Verrucous carcinoma of the frontal sinus: A case report and review of the literature

Carcinoma of the frontal sinus is rare. Treatment is controversial, and prognosis is poor, The etiology is unknown, although some risk factors for other paranasal sinus carcinomas have been identified. A 70-year-old male presented with proptosis and x-ray findings consistent with a mucocele of the frontal sinus. At operation the patient was felt to have a cholesteatoma. Pathologic diagnosis was verrucous carcinoma of the frontal sinus. The case is discussed and the literature is reviewed.     

Epithelioma cuniculatum (carcinoma cuniculatum) of the thumb: a case report and literature review

Epithelioma cuniculatum is a rare, slow growing, but locally destructive, low-grade epithelioma of squamous cell origin. The first case of this tumor occurring on the thumb is reported. Treatment of this case is discussed, the literature reviewed, and controversy surrounding the naming of this tumor is examined.     

Verrucous carcinoma of the foot

A 50-year-old man presented with verrucous carcinoma on the sole of the foot. This unusual tumor, also called an epithelioma cuniculatum plantare, was successfully treated employing wide surgical excision.     

颌下腺肌上皮癌1例并文献复习

目的:报道1例少见的颌下腺肌上皮癌（myoepithelial carcinoma，MEC），以提高对该病的认识。方法:对1例MEC的临床病理特点、免疫组化、诊治及术后随访情况进行分析并复习文献。结果:临床特点:该例MEC患者临床病程长，两次误诊为“混合瘤”，术后复发三次。组织学:肿瘤细胞浸润性生长，呈巢团状、实性片状或梁网状排列，细胞疏密不等，以梭形、上皮样、透明为主，可见鳞状小体，细胞局灶异型性明显，核分裂象可见，未见坏死。免疫组化:上皮及肌上皮标志物CK、p63、CK5/6、SMA、Calponin等阳性，Ki-67增殖指数约20%。结论:MEC形态学表现多样，早期易延误就诊及误诊，病理学结合免疫组化检查有助于确诊，治疗以手术切除为主，具有高复发特点，术后注意密切随访。     

Small-Cell Carcinoma of Prostate：A Case Report and Literature Review

One case of small-cell carcinoma (SCC) of prostate was identified at Shangyu people’s hospital. This 70-year-old male had a prior diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma when he was first admitted to the hospital and received anti-androgen treatment. 9 months later, he was readmitted to the hospital and was diagnosed as SCC through biopsy. The article was written to evaluate the clinical and pathological characteristics and treatment of SCC of prostate.     

MUC4蛋白在口腔疣状癌表达的免疫组化研究

目的：研究MUC 4在口腔疣状癌的表达情况,探讨其在口腔疣状癌发生发展中的作用。方法：采用免疫组织化学方法,对18例口腔疣状癌、26口腔鳞癌和14例正常口腔黏膜MUC 4蛋白进行检测,并与临床病理参数比较。结果：口腔疣状癌和鳞癌组织中MUC 4蛋白表达显著高于正常黏膜（P〈0.05）,不同临床类型口腔疣状癌的蛋白表达无显著差异（P〉0.05）;MUC 4蛋白的表达与性别、年龄、发病部位、临床分期无显著相关（P〉0.05）。结论：口腔疣状癌和鳞癌中MUC 4蛋白呈上调表达,蛋白的表达可能与肿瘤的恶性程度相关。     

Non-functional parathyroid carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature

Non-functional parathyroid carcinoma is an exceedingly rare disease with 31 reported cases since 1909. Because of the scarce number of cases of non-functional parathyroid carcinoma, there are no evidence-based recommendations for its optimal treatment. Surgery, including en bloc resection of the carcinoma, ipsilateral thyroid lobe and isthmus together with a neck dissection only in case of lymph node involvement, is the main treatment for non-functioning parathyroid carcinoma. The patient usually has a poorer prognosis because of detection at advanced stages, the relative ineffectiveness of adjuvant treatment modalities and the lack of adequate parameters for clinical follow-up. In this report, we present a case of non-functional parathyroid carcinoma at our institution, and we review the previous literature to discuss the latest advances in the diagnosis and treatment of this rare disease.     

肾上腺皮质癌1例报道并文献回顾

目的:探讨肾上腺皮质癌的临床表现、诊断及治疗方法。方法:报道我科近期收治的1例肾上腺皮质癌患者的临床资料,并检索中国知网、PubMed等数据库,进行文献回顾,对该病的临床特征及诊断要点、治疗方法及最新的研究进展进行归纳总结。结果:本例患者以腹痛为首发临床表现,影像学提示肾上腺肿瘤,行腹腔镜切除,术后20天查PET/CT提示多发转移,给予依托泊苷+顺铂化疗4周期后进展,遂应用吉西他滨联合卡培他滨化疗1周期,出现脑转移后行放疗。结论:肾上腺皮质癌是一种罕见的泌尿系恶性肿瘤,且预后差。诊断应结合临床表现、肾上腺皮质激素水平、影像学检查及病理结果。治疗方面首推多学科会诊（MDT）,早期患者首选手术,术后需根据疾病分期、分级选择辅助治疗,复发转移的患者可给予化疗、放疗、米托坦、免疫治疗等。     

基质金属蛋白酶MMP-9在口腔疣状癌中的表达及意义

目的　研究MMP-9在口腔疣状癌和鳞癌中的表达,探讨口腔疣状癌和鳞癌的不同生物行为的分子基础。方法　取 15例口腔疣状癌, 10例正常口腔粘膜, 20例口腔鳞癌(高、低分化鳞癌各 10例),应用免疫组织化学S-P法检测上述标本MMP-9表达和分布。结果　口腔疣状癌组织中MMP-9阳性表达率为 40% (6 /15),明显低于高分化鳞癌 70% (7 /10)和低分化鳞癌 80% ( 8 /10 ) (P<0. 05 );平均染色强度低于高分化鳞癌和低分化鳞癌(P<0. 05);口腔疣状癌、口腔高分化鳞癌、口腔低分化鳞癌组织中MMP-9表达均高于正常口腔粘膜组织(P<0. 05)。结论　MMP-9在口腔疣状癌的发生中起重要作用。MMP-9在口腔疣状癌、口腔高分化鳞癌、口腔低分化鳞癌的表达存在明显差异,说明口腔疣状癌是一种独立类型的恶性肿瘤。     

Frontal sinus carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature

A rare case of frontal sinus carcinoma is reported. The patient developed early recurrence following surgery, and was managed by accelerated hyperfractionated radiation therapy and concurrent cisplatinum-based systemic chemotherapy. The patient has remained disease-free for 30 months following the end of treatment.     

Breast carcinoma metastatic to eyelids: case report and review of the literature

Violaceous, indurated plaques around both eyes were found to be cutaneous metastases and the initial clinical presentation of a lobular carcinoma of the breast in an 80-year-old woman. Available literature indicates that breast carcinoma is the most common metastatic tumor of the eyelid and the onset of a palpebral mass may precede the diagnosis of the primary tumor in the breast.     

Breast carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells: a case report and review of the Japanese literature

A 41-year-old premenopausal woman with a 3.5 cm freely mobile mass in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast was admitted to our hospital. Fine needle aspiration showed malignant epithelial cells and many multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells (OGCs). Excisional biopsy revealed an invasive ductal carcinoma. A right modified radical mastectomy was subsequently performed. Macroscopically the tumor was well circumscribed with a dark brown cut surface. Microscopically, the tumor was a grade 2 invasive ductal carcinoma with many multinucleated OGCs adjacent the tumor cells and hemorrhage and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the stroma. The intra-mammary metastasis also contained OGCs and stromal reactions. By enzyme immunoassay, the tumor cells were negative for estrogen receptor but positive for progesterone receptor. The tumor cells were negative for both c-erbB-2 and p53. The OGCs showed positive immunostaining with the monoclonal antibody CD68, demonstrating a histiocytic origin. Lymph nodes were free of metastasis. We also review the Japanese literature concerning breast carcinoma with OGCs.     

Merkel细胞癌术后复发1例及相关文献复习

目的：探讨Merkel细胞癌的诊断、治疗及预后。方法：一位老年Merkel细胞癌患者，于2006年8月初发时先行化疗及放射治疗，1年后局部再发肿瘤，再次接受扩大性切除术及放疗和化疗。结果：术后1月Merkel细胞癌再次复发。结论：Merkel细胞癌是一种罕见且进展快的皮肤肿瘤。诊断主要依靠病理（包括免疫组化方法），即使综合治疗后仍有局部复发和远处转移的倾向，预后差。     

同时发生的肝肉瘤样癌与肝细胞癌一例并文献复习

目的:探讨肝肉瘤样癌患者的临床表现、诊断、治疗方法及预后.方法:结合我院收治的1例同时发生的肝肉瘤样癌与肝细胞癌患者,并复习国内外文献,分析该病的临床特点,实验室检查、影像学及病理学表现,治疗及预后.结果:肝肉瘤样癌临床上较少见,病理学上肿瘤包含上皮样成分及梭形细胞肉瘤样成分,肿瘤生长迅速,恶性程度高,预后差.结论:肝肉瘤样癌与肝细胞癌同时发生的病例临床罕见,病因不明,预后较差.     

肾原发性大细胞神经内分泌癌伴高级别尿路上皮癌1例报道并文献复习

目的:探讨肾脏大细胞神经内分泌癌的临床病理特征、诊断和鉴别诊断。方法:分析1例肾原发性大细胞神经内分泌癌伴高级别尿路上皮癌患者的临床表现,对标本进行组织学观察,免疫组化染色,并复习相关文献。结果:患者为63岁男性,因间歇性血尿就诊。巨检:右肾中下部及肾盂处见一6cm×5cm×5cm肿块,切面灰白色,大部分实性质地中等、下极肾盂处部分呈乳头样质脆。镜检:实质性区域瘤细胞呈巢状、小梁状或条索状排列,片状坏死,瘤细胞Syn、ChgA和CD56均为阳性,Ki-67增殖指数达40%;乳头样结构处呈典型的尿路上皮乳头状癌图像。癌肿侵犯肾门脂肪组织伴肾门淋巴结转移。结论:肾原发性大细胞神经内分泌癌是罕见肿瘤,伴尿路上皮癌更罕见,具有高侵袭性,转归预后差,诊断主要依据病理形态学检查和免疫组织化学。     

肾集合管癌2例病理诊断及文献复习

目的 探讨起源于肾髓质集合管的肾集合管癌，分析其病理形态学特征及鉴别诊断。方法 对2例肾集合管癌进行大体、光镜及免疫组化观察并结合文献复习。结果肿瘤主要位于肾髓质，囊实性肿块，呈灰白或灰黄色，侵袭性强。镜下肿瘤呈弥漫性或腺管状,乳头状排列,肿瘤间质纤维组织反应性增生，多量浆细胞、淋巴细胞浸润。免疫组化：肿瘤细胞高分子CK、低分子CK表达阴性,Vimetin强阳性。结论 肾集合管癌是一种起源于肾髓质集合管的罕见性肾肿瘤，恶性度高，预后差。     

Hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis in the pituitary gland: case report and review of the literature

Symptomatic pituitary metastases are uncommon and have been reported mainly in autopsy series. Although all types of malignancies can metastasize to the pituitary gland, a review of the literature has indicated that lung and breast carcinomas are the most frequent primary tumors while hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis has only recently been described.A 59-year-old man with abdominal pain and fever was admitted to our hospital. Hepatosplenomegaly was present without signs of ascites. Laboratory tests showed only abnormal hepatic biochemistry while the radiological studies revealed a solid mass occupying the left hepatic lobe. The patient underwent excision of the left hepatic lobe and was closely followed-up. Six months later he readmitted with headache and visual disturbances. MRI revealed a solid mass in the sella region pressing the optic chiasma. Transsphenoidal excision of the pituitary mass was followed and the histological examination of the tumor was compatible with hepatocellular carcinoma.Symptomatic pituitary metastases are uncommon and may be difficult to differentiate from pituitary adenomas. The present case emphasizes on the capricious nature of hepatocellular carcinoma and on the importance of the individualized therapeutic approach.     

甲胎蛋白升高型胃癌1例并文献复习

目的:认识并研究甲胎蛋白（AFP）在胃癌中的意义。方法:对1例甲胎蛋白升高型胃癌病例的全病程进行分析,并复习文献。结果:本病例经病理确诊为胃癌伴AFP升高,经6个疗程化疗AFP恢复正常,复查全腹增强CT报告肿大淋巴结消失。结合文献分析发现,本例患者属于甲胎蛋白升高型胃癌（AFPGC）。结论:AFP虽为原发性肝癌标志物,但也可见于胃癌,且可作为治疗有效的标志。     

Low-grade spindle-cell ameloblastic carcinoma: report of an unusual case with immunohistochemical findings and review of the literature

Spindle-cell differentiation in ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare event. Although reported by many authors, it was first described as a separate entity in 1999 by Slater under the heading "low-grade spindle-cell ameloblastic carcinoma." Here, we report a case of low-grade spindle-cell ameloblastic carcinoma arising in pre-existing unicystic ameloblastoma.The patient, a 60-year-old Indian woman, had a large irregular swelling in the left mandibular region. Histologically, the lesion was composed of a large cystic cavity with an ameloblastomatous lining and areas showing spindle-cell proliferation. The spindle cells showed hyperchromatism, nuclear pleomorphism, and scattered mitotic figures. To our knowledge, 6 cases of spindle-cell ameloblastic carcinoma have been published to date, and this case appears to be the first reporting malignant transformation with spindle-cell differentiation in unicystic ameloblastoma.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum: a case report and review of the literature

Squamous cell carcinoma of the colon and rectum are extremely rare neoplasms. Many questions regarding their histogenesis and biological behaviour remain unanswered. Surgery is the most effective therapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy should be considered, especially for node-positive patients. We present a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the middle rectum who underwent abdominoperineal resection and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The pertinent literature is reviewed.