肝移植患者术后感染病原菌特征与对肝功能的影响研究

目的研究肝移植患者术后感染病原菌特征,并探讨其对肝功能的影响,为改善肝功能提供参考依据。方法调查医院2011年1月-2014年1月诊治的肝移植术后66例感染患者临床资料,分析其血清总胆红素、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶及细胞凋亡因子水平,选择同期健康体检人员40名为对照组。结果肝移植患者感染病原菌中革兰阴性菌占63.5%高于革兰阳性菌的36.5%,且肝移植感染患者血清总胆红素、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05),半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸水解酶细胞凋亡蛋白(Caspase)3、Caspase9及p53蛋白的水平也明显升高。结论肝移植后均发生肝脏功能损伤,且病原菌感染能促进肝脏细胞凋亡、加剧肝脏损伤。     

肝移植围手术期肠内免疫营养治疗的观察

目的: 研究ω-3脂肪酸、精氨酸、膳食纤维等营养物质强化的肠内免疫营养(EIN)治疗,在肝移植围手术期营养支持中的安全性和治疗效果. 方法: 将39例肝移植病人随机分为两组,分别给予EIN和普通EN.通过肝功能、细胞免疫、体液免疫、排斥发生率的检测,比较两组病人的治疗效果. 结果: EIN组病人的肝细胞合成功能和免疫功能等都好于EN组;两组病人的排斥反应发生率均未增加. 结论: EIN治疗能明显减轻肝移植病人围手术期机体免疫抑制状态,改善细胞免疫和体液免疫功能,且未增加术后排斥反应的发生率.     

Effect of early postoperative enteral immunonutrition on wound healing in patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer

BACKGROUND & AIMS: One of the most frequent complications in patients with cancer and malnutrition is the surgical wound healing delay or failure. Some studies have shown that arginine improves wound healing in rodents and in healthy human beings. The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of early postoperative enteral immunonutrition on the wound healing process in patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer. METHODS: Sixty six patients with gastric cancer were randomized to receive early postoperative enteral immunonutrition (formula supplemented with arginine, omega-3 fatty acids and ribonucleic acid (RNA)) or an isocaloric-isonitrogenous control. Assessment of wound healing process: (1) Quantification of hydroxyproline deposition in a subcutaneously placed catheter, (2) occurrence of surgical wound healing complications. RESULTS: Sixty patients were analyzed. Patients fed with immunonutrition (n=30) showed higher local hydroxyproline levels (59.7 nmol (5.0-201.8), vs. 28.0 nmol (5.8-89.6) P=0.0018) and significantly lower episodes of surgical wound healing complications (0 vs. 8 (26.7%) P=0.005) when compared to patients fed with the control formula (n=30). CONCLUSIONS: Early postoperative enteral nutrition with a formula supplemented with arginine, omega 3 fatty acids and RNA increased hydroxyproline synthesis and improved surgical wound healing in patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer.     

帕瑞昔布钠对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后的镇痛作用及安全性研究

目的 探讨帕瑞昔布钠对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后的镇痛效果和安全性.方法 将90例行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者按随机数字表法分为帕瑞昔布钠组、氟比洛芬酯组和对照组,每组30例,均于术前30min给予不同药物.观察并比较三组视觉模拟评分(VAS)、镇痛满意度、凝血功能和血小板聚集试验的最大聚集率(MAR)及术后不良反应等.结果 帕瑞昔布钠组、氟比洛芬酯组术后不同时间点VAS和精神症状发生率均明显低于对照组(P＜0.05),术后24 h镇痛满意率分别为93.3%(28/30)和90.0%(27/30),均明显高于对照组[20.0%(6/30)](P＜0.05);三组给药前后凝血功能和MAR比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 帕瑞昔布钠对腹腔镜胆囊切除术后的镇痛效果好,不良反应发生率低,值得临床推广应用.     

肝移植术后的营养治疗

目的:探讨肝移植术后的营养治疗方法.方法:对18例次肝移植(其中有2例再次肝移植)术后的营养治疗方法和营养状况进行回顾性分析.术后1～3天采用全肠外营养,辅以人血白蛋白、血浆;术后4～5天肠内营养结合肠外营养;术后6～10天逐渐过渡到全肠内营养,术后12～18天完成经口进食.术后常规使用重组人生长激素4～7天.结果:除3例病人分别死于脑出血、呼吸衰竭、急性排斥反应外,余13例均恢复顺利.结论:适当的营养治疗有利于肝移植病人的术后恢复.     

胃癌术后早期肠内免疫营养的作用

目的:研究肠内免疫营养对胃癌手术后病人营养、免疫及炎症反应的影响. 方法:将96例胃癌病人随机分为肠内免疫营养组(研究组)和常规肠内营养组(对照组),分别于术后第2～8天给予等氮、等热量的肠内营养支持.于手术前1天、术后第1天和第9天分别检测总蛋白、清蛋白、前清蛋白、转铁蛋白、IgG、IgM、IgA、CD4、CD8、CD4/CD8、IL-1α、IL-2、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α等项目,用药期间留24 h尿、粪测定氮,计算氮平衡. 结果:研究结束时研究组前清蛋白、IgA、CD4、CD4/CD8均显著高于对照组,IL-6、TNF-α显著低于对照组. 结论:肠内免疫营养可减轻胃癌病人手术创伤后机体炎症反应,改善免疫功能.     

抑肽酶对肝移植患者围手术期血液保护的临床研究

目的研究抑肽酶对肝移植患者围手术期期血液保护的效应。方法将40例行原位背驮式肝移植术患者随机分为两组：对照组（c组）20例,抑肽酶组（A组）20例。A组首量1×10^6kU,持续量0．25×10^6U／h持续静脉泵注抑肽酶,直至术毕,c组泵注等量0．9％氯化钠溶液。于术前（T1）、无肝期前5min（T2）、新肝期5min（T3）、新肝期30min（T4）和新肝期120min（Ts）采集颈内静脉血检测凝血功能,包括凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、凝血酶时间（TT）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）、血栓弹力扫描仪（TEG）的反应时间（R）等。记录两组术中总出血量和血浆、血小板、液体输入量,并记录两组回收血洗涤量和红细胞悬液洗涤量。结果A组患者术中总出血量、回收血洗涤量、红细胞悬液洗涤量及血浆、白蛋白、胶体输入量[（3708±1910）、（1321±488）、（2121±785）、（2568±904）、（200±63）、（3830±897）m1]明显低于C组[（5676±2241）、（2034±734）、（2697±978）、（3725±1374）、（259±83）、（5065±1505）ml]（P〈0．01或〈0．05）。两组T1各凝血功能指标比较,差异均无统计学意义;T2-T3A组的PT、AFIT、TT和R均较c组同一时间点缩短（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论在肝移植术中应用抑肽酶能够有效地改善围手术期期凝血功能,减少术中出血量,减少异体血及血浆代用品的输注量,具有很好的血液保护效应。     

抑肽酶对肝移植患者围手术期血液保护的临床研究

目的 研究抑肽酶对肝移植患者围手术期期血液保护的效应.方法 将40例行原位背驮式肝移植术患者随机分为两组:对照组(C组)20例,抑肽酶组(A组)20例.A组首量1 ×106kU,持续量0.25×106kU/h持续静脉泵注抑肽酶,直至术毕,C组泵注等量0.9%氯化钠溶液.于术前(T1)、无肝期前5min(T2)、新肝期5 min(T3)、新肝期30 min(T4)和新肝期120 min(T5)采集颈内静脉血检测凝血功能,包括凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、纤维蛋白原(TIB)、血栓弹力扫描仪(TEG)的反应时间(R)等.记录两组术中总出血量和血浆、血小板、液体输入量,并记录两组回收血洗涤量和红细胞悬液洗涤量.结果 A组患者术中总出血量、回收血洗涤量、红细胞悬液洗涤量及血浆、白蛋白、胶体输入量[(3708±1910)、(1321±488)、(2121±785)、(2568±904)、(200±63)、(3830±897)ml]明显低于C组[(5676±2241)、(2034±734)、(2697±978)、(3725±1374)、(259±83)、(5065±1505)ml](P<0.01或<0.05).两组T1各凝血功能指标比较,差异均无统计学意义;T2～T5A组的PT、APRR、TT和R均较C组同一时间点缩短(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 在肝移植术中应用抑肽酶能够有效地改善围手术期期凝血功能,减少术中出血量,减少异体血及血浆代用品的输注量,具有很好的血液保护效应.     

Growth hormone enables effective nutrition by peripheral vein in postoperative patients: a pilot study

The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the metabolic effects of growth hormone (GH) (Humatrope, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN) administration in postoperative (PO) patients receiving peripheral vein nutrition. Seven, well-nourished, nondiabetic patients undergoing elective surgical procedures were given either no drug (n = 3), GH 30 micrograms/kg/day (n = 2), or GH 60 micrograms/kg/day (n = 2) sub-Q daily until eating, up to 7 days PO. All the patients received 5% dextrose with electrolytes in the first 24 hours PO and then received calories at 80 +/- 5% of the measured resting energy expenditure (REE) and amino acid at 1 g/kg/day with electrolytes, vitamins, and minerals. There were no significant outcome differences between the 30 and 60 micrograms/kg/day groups and, therefore, these groups were analyzed together (n = 4). By day 6 of the study, the GH group had a significant reduction in the respiratory quotient (RQ) measured by indirect calorimetry; an increase in nitrogen retention; an increase in plasma transferrin concentrations; and an increase in plasma insulinlike growth factor (IGF1) concentration. There was no increase in blood glucose concentrations, or decrease in urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion; and no adverse effects occurred. We concluded that GH in PO patients on hypocaloric nutrition promoted protein synthesis, fat oxidation, and nitrogen retention. Effective parenteral nutritional support in postoperative adult patients can be achieved without the use of central vein access.     

谷氨酰胺联合生长激素在肝移植病人术后应用的临床研究

目的:探讨谷氨酰胺(Gln)联合生长激素(GH)对肝移植术后病人的蛋白质合成、免疫功能、感染和急性排斥反应等的影响.方法:将60例肝移植病人前瞻性随机分为强化营养组(添加Gln+GH)和对照组.术后第2天开始,给予等热量83.68～104.6 kJ(20～25 kcal)/(kg·d)、等氮量0.16 g/(kg·d)...     

肝脏脂肪变性对肝脏切除术后感染的影响分析

目的研究分析肝脏脂肪变性对肝脏切除术后感染等并发症的影响,为临床预防感染提供指导依据。方法回顾性分析医院2011年5月-2013年5月收治的首次接受肝脏切除术肝癌患者78例,将其作为观察组;另取同期医院收治的接受肝脏切除术非肝脏脂肪变性肝癌患者78例,作为对照组,两组患者均通过肝脏切除手术方式进行治疗,对比两组患者术后并发症以及死亡发生情况,评价并对比两组患者术后发生感染程度,并对两组术后肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及前白蛋白等指标水平进行比较。结果观察组患者术后感染发生率为71.79%,显著高于对照组的52.56%;观察组术后发生2级和3级感染的患者分别为30例与9例,显著多于对照组的16例与2例;观察组患者术后TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6,均显著高于治疗前,也高于对照组治疗后水平;观察组患者术后前白蛋白水平为(0.10±0.03)pg/ml,显著低于治疗前的(0.25±0.06)pg/ml,也低于对照组治疗后的(0.15±0.05)pg/ml,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肝脏脂肪变性加大肝脏切除术后感染发生率,在临床治疗过程中,需特别关注。     

人工关节置换术术后医院感染经济损失的病例对照研究

目的探讨人工关节置换术患者术后医院感染所造成的经济损失,使医务人员对人工关节置换术术后医院感染的危害有更直观的认识,提高其感染预防控制意识。方法采用1∶1配对病例对照研究方法,选取两所医院2013年4月-2015年6月人工关节置换术术后发生医院感染患者34例作为病例组,同期未发生感染的34例患者作为对照组,比较两组患者住院费用等差异。结果病例组和对照组患者的平均总费用(中位数)分别为81 844、67 574元(P<0.01),平均每例患者由医院感染所造成的经济损失为14 270元,直接经济损失11 662元,间接经济损失2 115元,延长住院日8d;在直接分类费用中,病例组与对照组的西药费、治疗费、床位费、化验费、护理费、诊查费、其他费比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在间接分类费用中,病例组与对照组的伙食费、误工费、陪护费比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论人工关节置换术术后发生医院感染明显增加患者的直接费用、间接费用和住院时间,给患者造成巨大的经济损失,应采取有效管理方法,控制医院感染。     

A pilot study of the safety and efficacy of cholestin in treating HIV-related dyslipidemia

OBJECTIVE: We collected preliminary safety and efficacy data on the effects of Cholestin, a statin-containing dietary supplement, in individuals with dsylipidemia related to human immunodeficiency virus. METHODS: Fourteen adults with dsylipidemia related to human immunodeficiency virus characterized by hypercholesterolemia, hypertriacylglycerolemia, or both participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study in an infectious disease clinic based in an academic medical center. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 1.2 g of Cholestin twice daily (n = 7) or placebo (n = 7) for 8 wk. The main outcome measures were safety (hepatic function tests, plasma human immunodeficiency virus-1 RNA levels, CD4(+) cell counts, adverse effects) and efficacy (fasting serum cholesterol: total, high- and low-density lipoproteins, and fasting serum triacylglycerols). Safety and efficacy outcomes were evaluated at 2- and 8-wk intervals. RESULTS: Twelve participants (n = 6 per group) completed the 8-wk treatment protocol. After 8 wk of treatment with Cholestin, there were significant declines from baseline in mean (+/- standard error of the mean) fasting total cholesterol (-30.8 +/- 8.8 versus 7.7 +/- 5.6; P = 0.01) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-32.2 +/- 7.2 versus 26.3 +/- 14.2; P = 0.01) versus placebo. Moreover, the decline in fasting total cholesterol was significant (-40.2 +/- 4.8 versus 2.8 +/- 11.9; P = 0.006) after 2 wk of therapy, at which time the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol approached significance (-30.2 +/- 7.4 versus 4.4 +/- 15.2; P = 0.068). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels did not change at either time point. No adverse effects were seen with Cholestin.CONCLUSIONS: Cholestin may safely lower total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with dsylipidemia related to human immunodeficiency virus. Larger and longer-term trials of this approach are warranted.     

Growth hormone enables effective nutrition by peripheral vein in postoperative patients: a pilot study.

The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the metabolic effects of growth hormone (GH) (Humatrope, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, IN) administration in postoperative (PO) patients receiving peripheral vein nutrition. Seven, well-nourished, nondiabetic patients undergoing elective surgical procedures were given either no drug (n = 3), GH 30 micrograms/kg/day (n = 2), or GH 60 micrograms/kg/day (n = 2) sub-Q daily until eating, up to 7 days PO. All the patients received 5% dextrose with electrolytes in the first 24 hours PO and then received calories at 80 +/? 5% of the measured resting energy expenditure (REE) and amino acid at 1 g/kg/day with electrolytes, vitamins, and minerals. There were no significant outcome differences between the 30 and 60 micrograms/kg/day groups and, therefore, these groups were analyzed together (n = 4). By day 6 of the study, the GH group had a significant reduction in the respiratory quotient (RQ) measured by indirect calorimetry; an increase in nitrogen retention; an increase in plasma transferrin concentrations; and an increase in plasma insulinlike growth factor (IGF1) concentration. There was no increase in blood glucose concentrations, or decrease in urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion; and no adverse effects occurred. We concluded that GH in PO patients on hypocaloric nutrition promoted protein synthesis, fat oxidation, and nitrogen retention. Effective parenteral nutritional support in postoperative adult patients can be achieved without the use of central vein access.     

免疫肠内营养在高龄胃癌病人术后免疫调节作用的观察

目的:观察免疫肠内营养对高龄胃癌病人术后恢复、免疫功能、营养状况的影响。方法:将68例高龄胃癌病人(70岁)手术后随机分为免疫肠内+肠外营养(EN+PN)组和肠外营养(PN)组。于术前1 d、术后第1和第7天检测相关的营养和免疫血清指标,观察术后恢复情况,并比较和分析。结果:两组病人术后第1天血清总蛋白(TP)、清蛋白(ALB)、前清蛋白(PA)、Ig G、Ig A水平以及CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8较术前1 d有显著下降。术后7天EN+PN组血清TP、ALB、PA、Ig G、Ig A以及CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8与PN组比有显著性差异(P0.01)。术后EN+PN组和PN组发生术后并发症无显著性差异。结论:早期使用肠内免疫营养制剂,可改善高龄胃癌病人手术后的免疫功能和营养状态。     

肝移植术后病人应用鱼油脂肪乳的临床研究

目的:探讨鱼油脂肪乳在肝移植术后的临床应用及其对预后的影响. 方法:将36例肝移植术后病人随机分为鱼油组和对照组,每组18例.术后第2天开始给予等氮等热量的营养支持,共6d,其中鱼油组ω-6/ω-3比值为2∶1,对照组为7∶1.病人分别于术前、术后第2、5、8天抽血检测肝肾功能、血清清蛋白(ALB)、前清蛋白(PA)、...     

肝移植患者术后感染病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的 探讨肝移植术后感染患者病原菌的分布及耐药性特点,为临床合理选择抗菌药物提供依据.方法 回顾性分析医院2007年1月-2011年12月肝移植术后感染患者送检的各类标本分离的病原菌分布及耐药性.结果 307例肝移植患者中有112例术后发生感染,感染率36.5％;分离出196株病原菌包括176株细菌和20株真菌,其中,铜绿假单胞菌43株占21.9％,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌24株占12.2％,粪肠球菌24株占12.2％,白色假丝酵母菌12株占6.1％,曲霉菌属5株占2.5％;病原菌耐药性较高,碳青霉烯类与大环内酯类抗菌药物是治疗革兰阴性杆菌与革兰阳性球菌最有效的抗菌药物,氟康唑与伏立康唑是治疗真菌感染最有效的抗菌药物.结论 感染是肝移植术后主要并发症之一,其病原菌呈多药耐药性,有效预防与早期治疗是控制感染的关键.