Anatomy of splenectomy for ruptured spleen

This article describes the anatomy, blood supply and relationships of the spleen and details the surgical anatomical steps to be taken in an emergency splenectomy for traumatic rupture.     

规则性脾段切除治疗外伤性脾破裂的临床价值

目的探讨规则性脾段切除在治疗外伤性脾破裂时的价值。方法回顾分析31例外伤性脾破裂病人,入腹后解剖二级脾蒂,控制出血,切除破裂引起出血的脾段。结果 31例病人全部保留脾脏成功,无再次手术,无死亡病例,保留脾脏血流正常。结论规则性脾段切除治疗外伤性脾破裂安全、可行。     

Splenic infarct: a rare cause of spontaneous rupture leading to massive haemoperitoneum

A 76-year-old woman presented to the accident and emergency department with an acute surgical abdomen. She did not have any significant medical history or history of trauma. Examination findings revealed generalized peritonitis. Preliminary investigations were unhelpful in revealing a cause. On urgent exploratory laparotomy, a ruptured spleen was found and splenectomy performed. The hollow viscera were normal. The gross and microscopic appearances were suggestive of splenic rupture occurring through areas of infarction. We proceed to analyse the causes of spontaneous rupture of the spleen in our discussion of this case.     

Distal pancreatectomy with preservation of the spleen and splenic vessels

This article draws attention to the concept of distal pancreatectomy with splenic preservation including the splenic artery and vein.     

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目的 分析医源性脾损伤的原因，提出防范措施。方法 回顾性分析５１例与手术有关的脾损伤和文献报告的病例。结果 脾损伤与胃癌根治术，胃十二指肠手术（８０．８４％），食管癌手术（１１．７６％），肝肿瘤手术报告的病例。结果 脾损伤与胃癌根治术，胃十二指肠心肺复苏时也可能引起脾脏损伤。遗传性传染单核细胞增多症等血液病在发病过程中可发生自发性脾破裂。结论 改进手术操作，积极治疗某些疾病，有望降低医源性脾损伤的     

间歇性脾动脉阻断在医源性脾损伤中的应用

目的总结间歇性脾动脉阻断联合明胶海绵压迫在医源性脾损伤保脾手术中的应用。方法回顾分析2013年1月至2015年12月徐州医学院附属医院收治的胃癌手术操作相关的Ⅰ、Ⅱ级脾损伤病例共18例,所有病例均采用间歇性脾动脉阻断联合明胶海绵压迫创面止血,脾动脉阻断时间首次为15 min,如仍有出血,再依次继续阻断10 min、5 min,然后解除阻断及压迫观察止血效果。结果14例经阻断后压迫15 min成功止血,4例经阻断压迫25 min成功止血。术后均无再次出血、腹腔脓肿、脾脏坏死等并发症,术后3周内血小板计数均500×10~9/L。结论对于工级、Ⅱ级医源性脾损伤间歇性脾动脉阻断联合明胶海绵压迫止血安全有效。     

原发性脾肿瘤致自发性脾破裂7例分析

原发性脾肿瘤引起的自发性脾破裂在临床中较为少见.我院1996年1月至2008年2月诊治7例原发性脾肿瘤致自发性睥破裂的病人,均经术后病理证实.     

成人外伤性脾破裂非手术治疗55例分析

目的对非手术治疗外伤性脾破裂进行临床分析,为外伤性脾破裂临床治疗方法的选择提供初步证据。方法回顾1992年至2006年我院收治的包括选择性脾动脉栓塞和保守治疗的非手术治疗脾破裂患者55例,对治疗成功率、死亡率和并发症发生率进行分析比较,并评价其卫生经济学效益。结果治疗总成功率87．27％（48／55）,元患者死亡。损伤严重程度分组,51例脾Ⅰ、Ⅱ级损伤,总有效率90．19％（46／51）,再次栓塞或开腹手术5例。4例脾外伤Ⅲ级患者,2例非手术治疗成功,再次栓塞或开腹手术2例。治疗分组分析,传统保守治疗组保脾成功率为81．3％（26／32）,选择性脾动脉栓塞组成功率为100％（23／23）（P=0．035）。选择性脾动脉栓塞组2例并发左侧胸腔积液,1例并发左下肺感染;保守治疗组1例并发脾周脓肿。选择性脾动脉栓塞组平均住院日较保守治疗组[（7．9±4．2．1）d比（11．9±4．4．6）d]明显缩短（P=0．045）,但住院花费增加[（4216±668．4）元比（2616±437．8）元]（P〈0．05）。结论脾损伤Ⅰ、Ⅱ级患者适宜保脾治疗,选择性脾动脉栓塞术比传统非手术保守治疗疗效更为可靠,在医疗设备和经济条件允许的情况下建议考虑栓塞治疗。     

脾损伤的脾保留手术——10年经验总结

目的：本文旨在阐明脾损伤的外科处理原则，结合我们10年来保脾手术的经验探讨脾保留手术的适应证、手术技术及疗效。方法：回顾性分析1989年5月至1999年5月间收治的166例脾损伤行保留性脾手术病例。结果：本组病例无死亡，保脾成功108例（65．1％）。58例（34．9％）被迫行脾切除，40例（56％）同时行脾组织自体移植。所有脾保留性手术均无并发症发生。109例术后平均随访13．5个月，脾功能良好，无感染并发症。结论：保留性脾手术在选择适当的病例中可安全施行。成功实施取决于三因素：格守脾损伤处理的一般原则，依脾损伤类型及病人状况选择恰当术式，掌握保脾术式的技术要点。     

部分脾栓塞术治疗外伤性脾破裂的临床应用

目的 探讨部分脾栓塞术(partial splenic embolization,PSE)治疗外伤性脾破裂的治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2015年1月28例行开腹脾切除术治疗外伤性脾破裂病人的临床资料及同期开展的27例行PSE治疗外伤性脾破裂病人的临床资料并行对比分析.结果 行开腹脾切除术治疗组28例均痊愈.行PSE治疗组27例中,26例顺利完成选择性出血血管栓塞,其中1次栓塞成功25例,再次栓塞成功1例,无继发出血及开腹手术病例;1例栓塞过程中发现脾动脉主干受损,行脾动脉主干栓塞控制出血后立即中转开腹行手术处理;均痊愈出院.结论 PSE是治疗外伤性脾破裂的一种有效、微创的方法,且保留了脾脏功能.     

Splenic function following experimental dearterialization injury in the suckling rat

An experimental splenic dearterilization injury was created in 1-wk-old rats to study the effect of vascular trauma on splenic function. Splenic weight significantly decreased 1 wk following injury but returned to control values within a month. Total splenic nuclear activity diminished initially but increased to above control values 1 mo after injury, and finally returned to normal at 2 mo. Survival rate after an intraperitoneal challenge with pneumococcus in groups 1 wk following total splenectomy and partial dearterlization was not significantly different than controls. This study confirmed the clinical impression that vascular injury to the spleen causes only a transient impariment of splenic size and function and provides further incentive to perform splenorrhaphy following splenic trauma.     

变异脾动脉瘤腔内治疗15例分析

目的 总结变异脾动脉瘤的腔内治疗经验。方法 回顾性分析2007年4月至2017年4月复旦大学附属中山医院血管外科收治的15例变异脾动脉瘤腔内治疗病人的临床资料,其中5例为A型变异脾动脉瘤,10例为B型变异脾动脉瘤。结果 15例病人中14例腔内治疗成功,操作结束后造影检查示瘤体不再显影;1例术中造影检查后考虑弹簧栓栓塞后移位至肠系膜上动脉风险大且病人动脉瘤直径较小,遂停止手术并随访观察。14例腔内治疗成功的病人中,1例行单纯瘤腔栓塞,5例行出瘤动脉及瘤腔栓塞,1例行入瘤动脉、瘤腔及出瘤动脉栓塞,1例行瘤腔栓塞及肠系膜上动脉覆膜支架置入,2例行出瘤动脉栓塞及肠系膜上动脉覆膜支架置入,4例行出瘤动脉、瘤腔栓塞及肠系膜上动脉覆膜支架置入。随访2～117个月,无失访或死亡病例,无肠道缺血坏死、症状性脾梗死、动脉瘤破裂等严重并发症发生。1例病人7年后再发腹痛,再次腔内治疗行瘤腔密集填塞,术后腹痛消失,密切随访。1例病人腔内治疗行出瘤动脉栓塞及肠系膜上动脉覆膜支架置入,术后第2年随访动脉造影检查示覆膜支架完全闭塞,Riolan弓显影,支架远端肠系膜上动脉灌注良好。结论 腔内治疗变异脾动脉瘤安全、有效。在腔内治疗过程中,除了对动脉瘤完成满意的血流隔绝,还应重视保护肠系膜上动脉。     

RECURRENT TRAUMATIC SPLENIC RUPTURE TWO YEARS AFTER NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF SPLENIC TRAUMA

Non-operative and conservative surgical management are now the preferred methods of treatment for blunt splenic trauma in children and adults. These conservative strategies evolved as the risk of late septic complications following splenectomy for trauma became apparent. Although recurrent splenic trauma following conservative management of the ruptured spleen is rare, its surgical management may pose some difficult problems. We present a case in which a second episode of splenic trauma required surgery, two years after the successful non-operative management of the first splenic injury.     

Splenic artery aneurysm associated with systemic lupus erythematosus: Report of a case

We herein report on a 64-year-old Japanese female patient who presented with a splenic artery aneurysm (SAA) associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The saccular aneurysm, which measured 3 cm in diameter, was located in the proximal third of the splenic artery from the pancreas with a portosystemic shunt. A double ligation of the splenic artery (the distal and proximal sides of the aneurysm) was performed without a splenectomy. The postoperative course showed acute pancreatitis without either splenic infarction or portal thrombus. To our knowledge, the closed association of SLE with an aneurysmal dilatation of the splenic artery has not been previously reported. Both the pathogenesis and the management of SAA associated with SLE are discussed following the presentation of this case. This is the first reported case of SAA associated with SLE.     

Spontaneous rupture of splenic angiosarcoma: A case report of chemotherapeutic approach and review of the literature

Angiosarcoma of the spleen is a rare disease, and the prognosis of this disease is extremely unfavorable. We herein review the case of a 45-year-old Japanese woman, who received a combined chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone after splenectomy and experienced a good response. The various types of chemotherapy for this disease are also discussed with references to the above case because no effective chemotherapeutic protocol for angiosarcomas has yet to be established.     

脾动脉起始部动脉瘤的切除及血管重建的手术探讨

目的探讨脾动脉起始部动脉瘤的切除及脾动脉重建的手术方法。方法回顾性分析1996年1月~2007年3月收治的8例脾动脉起始部动脉瘤患者的临床资料,经彩色超声、CT和血管造影检查证实脾动脉起始部真性动脉瘤;均在全身麻醉下首先阻断腹腔干起始部,远端脾动脉阻断后切除动脉瘤,1例行腹腔干-脾动脉自体静脉移植,4例行肾下主动脉-脾动脉人工血管转流,3例同时切除动脉瘤和脾脏。结果均于手术后10~14 d治愈出院。随访0.5~10年;其中1例人工血管转流术后2年死于急性心肌梗塞,余7例均健康生活,无动脉瘤复发。结论动脉瘤切除、脾动脉重建是一种较好的脾动脉起始部真性动脉瘤的治疗方案。     

THE INJURED SPLEEN: SHOULD CONSIDERATION BE GIVEN TO CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT?

This report is a retrospective study over a 13 year period of 267 patients who underwent splenectomy. The incidence of associated major abdominal injuries following blunt trauma in these patients was 8%. Over half of these associated injuries were diagnosed pre-operatively. Sixty-nine per cent of the patients were haemodynamically stable before operation. Patients who suffered splenic injuries whilst playing sport or who were conscious and did not have major extra-abdominal injuries or clear evidence of other intra-abdominal injury could possibly have been managed expectantly. Such a policy might have avoided splenectomy in a substantial number of cases and thus have eliminated the risk of Overwhelming Post-Splenectomy Infection (OPSI) in these patients.