Effect of perioperative nutrition, with and without arginine supplementation, on nutritional status, immune function, postoperative morbidity, and survival in severely malnourished head and neck cancer patients

BACKGROUND: Malnourished head and neck cancer patients are at increased risk of postoperative complications. OBJECTIVE: We studied the effect of perioperative, arginine-supplemented nutritional support on nutritional status, immune status, postoperative outcome, and survival in severely malnourished (weight loss >10% of body weight) head and neck cancer patients undergoing major surgery. DESIGN: Forty-nine patients were randomly assigned to receive 1) no preoperative and standard postoperative tube feeding, 2) standard preoperative and postoperative tube feeding, or 3) arginine-supplemented preoperative and postoperative tube feeding. RESULTS: Patients in both prefed groups received approximately 9 d of preoperative tube feeding, resulting in energy intakes of 110% and 113% of calculated needs (compared with 79% in the control group; P = 0.007). Compared with no preoperative feeding, preoperative enteral nutrition did not significantly improve nutritional status or any of the studied biochemical or immunologic indexes. Major postoperative complications occurred in 53%, 47%, and 59% of patients in study groups 1, 2, and 3 (NS). A trend was seen toward better survival in the arginine-supplemented group (P = 0.15). Secondary analysis showed that survivors had better human leukocyte antigen-DR expression on monocytes (P = 0.05) and higher endotoxin-induced cytokine production (P = 0.010 for tumor necrosis factor alpha and P = 0.042 for interleukin 6) at the start of the study than did patients who died. CONCLUSIONS: Nine days of preoperative tube feeding, with or without arginine, did not significantly improve nutritional status, reduce the surgery-induced immune suppression, or affect clinical outcome in severely malnourished head and neck cancer patients. Patients supplemented with arginine-enriched nutrition tended to live longer. Some markers of immune function may distinguish patients with good or bad prognoses.     

结直肠癌患者的围手术期营养风险筛查与术后并发症

目的动态评价结直肠癌患者的围手术期营养风险,以期指导临床合理营养支持。方法选取新人院、未经放疗、化疗处理的结直肠癌患者144例,于术前及术后两周应用营养风险筛查2002（NRS2002）对患者进行营养风险动态评估,同时测定血红蛋白、血清白蛋白、前白蛋白水平及外周血总淋巴细胞计数,并观察术后并发症的发生率。结果术前有22．91％（33／144）的患者存在营养风险;术前预测术后营养风险发生率为43．06％（62／144）,实际测得术后营养风险发生率为54．86％（79／144）,后两者的差异具有统计学意义（x^2=4．016,P〈0．05）。术前营养风险评分≥3分的患者术后出现并发症的发生率为10．13％,评分〈3分的患者术后出现并发症的发生率为1．54％,存在营养风险的患者并发症的发生率显著高于不存在营养风险的患者（x^2=3．065,P〈0．05）。结论结直肠癌患者的围手术期营养风险发生率高,尤以术后显著,且存在营养风险的患者易发生术后并发症。     

Resting energy expenditure and nutritional state in patients with liver cirrhosis before and after liver transplantation

Resting energy expenditure (REE), body composition, and the biochemical parameters of liver function were measured in 26 patients before and 432 days (range: 103-1022 days) after liver transplantation (LTX). PreLTX REE was variable (mean: 1638 +/- 308 kcal/day, range: 1220-2190 kcal/day or +10 +/- 11% of Harris Benedict = HB prediction, range: -19 - +33%) and was closely related to body cell mass (r = 0.66, p < 0.0003). PostLTX REE was variable (mean: 1612 +/- 358 kcal/day, range: 1010-2490 kcal/day or +5 +/- 15% of HB prediction, range: -20 - +37%) and was closely related to body cell mass (r = 0.65, p < 0.0006). When compared with preLTX values only small changes in mean REE (-71 +/- 43 kcal/day) and a close correlation between pre and postLTX REE (r = 0.82, p < 0.001) were observed. In contrast to REE, changes in body weight were highly variable (-16.5 - +32.7 kg/year). This variance was not explained by the number of postoperative complications, pre and postLTX liver function, possible graft rejection and/or hepatitis reinfection. Pre-operative hypermetabolism (i.e. REE >+20% of HB prediction) was associated with postoperative hypermetabolism and a reduced liver function before and after LTX. Hypermetabolic patients had a poorer nutritional outcome after LTX (weight change: 0 +/- 8.4 kg/year) when compared with normometabolic controls (weight change: +5.7 +/- 7.4 kg/year; p < 0.05). There was no significant association between deviations in pre and postLTX REE and changes in body weight. When corrected for changes in the nutritional state our data provide evidence for the persistence of resting energy expenditure in liver transplant patients.     

胃癌病人术前有营养风险是临床预后不良的危险因素

目的:探讨胃癌病人术前存在营养风险对术后临床结局的影响以及预后不良的危险因素分析。方法:前瞻性观察140例胃癌病人,术前进行NRS 2002营养风险筛查,分析术前存在营养风险对术后并发症、住院时间、入住ICU时间、住院费用、60 d再入院及病死率的影响。运用单因素和多因素分析研究围手术期并发症的危险因素。结果:NRS 2002≥3分与NRS 20023分的病人总并发症发生率、肺部感染发生率、总住院天数和术后住院天数均有显著性差异(P0.05);而吻合口瘘、胸腔积液发生率、60 d再入院率、60 d病死率和住院费用等方面,虽然有营养风险组略高于无营养风险组,但无统计学差异(P0.05)。单因素和多因素分析显示,术前高总胆固醇水平和术前存在营养风险是影响病人预后的危险因素,也是发生术后并发症的独立危险因素。结论:术前存在营养风险病人的临床结局明显差于无营养风险病人,术前高总胆固醇水平和存在营养风险是围手术期并发症的独立危险因素。     

Nutritional risk factors for postoperative complications in Brazilian elderly patients undergoing major elective surgery

OBJECTIVE: In this prospective study, we assessed nutritional and immunologic risk factors for infectious complications and deaths related to infection in elderly patients undergoing major elective surgery. METHODS: Seventy patients 60 y or older were enrolled in this study. The preoperative variables analyzed were body mass index, body mass index knee height, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, mid-arm muscle circumference, mid-arm muscle area, albumin, transferrin, prealbumin, and retinol-binding protein levels, immunoglobulins G, A, and M, C3, and C4 levels, total lymphocyte counts, and the occurrence of delayed hypersensitivity reactions (multitest). RESULTS: Abnormally low levels of prealbumin (P = 0.004), retinol-binding protein (P = 0.05), and transferrin (P = 0.04) were related to infectious complications. Prealbumin levels (P = 0.02) and lymphocyte counts below 1500 cells/mm(3) (P = 0.04) were associated with mortality secondary to infection. Univariate regression analysis showed that levels of prealbumin (P = 0.02, odds ratio = 13.3, 95% confidence limits = 1.6, 110.9), retinol-binding protein (P = 0.03, odds ratio = 4.8, 95% confidence limits = 1.2, 19.3), and transferrin (P = 0.03; odds ratio = 4.2, 95% confidence limit = 1.2, 15.6) were associated with infectious complications. Multivariate analysis associated only prealbumin levels with infectious complications (P = 0.02, odds ratio = 13.3, 95% confidence limit = 1.6, 110.9). Regression analysis provided no conclusion regarding mortality because of the small number of deaths recorded. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with a good cardiac index (Goldman I and II) who underwent major elective surgery, prealbumin protein, retinol-binding protein, and transferrin levels below normal values represented a significant risk for postoperative infectious complications. Lymphocyte counts lower than 1500/m(3) and abnormal prealbumin values were associated with postoperative mortality secondary to infection. The anthropometric variables evaluated did not predict postoperative infectious complications and mortality.     

胃肠肿瘤外科患者营养风险及营养支持调查

目的 了解肿瘤专科医院胃肠肿瘤择期手术患者的营养风险及围手术期营养支持情况.方法 采用营养风险筛查2002方法调查我院胃肠外科2010年5至9月新入院胃肠肿瘤择期手术患者的营养风险及围手术期营养支持情况.结果 入院时存在营养风险的患者占43.6％ (85/195),有营养风险的患者术前营养支持率为11.7％ (10/85),术后营养支持率为100％ (85/85).无营养风险的患者术前营养支持率为0,术后营养支持率为84.5％ (93/110).有营养风险与无营养风险的患者术后并发症发生率分别为19.1％ (13/68)和7.1％ (9/127) (P=0.02).结论 胃肠肿瘤择期手术患者营养风险发生率较高,围手术期营养支持不尽合理.入院时存在营养风险的患者术后并发症发生率较高.需要继续推广基于证据的肠外肠内营养指南.     

Preoperative nutritional status and prognostic nutritional index in patients with benign disease undergoing abdominal operations–Part I.

The aim of the first part of this study was to detect the incidence of preoperative malnutrition of clinical importance in patients with benign disease.

The preoperative nutritional status of 52 consecutive adult patients undergoing abdominal operations for benign conditions was studied prospectively by objective and subjective nutritional criteria. The postoperative outcome was monitored until discharge or death. The preoperative nutritional status was correlated with the postoperative outcome.

Protein energy malnutrition was identified in 20 (38%) of the 52 patients. Of these 20 malnourished patients, 15 (75%) developed complications after surgery, compared with 7 (22%) of the 32 well-nourished patients (p < 0.01). The most common abnormal values were serum transferrin concentration (n = 8), subscapula skinfold (n = 11), serum urea:serum creatinine ratio (n = 17), loss of appetite for more than 5 days (n = 24), and preoperative stay in hospital of longer than 5 days (n = 19).

These results indicate that a combination of objective and subjective criteria may be important in the identification of clinical malnutrition.     

Effects of oral nutritional supplements in normally nourished or mildly undernourished geriatric patients after surgery for hip fracture: a randomized clinical trial

BACKGROUND: Oral nutritional supplements have been recommended after orthopedic surgery in geriatric patients to reduce postoperative complications. However, tolerability of supplements could be a limitation, and their universal use is not supported by the heterogeneity of previous studies, especially in patients without malnutrition. METHODS: This study is a randomized, controlled, open, parallel, 3-arm clinical trial comparing supplementation with protein powder dissolved in liquids to aim at 36 g of protein per day, energy and protein supplements to aim at 37.6 g of protein and 500 kcal per day, or no intervention in normally nourished or mildly undernourished patients. Outcomes were serum albumin, prealbumin, retinol-binding globulin, and body mass index, among others. Postoperative complications were also recorded. RESULTS: Ninety patients aged 83.8 +/- 6.6 years were included. The mean ingested amount of supplements was 41.1% +/- 20.6% in the protein powder supplement group and 51.4% +/- 13.2% in the energy protein supplement group (t = 2.278, P = .027). Postoperative supplements had no effect on the nutrition status during in-hospital follow-up, as assessed by serum albumin (P = .251), prealbumin (P = .530), retinol-binding globulin (P = .552), or body mass index (P = .582). Multivariate analysis showed that length of hospital stay with an established complication until its resolution (beta = .230, P = .031), total hospital stay (beta = .450, P < .001), baseline body mass index (beta = .204, P = .045), and total daily ingested proteins per body weight (beta = .252, P = .018) were predictive variables on the change in serum albumin (R2 = 0.409, F = 11.246, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Oral nutritional supplements in normally nourished or only mildly undernourished geriatric patients with hip fracture submitted to surgery may be of interest for patients with postoperative complications and long hospital stays.     

简易营养评估法量表在中国老年肺癌手术患者中的应用及与术后并发症相关性分析

目的 通过在中国老年肺癌手术患者人群中应用修订后的简易营养评估法(MNA)量表及简易营养评估精法(MNA-SF)量表,了解中国老年肺癌手术患者的营养状况以及评价营养状况与术后并发症之间的关系.方法 利用修订后的MNA量表及MNA-SF量表对150例2010年6月至2011年6月新人院的老年肺癌准备手术的患者进行术前营养评估,同时收集患者基本资料、患病情况、人体测量指标、生化指标、术后并发症等相关资料.结果 根据MNA修订界值后的评分标准,所调查150例(男98例,女52例)老年肺癌手术患者营养不良的发生率为10.7％(16/150),潜在营养不良发生率为32.0％(48/150),营养正常率为57.3％( 86/150);MNA得分(23.7±3.8)分,MNA得分与体质指数(BMI)、上臂肌围(MAC)和腓肠肌围(CC)呈正相关(P＜0.01);MNA-SF得分(11.5±2.4)分,MNA-SF得分与BMI、三头肌皮褶厚度(TSF)、MAC、CC和MNA得分呈正相关(P＜ 0.01或＜0.05);术后并发症的发生率依次为:呼吸系统37.4％(55/147),心血管系统31.3％(46/147),胸腔0.7％(1/147);术后并发症不同发病数目之间及发病类型之间的营养状况比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.590、0.601).结论 修订界值后的MNA量表适合于中国老年肺癌手术患者的营养状况评估,评估结果表明老年肺癌手术患者的营养不良发生率较高,其MNA量表评估结果与术后并发症之间相关性有待进一步证实.     

术前肌肉减少症对胃癌病人临床预后的影响:一项前瞻性队列研究

目的:探讨胃癌病人术前存在肌肉减少症对术后病人临床预后的影响。方法:前瞻性纳入93例胃癌病人,使用生物电阻抗法检测骨骼肌质量,分为两组:肌肉减少症组和非肌肉减少症组,比较分析术前存在肌肉减少症对胃癌病人术后总并发症发生率、住院时间、住院费用、60天再入院及病死率等指标的影响。结果:术前存在肌肉减少症的病人与正常对照组相比:总并发症发生率、总住院天数和术后住院天数具有显著性差异(P0.05)。60天再入院率、60天病死率和总住院费用方面肌肉减少症组略高于正常对照组,但无统计学差异(P0.05)。单因素和多因素分析显示,术前存在肌肉减少症及存在营养风险是增加术后并发症发生率的独立危险因素。结论:术前存在肌肉减少症可导致胃癌病人术后不良临床预后,肌肉减少症是胃癌病人术后并发症增加的独立危险因素,术前应常规进行筛查与评估并及时纠正。     

Preoperative nutritional assessment to predict postoperative complication in gastric cancer patients

The correlation between preoperative nutritional parameters and postoperative complications in 440 patients with gastric cancer were analyzed. All the nutritional parameters reflected a significant deterioration as the stages of cancer progressed, and the frequency of postoperative complications was highest in patients with stage IV gastric cancer. The incidence of anastomotic leaks was increased in patients undergoing total gastrectomy with no relation to the clinical stage or nutritional status. However, there was a close relationship between nutritional status and immunocompetence, lung complications, and infection. The nutritional indices which reliably predicted preoperatively the nutritional status of cancer patients were the serum protein concentrations including the serum albumin (Alb) and prealbumin (PA). The indices predicting postoperative complications were the Alb, PA, and total lymphocyte count. These results suggest that preoperative nutritional assessment can be beneficial for the prediction of postoperative complications.     

Influence of preoperative administration of omega-3 fatty acid-enriched supplement on inflammatory and immune responses in patients undergoing major surgery for cancer

OBJECTIVE: Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation may produce beneficial effects after surgery. We investigated the influence of preoperative administration of a supplement rich in arginine, omega-3 fatty acids, and RNA, Impact (Japan), on inflammatory and immune responses in patients undergoing major surgery for cancer. METHODS: Patients in the supplement group (n = 12) received 1 L/d of Impact (Japan) for 5 d before surgery, and those in the control group (n = 14) received an ordinary diet without Impact (Japan) before surgery. Plasma levels of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, thromboxane B(2), prostaglandin E(2), inflammatory markers, nutritional markers, cytokines, and cytokine receptors were obtained 5 d before the operation at the starting point of supplementation in the supplement group. Samples were collected on postoperative days (PODs) 0, 1, 3, and 7. RESULTS: After taking the supplement, significant increases in omega-3 fatty acids and rapid turnover proteins were found the day after ending supplementation (POD-0), whereas thromboxane B(2) levels and the ratio of omega-6 fatty acids to omega-3 fatty acids were significantly lower than before supplementation (P < 0.001). On POD-0 only, inflammatory markers and cytokine receptors in the supplement group showed low levels in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). On POD-1 and POD-3, remarkable decreases in polymorphonuclear leukocyte-elastase and interleukin-8 in the supplement group were observed. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that oral administration of a supplement rich in omega-3 fatty acids for 5 d before surgery may improve not only preoperative nutritional status but also preoperative and postoperative inflammatory and immune responses in patients who have cancer.     

Body composition, muscle function, and energy expenditure in patients with liver cirrhosis: a comprehensive study

BACKGROUND: Data describing the nutritional status of patients with liver cirrhosis of diverse origin, as assessed by direct body-composition methods, are limited. OBJECTIVE: We sought to provide a comprehensive assessment of nutritional status and metabolic activity in patients with liver cirrhosis by using the most accurate direct methods available. DESIGN: Two hundred sixty-eight patients (179 M, 89 F; x +/- SEM age: 50.1 +/- 0.6 y) with liver cirrhosis underwent measurements of total body protein by neutron activation analysis, of total body fat and bone mineral by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, of resting energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry, of grip strength by dynamometry, and of respiratory muscle strength by using a pressure transducer. Dietary intakes of energy and protein were assessed and indexed to resting energy expenditure and energy intake, respectively. RESULTS: Significant protein depletion, seen in 51% of patients, was significantly (P<0.0001) more prevalent in men (63%) than in women (28%). This sex difference occurred irrespective of disease severity or origin. The prevalence of protein depletion increased significantly (P<0.0001) with disease severity. Protein depletion was associated with decreased muscle function but not with lower energy and protein intake. Energy intake was significantly (P=0.002) higher in men than in women, whereas protein intakes did not differ significantly (P=0.12). Hypermetabolism, seen in 15% of patients, was not associated with sex, origin or severity of disease, protein depletion, ascites, or presence of tumor. CONCLUSIONS: Poor nutritional status with protein depletion and reduced muscle function was a common finding, particularly in men, and was not related to the presence of hypermetabolism or reduced energy and protein intakes. The greater conservation of protein stores in women than in men warrants further investigation.     

Prospective evaluation of nutritional status related to body mass indices and outcomes after modified D2 gastrectomy for carcinoma

AIMS: The aim of this study was to examine the perioperative nutritional status, body mass indices (BMI) and nutritional intakes of patients undergoing a modified D2 gastrectomy (preserving pancreas and spleen) for carcinoma to determine whether a relationship exists between the above and outcomes. METHODS: Fifty consecutive patients [median age 71 years, 38 male] with gastric adenocarcinoma were studied prospectively. RESULTS: Seven patients (14%) were obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2), 16 patients (32%) were overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m2), 21 patients (42%) were of normal weight (BMI 20-25 kg/m2), and six patients (12%) were underweight (BMI < 20 kg/m2). Operative morbidity was commoner in underweight patients (33%) when compared with overweight patients (17%, P = 0.391) and patients of normal weight (14%, P = 0.289). Fatal complications, however (two patients, 4%) were confined to overweight patients (P = 0.118). Preoperative serum albumin levels were significantly higher in overweight patients (43 g/dl) compared to underweight patients (34.5 g/dl; P = 0.003), though no correlation was found between patients' serum albumin levels and postoperative morbidity (r = -0.023, P = 0.877). Overweight patients were significantly less likely to achieve their protein requirements postoperatively than underweight patients (P = 0.037). Early enteral feeding contributed to 56% of the median energy requirements and 45% of the median protein requirements on the seventh postoperative day. CONCLUSION: BMI alone is a poor indicator of outcomes after modified D2 gastrectomy for carcinoma. The role of early enteral nutrition in patients undergoing gastrectomy for cancer deserves further evaluation.     

精氨酸强化的肠外营养在肝癌合并肝硬化术后的应用

目的探讨精氨酸(L-Arginine)强化的肠外营养(parenteralnutrition熏PN)在原发性肝癌(hepatocellularcarcinoma,HCC)合并肝硬化患者术后的应用价值。方法70例行肝段或肝叶切除手术的患者,随机分为2组:对照组(给予PN)35例,实验组(给予精氨酸强化的PN,Arg-PN)35例。观察患者术前、术后1d及7d肝功能、营养指标、免疫功能及血清一氧化氮(nitricoxide熏NO)浓度变化。结果两组患者平均住院时间、并发症发生率的差异无显著意义(P>0.05);与术前比较,实验组术后第7天肝天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)已接近术前水平,血清白蛋白(ALB)明显降低(P<0.05);实验组术后胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1)和NO浓度与术前及对照组比较,均明显上升(P<0.05);实验组术后CD4升高、CD8下降、CD4/CD8比值升高,与术前比较差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。结论精氨酸强化的肠外营养有可能通过Arg-NO代谢途径增加NO浓度,促进IGF-1产生,有利于肝癌肝硬化患者术后肝功能恢复和改善营养状况,增强细胞免疫功能。     

The impact of nutritional status on the outcome of Indian patients undergoing neurosurgical shunt surgery

Undernutrition is common in surgical patients, is frequently unrecognised and is strongly associated with adverse outcomes such as high rates of complications and mortality, worsening functional status and prolonged hospitalisation. Owing to the associated infection and symptoms such as repeated vomiting, a high prevalence of undernutrition is expected in hydrocephalus patients, which may contribute to their poor surgical outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of preoperative nutritional status on the outcome of Indian patients with hydrocephalus undergoing neurosurgical shunt surgery. One hundred and twenty-four consecutive patients undergoing scheduled hydrocephalus shunt surgery were studied prospectively. All patients underwent nutritional screening according to different parameters prior to surgery. The patients were classified into normally nourished and undernourished groups. The undernourished group was further subdivided into moderately and severely undernourished. The surgical outcome was compared between these groups. A high prevalence (53%) of undernutrition was observed in these patients. Postoperative complications such as shunt infection (P = 0.0023), shunt revision (P = 0.0074) and mortality (P = 0.0003) were significantly more common in undernourished patients compared with normally nourished patients. Serum albumin emerged as the most significant independent predictor of postoperative mortality. The present study demonstrated a high prevalence of undernutrition in hydrocephalus patients in India and its adverse influence on the outcome of shunt surgery. Early preoperative nutritional status screening and its optimisation may decrease the morbidity and mortality of shunt surgery for hydrocephalus.     

全胃切除术后早期肠内肠外营养的对比研究

目的：探讨全胃切除术后早期肠内营养（EEN）与全肠外营养（TPN）对患者营养状况的改善及并发症发生率的影响。方法：将86例接受根治性全胃切除的胃癌患者随机分为EEN组和TPN组。EEN组手术后第1天开始分别给予营养支持,于术前1天、术后8天检测体重、血常规、肝功能、前白蛋白和C-反应蛋白,并观察并发症的发生率和平均住院费用。结果：EEN组体重、白蛋白、前白蛋白下降幅度和白细胞、转氨酶、C-反应蛋白升高幅度均少于TPN组。EEN组患者吻合口瘘、肺部感染、切口愈合不良等并发症发病率低于TPN组。EEN组的平均住院费用低于TPN组。结论：术后EEN较TPN能改善全胃切除术后患者的营养状况,降低并发症发生率,减少经济费用。     

含橄榄油脂肪乳剂在肝叶切除患者术后肠外营养中的应用

目的 研究含橄榄油脂肪乳剂在肝叶切除患者术后肠外营养中应用的安全性和有效性.方法 31例选择性肝叶切除术后患者按入院顺序用随机数字表法分为对照组(n=16)和研究组(n=15),两组患者在术后48～72 h后接受连续6 d的等氮、等热量的肠外营养支持.研究组使用含橄榄油脂肪乳,对照组使用标准的中/长链脂肪乳.分别于术前和术后第1天、第7天取患者清晨空腹外周静脉血,检测肝功能指标和血浆蛋白水平,并观察脂肪乳的安全性和术后患者恢复情况.结果 两组患者术前总胆红素、直接胆红素、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、总蛋白、白蛋白和前白蛋白具有可比性(P均>0.05).两组患者术后的安全性及肝功能指标差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),但研究组术后第7天血浆总蛋白、自蛋白和前白蛋白较对照组更快恢复到正常水平,与对照组相比差异具有统计学意义[(57.57±9.84)g/L比(47.76±6.53)g/L,P=0.000;(31.29±3.11)g/L比(26.34±4.87)g/L,P=0.000;(0.188±0.059)g/L比(0.103±0.037)g/L,P=0.000],住院时间也明显缩短[(13.1±1.2)d比(15.2±1.1)d,P=0.041].研究组与对照组的并发症发生率分别为26.7%和31.3%.结论 含橄榄油脂肪乳剂具有很好的耐受性,能够促进术后血浆蛋白的恢复;可能有益于缩短术后住院时间,但对术后并发症发生率无明显影响.

Abstract：

Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of an olive oil-based lipid emulsion for parenteral nutrition in patients after hepatectomy.Methods Thirty-one postoperative patients with elective hepateetomy were randomized to receive isonitrogenous,isocalorie parenteral nutrition over 6 days after liver lobectomy(48-72hours)with either olive oil-based lipid emulsion(study group,n=15)or standard soybean oil emulsion(control group,n=16).The liver function and plasma protoins were assessed using peripheral venous blood collected before surgery,one day after surgery,and 7 days after surgery.The safety profiles of emulsion supports and postoperative rehabilitation were also assessed.Results The preoperative serum levels of total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,alanine amiotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,total protein,albumin,and prealbumin were comparable between the two groups(all P>0.05).Although the Postoperative safety profile and liver function were not significantly different between two groups(all P>0.05),plasma total proteins,albumin,and prealbumin returned to the normal levels significantly faster in the study group than in control group[(57.57±9.84)g/L vs.(47.76±6.53)g/L,P=0.000;(31.29±3.11)g/L vs.(26.34±4.87)g/L,P=0.000;(0.188±0.059)g/L vs.(0.103±0.037)g/L,P=0.000]on the 7th Postoperative day,and the Postoperative hospital stay was also significantly shorter in the study group[(13.1±1.2)d vs.(15.2±1.1)d,P=0.041].The incidence of postoperative complications in study group and control group was 26.7%and 31.3%.respectively.Conclusions Treatment with the new olive oil-based lipid emulsion is weU tolerated in hepatectomy patients.It can speed up plasma proteins recovery and may shorten postoperative hospital stay,although it does not remarkably decrease the incidence of postoperative complications.     

Postoperative hypoproteinemia in cancer patients following extensive abdominal surgery despite parenteral nutritional support

Determination of the predictors of hypoproteinemia among cancer patients following extensive surgery may enhance their nutritional management and clinical outcome. This study evaluated the predictive factors of postoperative hypoproteinemia among cancer patients following extensive abdominal surgery. An age- and gender-matched case-control study (n = 115) was conducted among cancer patients undergoing extensive (cases; n = 81) and moderate (controls; n = 34) abdominal surgery. Case patients received total parenteral nutrition (TPN), including 3 units of fresh frozen plasma and 200 mL 5% human albumin solution, for 8 postoperative days (POD). Case patients had lower mean total serum protein (TSP) levels throughout POD 8 (F value = 13.81; P = 0.001). Despite TPN, cases had greatest mean (±SD) TSP percent change on POD 1 (-24.6% ± 13.0, vs. -12.6% ± 9.2; P < 0.0001) and did not regain preoperative levels (POD 8: -14.3% ± 12.5 vs. 6.9% ± 13.4; P = 0.006). The likelihood of hypoproteinemia in this group was greatest on POD 3 (OR = 30.57; 95% CI 5.44-171.83). Multivariate regression analyses indicated that the determinants of postoperative hypoproteinemia were age [Adjusted OR (AOR) = 1.04; 95% CI 1.00-1.08), preoperative TSP (AOR = 0.46; 95% CI 0.23-0.92), and extensive surgery (AOR = 2.65; 95% CI 1.01-6.95). Tailored nutritional support, regarding extent of surgery, preoperative TSP, and patient age are needed to deter the occurrence of postoperative hypoproteinemia and consequent adverse surgical outcome among cancer patients.     

Association Between Preoperative Nutritional Status and Postoperative Outcome in Head and Neck Cancer Patients

Head and neck cancer patients treated with surgery often experience significant postoperative morbidities. Administering preoperative nutritional intervention may improve surgical outcomes, but there is currently a paucity of data reviewing the association between preoperative nutritional status and postoperative outcome. It is therefore of importance to investigate this association among head and neck cancer patients. To assess the association between preoperative nutritional status and postoperative outcome in head and neck cancer patients treated with surgery, a retrospective study of 70 head and neck cancer patients who were surgically treated between 2013 and 2014 in a tertiary referral head and neck surgery center in Hong Kong was conducted. Clinical data regarding preoperative nutritional status and postoperative outcome were retrieved from a computer record system. Logistic and linear regressions were used to analyze the appropriate parameters. A higher preoperative albumin level was associated with lower rates of postoperative complications and better wound healing (P < 0.05). In contrast, preoperative body mass index, hemoglobin level, and absolute lymphocyte count did not demonstrate significant associations with postoperative outcome. As high albumin levels are associated with better surgical outcome in head and neck cancer patients, preoperative intervention strategies that boost albumin levels could be considered for improving surgical outcome.