛内及其周围均不存在毛细淋巴管和淋巴管而有丰富的血管 ;胰的毛细淋巴管和淋巴管仅见于小叶间的结缔组织内。     

人胰腺癌淋巴管的分布及形态观察

目的观察人胰腺癌淋巴管的分布及形态结构,探讨胰腺癌淋巴道转移机制。方法取手术后人胰腺癌标本21例,应用免疫组化染色法LYVE-1标记淋巴管进行淋巴管计数,半薄切片光镜观察和超薄切片透射电镜观察胰腺癌组织淋巴管的形态及分布特点。结果胰腺癌组织中LYVE-1染色阳性的脉管具有淋巴管的形态学特征,可见癌周组织的微淋巴管数量较癌旁"正常区"有所增加(P<0.01);半薄切片光镜下可见癌周边区和"正常区"淋巴管存在,癌中心区未见有淋巴管;电镜下癌周边区淋巴管内皮细胞连接开放,部分内皮细胞破裂溶解,管壁不完整。淋巴管内皮细胞的线粒体、高尔基体等细胞器改变。结论胰腺癌组织淋巴管主要位于癌周围浸润区的纤维结缔组织中,且淋巴管数量较癌旁"正常区"增多,淋巴管内皮超微结构改变。胰腺癌淋巴管转移可能通过增多的淋巴管的内皮连接开放和对内皮细胞的破坏溶解作用进入淋巴管管壁。     

小鼠胃癌组织及淋巴管的光镜观察

目的观察小鼠胃癌组织及淋巴管的形态特征,为探讨胃癌淋巴道转移的特点和机制供形态学依据。方法苯并荜灌胃构建小鼠胃癌模型,24周摘取肿瘤,HE染色和LYVE-1免疫组化染色,观察癌组织及淋巴管的形态、分布特点。结果实验组24周时肿瘤发生率较高,癌肿直径不等,表面凸凹不平、质硬,成浸润性生长。光镜下以鳞癌多见,其次腺癌,癌细胞由黏膜层浸润至粘膜下层或肌层,少数到浆膜层。在癌周边区可见染成棕黄色扩张的毛细淋巴管和淋巴管,部分管壁被破坏,其内可见癌细胞和炎性细胞。胃癌组织内淋巴管的数量和管径均大于正常区。结论苯并荜灌胃诱发昆明小鼠胃癌为鳞癌或腺癌。胃癌组织内淋巴管的数量和管径均大于正常区,为癌细胞淋巴道转移提供了更多机会。     

宫颈癌周边区淋巴管形态学观察及其意义

目的:观察人宫颈癌周边区淋巴管的形态、分布特点,探讨癌淋巴道转移机制。方法:将临床手术切除的宫颈癌组织,按癌组织中心区、周边区及正常区取材,采用LYVE-1免疫组化法、半薄切片光镜观察法,对宫颈癌淋巴管的形态分布和癌组织进行了形态学观察。结果:光镜下可见癌细胞已突破基底膜并向间质浸润。宫颈正常区粘膜层缺少淋巴管,癌周组织有较多的淋巴管,并可见淋巴管扩张,管壁模糊破损。统计癌周边区微淋巴管的面密度(0.25±0.06)、数密度(7.97±1.88)的结果表明均高于正常区(0.13±0.04)和(3.50±0.52()P<0.01)。结论:宫颈癌周边区淋巴管数量和形态的改变,为癌细胞进入淋巴管提供了形态学基础。     

小隐静脉旁淋巴管的应用解剖

目的　研究小隐静脉旁淋巴管的解剖特征,为临床应用提供解剖学基础。  方法　成人新鲜尸体3具,截取3对下肢。外踝后皮内注入少量双氧水,真皮下找到淋巴管,将显影剂经30G注射针注入,使其显影,追踪并显示小隐静脉旁淋巴管的走行,同时进行拍照及X线摄像,依次到达小腿及腘窝。  结果　小隐静脉旁均可见内侧支和外侧支集合淋巴管,有的始于外踝后区真皮下,有的始于小腿后下部。淋巴管沿小隐静脉两侧蜿蜒曲折向心性走行,管间有分支相连接。近腘窝时,淋巴管与小隐静脉一起穿过深筋膜进入腘窝,然后发出多个小分支汇入淋巴结。此组淋巴管管径在0.3~1.5 mm之间,近侧较粗,远侧稍细。  结论　精确描述了下肢小隐静脉旁淋巴管的分布与走行,为临床应用提供重要的解剖学参考。     

Development of the peritoneal lymphatic stomata and lymphatic vessels of the diaphragm in mice

The generation and development of the peritoneal lymphatic stomata (PLS) and lymphatic vessels of the diaphragm were studied in mice at gestational ages from the embryonic to the postnatal period with TEM, SEM and enzyme histochemistry and the PLS data were quantitatively analyzed with computer-assisted image processing technology (Elescope image analysis software). The results showed that the diaphragmatic mesothelium was covered only by flattened mesothelial cells (FMC) at the 13th embryonic day (ED 13). At ED 15, some cuboidal mesothelial cells (CMC) and immature lymphatic stomata (NLS) were found scattered on the diaphragmatic mesothelium. The sub-peritoneal lymphatic capillaries did not appear until ED 18. However, no absorptive function was observed in NLS when trypan blue granules were injected into the peritoneal cavity. At postnatal day 1 (PND 1), the endothelial cytoplasm processes of the diaphragm lymphatic capillaries span the connective tissue fibers and the basal membrane of CMC to form the subperitoneal channels. These channels were connected with NLS and serve as the absorptive route between the peritoneal cavity and the sub-peritoneal lymphatic vessels. The trypan blue absorption test demonstrated that postnatal PLS possessed an absorptive function and had transformed to mature lymphatic stomata (MLS) by PND 1. Thus, NLS were renamed of MLS. At PND 5, the cuboidal mesothelial cell ridge (CMCR) appeared with increased CMC areas. At PND 10, CMCR were fused to form the band-like CMC area with much more MLS distributed in the muscular portion of the diaphragm. With distribution area and density of PLS increasing and growth of lymphatic vessels, an increased absorptive function from the peritoneal cavity was observed in the experiment.     

手指淋巴管的应用解剖

目的　研究人体指淋巴管的解剖特征为临床提供解剖学基础。 方法　2具新鲜成人尸体4例手标本,指尖两侧皮内,注入少量双氧水墨水混合剂。于真皮下找到淋巴管,将显影剂经30G注射针注入。追踪指淋巴管的行程并进行照像和X线记录。1例标本作指截面研究。 结果　各指两侧皮下各分布淋巴管1支,近指根处偶见多支。它们始于远侧指间关节两侧真皮下、沿指中轴两侧皮下组织蜿蜒起伏地行走。管径0.2~0.8 mm,近端较粗,远端较细。除拇指桡侧和小指尺侧淋巴管各自在掌背尺、桡侧汇入手背淋巴管外,其他指淋巴管在指蹼处与邻近淋巴管吻合,再汇入掌背淋巴管。指横截面显示指淋巴管与周围组织的解剖关系。 结论　详细描述了各指淋巴管的解剖形态,以及与周围组织、血管神经的关系,为临床和科研提供解剖学基础。     

早期宫颈癌淋巴脉管间隙浸润与其预后生存的关系研究

目的:探讨早期宫颈癌淋巴脉管间隙浸润与其预后生存的关系。方法:回顾性分析2013年5月至2016年5月本院收治的经实验室检查确诊为早期宫颈的84例患者的临床资料。整理患者术后病理检查结果,分析影响早期宫颈癌淋巴脉管间隙浸润对患者预后的影响。结果:经非条件单因素Logistic回归模型分析得出:组织学分型、分化程度、淋巴结转移、宫颈间质浸润深度为影响早期宫颈癌阳性淋巴脉管间隙浸润患者预后生存的单因素(P<0.05);经非条件多因素Logistic回归模型进一步分析,得出:低度分化、有淋巴结转移、宫颈间质浸润深度≧1/2为影响早期宫颈癌阳性淋巴脉管间隙浸润患者预后生存的危险因素(P<0.05);阳性、阴性淋巴脉管间隙浸润组患者4年内总生存率分别为77.50%、93.18%,4年无疾病进展生存率分别为67.50%、86.36%,相比存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:淋巴脉管间隙浸润是影响早期宫颈癌患者预后生存的重要因素之一;低度分化、有淋巴结转移、宫颈间质浸润深度≧1/2为影响早期宫颈癌阳性淋巴脉管间隙浸润患者预后生存的危险因素。     

The morphology of the human lymphatic vessels in the head and neck

Previously little has been written about the morphology of the human lymphatic vessels since Sappey (Sappey [ 1874 ] Anatomie, Physiologie, Pathologie des Vaisseaux Lymphatiques, Paris: Adrien Delahaye) over 100 years ago. There needs to be an accurate re‐evaluation of scientific observations to aid clinical management. Forty‐nine combinations of tissue from the head and neck of 20 unembalmed human cadavers were studied. Six percent hydrogen peroxide was used to find the vessels. They were injected with radio‐opaque mixture, dissected, photographed, and radiographed. Final results were transferred to the computer for analysis. Different sized lymphatic valves were found in the precollecting and collecting lymph vessels, the lymphatic trunks, and ducts. The intervals between the valves were of various lengths. Diverse lymphatic ampullae and diverticula were seen in precollecting and collecting lymph vessels. Initial lymph vessels arose from the dermis, the galea, and the mucosal membrane. The vasculature of the direct and indirect precollecting and collecting lymph vessels, lymphatic trunks, and ducts was recorded. The morphology of the human lymphatic vessels in the head and neck has been described and recorded using radiographs and photographs. Clin. Anat. 23:654–661, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

迷走神经切断后对肠系膜淋巴管动力影响的实验研究

目的：观察迷走神经切断前后淋巴管的动力学变化，探讨神经－淋巴管－胃肠道功能之间的关系。方法：用显微录相技术观察Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠肠系膜淋巴管。结果：迷走神经切断后淋巴管自主收缩频率（ａ）、静态口径（ｄ）、总收缩活性指数（ＩｎｄｅｘⅡ）均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），淋巴管的舒缩节律及瓣膜的关启亦不规整，二者之间失去了同步性。结论：迷走神经可调节淋巴管收缩的发动、传播，维持淋巴循环，促进淋巴形成，进而维持胃肠道吸收等功能     

Higher blood vessel density in comparison to the lymphatic vessels in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is characterized by local invasion and the development of cervical metastasis. In the tongue, an association between the invasion of the lymphatic vessels and the development of metastasis in the regional lymph nodes has been demonstrated. Moreover, invasion of the blood vessels is associated with greater recurrence and poorer prognoses. Therefore, the presence and density of lymphatic and blood vessels in intra- and peritumoral tissues should play an important role in the progression, dissemination and metastasis of carcinomas. However, the evidence regarding OSCC is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to determine the comparison and association between the lymphatic (D2-40) and blood vessel (CD34) densities in intratumoral OSCC tissue. Materials and Methods: Thirty-seven cases diagnosed as OSCC between the years 2000 and 2008 were obtained from the Anatomic Pathology Service of the School of Dentistry, University of Chile. The immunohistochemical markers D2-40 and CD34 were used, and the densities (mm²) of lymphatic vessels (LVD) and blood vessels (BVD) in the intratumoral region were determined. The relationship between LVD and BVD values was evaluated. Results: There were significant association between the CD34 and D2-40 expression (rho=0.4, P<0.05) and between the LVD and the location in the tongue (P=0.019). The BVD was greater (128.0 vessels/mm²) than the LVD (42.9 vessels/mm²), and there was a positive correlation between the LVD and BVD. Conclusions: In OSCC, the BVD is greater than the LVD, and there is a moderate correlation between the two quantities.