单侧椎弓根螺钉置入并椎间融合对邻近椎间盘节段退变的影响

背景:坚强内固定和良好融合存在严重缺陷和不足。目前还未见临床应用单侧椎弓根螺钉固定结合椎间cage植骨融合治疗腰椎退变性疾病对邻近节段退变影响的相关报道。目的:回顾分析单侧椎弓根螺钉固定结合椎间cage植骨融合治疗部分腰椎退变性疾病后对固定融合邻近上下节段退变的影响。方法:2006-03/2009-12对收治的部分腰椎管狭窄症、腰椎失稳及腰椎间盘脱出症患者22例,进行了单侧椎弓根螺钉固定加椎间cage植骨融合,术中不显露对侧。在固定融合后3,6,12,20个月及取出内固定钉棒后3,6个月,随访X射线片及MRI。针对X射线片运用角平分线法测量固定融合邻近上位椎间隙高度变化,MRI测量椎间盘髓核退变情况。结果与结论:所有病例获得随访,患者椎管狭窄症状及神经根性症状消失,并且在随访期间内没有新的临床症状出现。固定融合前、固定融合后3,6,12,20个月邻近节段上位椎间隙高度分别为(7.420±0.0354),(7.4266±0.0369),(7.4533±0.0369),(7.5166±0.0369),(7.4308±0.0369)mm,结果表明,腰椎单侧固定融合后邻近节段椎间隙高度无明显变化(P>0.05)。MRI测量结果显示,固定融合邻近上位椎间盘髓核信号在T2加权像无明显退变。提示单侧椎弓根螺钉固定结合椎间融合治疗部分腰椎退变性疾病能有效预防固定融合邻近上下节段退变。     

腰椎间盘髓核退变的MRI研究(英文)

Objective The purpose of this study was to correlate T2 signal intensity values in nucleus pulposus of lumbar discs with patient age,gender and stage of nucleus pulposus degeneration.Methods Lumbar imaging findings of 422 cases subjects were retrospectively reviewed through T2 signal intensity values of nucleus pulposus evaluated based on the signal intensity values of MR T2-weighted mid-sagittal images of the lumbar spine,the t2 signal intensity values at all five lumbar levels (from L5-S1 to L1-L2) between male and female were used independent sample t-test and the Spearman correlation analysis.The age and grade of nucleus pulposus of disc degeneration and T2 signal intensity values were estimated by calculating and Chi-square test and the Spearman correlation analysis.The t-test was used to correlate the different anatomic levels of disc degeneration;T2 signal intensity values among the five different anatomic levels using non-parametric correlation analysis.Results There were significantly differences in T2 signal intensity values of nucleus pulposus at the same grade and anatomic level between male and female.Advanced with age,T2 signal intensity values of nucleus pulposus decreased and stage of disc degeneration increased accordingly.T2 signal intensity values may represent the nucleus pulposus degeneration of interverterbral disc.L4-L5 was the highest incidence among the nucleus pulposus degeneration of intervertebral disc.Conclusions The T2 signal intensity values based approach may be a feasible and practical tool to determine nucleus pulposus degeneration.T2 signal intensity values of nucleus pulposus of lumbar intervertebral disc are correlated with grade of degeneration and patient age.     

磁共振波谱成像、T2弛豫时间、扩散加权成像对腰椎间盘退变的初步研究

目的 探讨腰椎间盘磁共振波谱成像(MR spectroscopy,MRS)水峰相对值、T2值(T2 relaxation times)、表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)值在腰椎间盘退变中的价值.方法 分析比较40例受试者腰椎间盘T2值、ADC值及MRS水峰相对值与椎间...     

单侧椎弓根螺钉置入并椎间融合对邻近椎间盘节段退变的影晌

背景：坚强内固定和良好融合存在严重缺陷和不足。目前还未见临床应用单侧椎弓根螺钉固定结合椎间cage植骨融合治疗腰椎退变性疾病对邻近节段退变影响的相关报道。目的：回顾分析单侧椎弓根螺钉固定结合椎间cage植骨融合治疗部分腰椎退变性疾病后对固定融合邻近上下节段退变的影响。方法：2006-03／2009-12对收治的部分腰椎管狭窄症、腰椎失稳及腰椎间盘脱出症患者22例,进行了单侧椎弓根螺钉固定加椎间cage植骨融合,术中不显露对侧。在固定融合后3,6,12,20个月及取出内固定钉棒后3,6个月,随访X射线片及MRI。针对X射线片运用角平分线法测量固定融合邻近上位椎间隙高度变化,MRI测量椎间盘髓核退变情况。结果与结论：所有病例获得随访,患者椎管狭窄症状及神经根性症状消失,并且在随访期间内没有新的临床症状出现。固定融合前、固定融合后3,6,12,20个月邻近节段上位椎间隙高度分别为（7.420±0.0354）,（7.4266±0.0369）,（7.4533±0.0369）,（7.5166±0.0369）,（7.4308±0.0369）mm,结果表明,腰椎单侧固定融合后邻近节段椎间隙高度无明显变化（P〉0.05）。MRI测量结果显示,固定融合邻近上位椎间盘髓核信号在T2加权像无明显退变。提示单侧椎弓根螺钉固定结合椎间融合治疗部分腰椎退变性疾病能有效预防崮定融合邻近上下节段退变。     

腰椎间盘退变MRI:与Modic改变相关的影像学分析

背景:部分椎间盘源性下腰痛患者MRI可出现Modic改变,但Modic改变的相关因素及Modic改变与椎间盘退变之间因果关系目前尚不十分清楚。目的:分析存在腰椎间盘Modic改变的下腰痛患者性别、年龄分布特点及腰椎间盘发生Modic改变的相关因素。方法:回顾性分析634例(2536个椎间盘)存在腰椎间盘Modic改变患者的性别、年龄分布特点,并分析腰椎间盘Modic改变与椎间盘突出或膨出、Schmorl结节、椎体滑脱、椎间盘解剖水平及椎间盘退行性改变程度的相关性。结果与结论:634例患者中,女性患者ModicⅡ、Ⅲ型出现率均较男性高,而ModicⅠ型出现率小于男性患者(P<0.001);40岁以上患者较40岁以下患者Modic各型改变的出现率均高(P<0.001)。2536个腰椎间盘中,有椎体滑脱、出现Schmorl结节、有椎间盘突出或膨出者Modic各型改变的出现率均比无此类表现者高(P<0.001);L4/5、L5/S1水平(低位)Modic各型改变的出现率均比L2/3、L3/4水平(高位)高(P<0.001);椎间盘退行性改变越严重,Modic各型改变的出现率越高(P<0.001)。椎间盘退行性改变分级、Schmorl结节与Modic改变有显著相关性。结果说明,腰椎间盘Modic改变与患者性别、年龄、椎间盘有无突出或膨出、有无Schmorl结节、椎体有无滑脱、椎间盘解剖水平及椎间盘退行性改变分级均有相关性。其中,椎间盘退行性改变分级、Schmorl结节与腰椎间盘Modic改变间的相关性最高,且椎间盘退行性改变分级较Schmorl结节与之相关性更高。     

腰骶椎矢状位形态学改变与椎间盘退变的MRI评价

背景：目前关于椎间盘退变在MRI上的影像学表现及其与下腰痛的关系报道甚多,但腰骶椎矢状位形态学改变与椎间盘退变程度的关系国内尚未见相关报道。目的：观察下腰痛患者腰骶椎矢状位形态学改变与椎间盘退变的关系,并探讨其临床意义。方法：对主诉下腰痛来安徽医科大学第一附属医院门诊就诊并行MRI检查的患者做回顾性分析,选择年龄20～30岁的女性患者167例,在MRI正中矢状面的T2W1图像上观察椎间盘的信号改变及退变程度,评价退变分级,测量每个患者的腰椎前凸角,骶骨平台角及骶椎后凸角度。结果与结论：椎间盘退变组与无椎间退变组腰椎前凸角分别为（24.31±3.48）°和（26.29±3.74）°,差异有显著性意义（P=0.001）;骶骨平台角分别为（102.97±5.58）°和（100.70±3.26）°,差异有显著性意义（P=0.002）;骶骨后凸角分别为（163.45±7.03）°和（167.24±6.71）°,差异有显著性意义（P=0.001）。提示腰椎前凸角、骶骨后凸角、骶骨平台角是评价椎间盘退变程度的形态学参数,腰椎前凸角和骶骨后凸角随椎间盘退变加重而减小,骶骨平台角随椎间盘退变加重而增大。     

腰椎间盘突出症磁共振成像下终板形态及其与椎间盘退变的关系

目的研究腰椎间盘突出患者下腰椎MRI 终板形态的分布规律,分析终板形态和椎间盘突出、Modic 改变的关系。方法回顾分析110 例腰椎间盘突出患者术前腰椎MRI。根据正中矢状面T1像将终板形态分型。根据Pfirrmann 法评定椎间盘退变等级。结果下腰椎终板最常见形态为凹面型。随着节段的下降,平坦型终板逐渐多见,L5~S1节段主要为平坦型。不规则型终板最少,且主要集中在L5~S1节段。终板形态由凹面型到平坦型再到不规则型,对应的间盘退变程度逐渐加重(P<0.05)。椎间盘突出节段以平坦型和不规则型终板多于凹面型多见,无突出节段则以凹面型多见(P<0.01),而平坦型和不规则型间无显著性差异(P>0.01)。不规则型终板比凹面型和平坦型更容易伴发Modic 改变(P<0.01),凹面型和平坦型间无显著性差异(P>0.01)。结论终板形态变化能在一定程度上反映椎间盘突出时间盘的退变情况。不规则型终板更容易伴发Modic 改变。     

定量磁共振T2映射成像在椎间盘退变中的研究进展

椎间盘退变是引起下腰背痛的主要原因之一,影像学的检查是诊断椎间盘退变的重要手段。传统MRI技术虽可显示椎间盘的信号强度和形态学改变,但很难客观量化椎间盘退变的程度。T2 mapping技术能够检测椎间盘内水含量、蛋白多糖含量及胶原纤维排列顺序等多种生化成分,为椎间盘退变早期临床评估提供新的方法。本文从T2 mapping与其他定量磁共振技术对比,及其与椎间盘退变分级、日本骨科学会评分、视觉模拟评分及年龄、性别等联系论述定量磁共振T2映射成像在椎间盘退变中的研究进展。     

兔腰椎间盘退行性病变模型的建立及影像学改变

背景:建立最佳的椎间盘退行性病变动物模型对了解椎间盘退行性病变的发生机制、预防与治疗均具有重要意义.目的:以针刺损伤制备兔椎间盘退行性病变模型,通过X射线及MRI分析针刺损伤对椎间盘高度及退行性病变的影响.设计:随机对照观察.单位:解放军第二军医大学长海医院骨科.材料:实验于2005-06/2006-04在解放军第二军医大学长海医院动物中心完成,选用6只健康新西兰大白兔,雌雄不拘,平均6月龄,体质量平均为2.5 kg,均来自解放军第二军医大学长海医院动物中心,许可证号码为SCXK (hu) 2002-0006.实验过程中对动物的处置符合动物伦理学标准.方法:①采用腹膜后入路对实验兔腰椎进行手术,以L3～4椎间盘为正常对照, 不做处置;L4～5椎间盘作为假手术,只进行暴露;L5～6椎间盘暴露后用24 G针头从椎间盘的前外侧针刺3次.②分别于术前及术后4周采用Simens公司CR机拍摄腰椎正侧位X射线片,测量L3～4,L4～5及L5～6椎间隙高度,计算与术前椎间隙高度比值;采用Simens Avanto 1.5 T 医用超导型磁共振扫描仪检测各节段腰椎间盘T2加权信号,根据信号强度记分,4分为正常椎间盘,髓核内信号均匀、明亮;3分为轻微退行性病变椎间盘,T2加权信号部分降低;2分为中度椎间盘退行性病变,T2加权信号明显降低;1分为重度椎间盘退行性病变,其T2加权信号明显降低,而且伴有椎间隙狭窄.主要观察指标:①腰椎X射线侧位片椎间盘高度变化.②椎间盘退行性病变程度.结果:纳入实验兔6只,均进入结果分析,无脱落.①椎间盘高度变化:L3～4及L4～5术后与术前椎间盘高度比分别为0.982 5±0.017 08,0.972 5±0.017 08,均高于L5～6椎间盘高度比(0.550 0±0.025 82),差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.01).②腰椎MRI的T2加权像上观察椎间盘退行性病变程度:L3～4及L4～5椎间盘T2加权像信号得分分别为(4.00±0.0),(3.75±0.5)分,均高于L5～6椎间盘,差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.01).结论:针刺损伤实验兔椎间盘4周后可造成椎间盘高度降低,并使椎间盘出现明显退行性病变.     

Effects of standing on lumbar spine alignment and intervertebral disc geometry in young,healthy individuals determined by positional magnetic resonance imaging

BackgroundMost diagnostic imaging of the spine is performed in supine, a relatively unloaded position. Although the spine is subjected to functional loading that changes the spinal alignment and intervertebral disc geometry, little data exists on how healthy spines adapt to standing. This study seeks to quantify the changes of the lumbar spine from supine to standing in young, back-healthy individuals using a positional magnetic resonance imaging system.MethodsThis is an observational study that examined the changes in the lumbar spine alignment and intervertebral disc geometry between supine and standing of forty participants (19 males/21 females) without a history of low back pain. The regional lumbar spinal alignment was measured by the sagittal Cobb angle. Segmental intervertebral disc measurements included the segmental Cobb angle, anterior-to-posterior height ratio, and intervertebral disc width measured at L1/L2 - L5/S1 levels. Intra-class correlation was performed for intra- and inter-observer measurements.FindingsThe intra-observer intra-class correlation consistency model ranged from 0.76 to 0.98 with the inter-observer correlation ranging from 0.68 to 0.99. The Cobb angle decreased in standing. The L5/S1 segmental Cobb angle decreased in standing. The L2/L3 and L3/L4 anterior-to-posterior height ratios increased and the L5/S1 anterior-to-posterior height ratio decreased in standing. No difference in intervertebral disc widths was observed from supine to standing.InterpretationsWe established normative data for a back-healthy population, using a positional magnetic resonance imaging system, that could inform future investigations that examine the standing-induced adaptations of the lumbar spine in individuals with spinal or intervertebral disc pathologies.     

Reality about migration of the nucleus pulposus within the intervertebral disc with changing postures

Background

Previous studies reported that, in non-degenerate discs, the nucleus pulposus migrates posteriorly during flexion and anteriorly during extension within the intervertebral disc. However, in these studies the differences between anterior and posterior distances have been regarded as an indicator of nucleus pulposus migration. This study investigated the reality of migration of the nucleus pulposus within the intervertebral disc with changing postures.

Method

Magnetic resonance images were obtained of the lumbar spines of 25 asymptomatic volunteers in sitting, standing and supine postures. The anterior and posterior height of the intervertebral disc, the anterior -posterior length of the intervertebral disc and nucleus pulposus, and the positions of the anterior and posterior margins of the nucleus were measured from mid-line sagittal images.

Findings

Changing postures altered the anterior and posterior height of the disc and three types of morphological changes, including changes in the anterior -posterior lengths of the intervertebral disc and nucleus pulposus, together with the position of the nucleus in the disc were found. The length of the intervertebral disc and nucleus pulposus changed under the variations in spinal loading caused by posture.

Interpretation

The results of this study indicated that the apparent nucleus pulposus migration within intervertebral disc is actually deformation of the nucleus pulposus length which depends on posture and the magnitude of the load. In other words, adopting different postures deforms the nucleus pulposus and therefore, changes the position of the nucleus pulposus but there is no apparent nucleus pulposus migration within the intervertebral disc.     

MRI表观弥散系数与腰椎间盘退变分级的相关性

目的 探讨腰椎间盘髓核弥散能力与其退变程度、解剖水平的相关性。方法 收集符合纳入标准的慢性下腰痛患者42例,行腰椎MRI,扫描序列为矢状位T1W、T2W及轴位T2W、DTI,椎间盘按Pfirrmann分级。测量不同退变分级及不同解剖水平各椎间盘髓核相对ADC值并进行比较,分析椎间盘退变分级、解剖水平与ADC值的相关性。结果 210个椎间盘(L_1-2~L₅-S₁各42个),Pfirrmann分级Ⅱ~Ⅴ级分别为73个、95个、38个、4个。所有椎间盘相对ADC值平均为0.45±0.10,Ⅱ~Ⅴ级分别为0.48±0.08、0.45±0.10、0.42±0.09、0.23±0.15;L_1-2~L₅-S₁分别为0.44±0.08、0.45±0.08、0.45±0.10、0.45±0.11、0.45±0.12。不同退变分级椎间盘的ADC值差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);两两比较,除Ⅲ级与Ⅳ级两组总体无差异(P＞0.05)外,其他各级之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。椎间盘ADC值与Pfirrmann退变分级具有相关性(r=-0.25,P<0.05)。结论 DTI可定量评价椎间盘退变。     

烟酰胺对压力诱发免腰椎间盘退变的保护作用

背景:最近研究已经证实,烟酰胺能够促进椎间盘细胞的增殖并对椎间盘退变有改善作用.目的:验证烟酰胺对压力诱发的兔腰椎间盘退变的保护作用.设计、时间及地点:随机对照动物实验,于2008-11/2009-04在华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院中心实验室及骨科实验室完成.材料:4月龄日本大白兔24只,体质量2.0 kg;烟酰胺为天津市大茂化学试剂厂产品.方法:取24只日本大白兔随机分入1～6组,采用可控轴向压力,以98 N压力诱发椎间盘退变建立兔腰椎间盘退变模型,并按分组要求给予兔口服烟酰胺;第1组2只,安装加压装置不予加压或给药;第2组2只,给予50mg/kg烟酰胺口服1周:第3组5只,以98N压力加压1周;第4组5只,以98 N压力加压1周,去除压力自行恢复1周;第5组5只,加压1周同时给予50 mg/kg烟酰胺口服1周;第6组5只,自加压开始时持续给予50 mg/kg烟酰胺,加压1周,然后去除压力后恢复1周.主要观察指标:以Thompson分级法及腰椎间盘磁共振评价退变程度;苏木精-伊红染色、Ⅱ型胶原免疫组织化学染色及藏红O-快绿染色考察其组织学改变:P161NK4A免疫组织化学染色检测细胞增殖和衰老状态的变化.结果:①第2组椎间盘未见明显退变;第3组5只动物Thompson分级均为Ⅱ级,第4组4只为Ⅱ级,1只为Ⅲ级,第5组2只为Ⅰ级,3只为Ⅱ级,第6组3只为Ⅰ级,2只为Ⅱ级.MRI也显示,服用烟酰胺的动物椎间盘退变程度有所减轻.②第6组纤维环Ⅱ型胶原含量较第4组高约53.2%(P＜0.01).③第2组藏红O染色强度较第1组有所上升;第5,6组髓核和纤维环染色强度均高于第4组的相对应部位,其中以第6组髓核上升最为明显(P＜0.01,P＜0.01),第6组较第5组有轻微上升.④P161NK4A阳性率随烟酰胺给药时间延长而降低.结论:烟酰胺有助于减轻压力对椎间盘的损伤,能够促进压力损伤后的椎间盘恢复.     

犬椎间盘退变超声显像的初步实验研究

目的:明确应用超声显像评价椎间盘退变的可行性,为临床应用奠定基础。方法:对13只不同年龄犬腰骶部椎间盘进行离体超声扫查,根据椎间盘退变的病理基础对超声图像进行分析并将其分级。结果:超声图像大致分为4级退变阶段,纤维环与髓核在每个退变阶段的声像图上均有不同的特点。结论:超声能够清晰显示椎间盘组织的内部结构信息,反映其进行性退变的病理结构改变。     

成人退变腰椎间盘髓核组织中端粒酶表达及意义

目的探讨端粒酶在成人退变腰椎间盘髓核组织中的表达及与腰椎间盘髓核组织退变的关系。方法 8例腰椎间盘退行性病变患者(观察组),取手术摘除退变椎间盘髓核组织,8例腰椎骨折患者(对照组),取手术摘除非明显退变腰椎间盘髓核组织,采用免疫组织化学法检测2组端粒酶阳性表达情况,ELISA法检测端粒酶、Ⅱ型胶原纤维、硫酸软骨素相对表达量,Spearman相关法分析观察组端粒酶与Ⅱ型胶原纤维、硫酸软骨素的相关性。结果观察组髓核组织端粒酶阳性表达率(2.1%)低于对照组(4.3%)(P<0.05),髓核组织端粒酶、Ⅱ型胶原纤维、硫酸软骨素相对表达量吸光度值(7.62±0.98、59.45±6.32、3.31±0.38)低于对照组(15.52±0.94、69.33±5.86、4.64±0.29)(P<0.05);Spearman相关分析结果显示,观察组端粒酶与Ⅱ型胶原纤维(r=0.488,P<0.001)、硫酸软骨素(r=0.673,P<0.001)表达均呈正相关。结论端粒酶参与了腰椎间盘髓核组织的退变过程,且端粒酶表达下调,Ⅱ型胶原纤维、硫酸软骨素表达降低。     

The effect of partial removal of the nucleus pulposus from the intervertebral disc on the response of the human annulus fibrosus to compression

OBJECTIVE: To determine how partial removal of the nucleus changes the response of the annulus to compression. DESIGN: The deformation of the annulus in the mid-sagittal plane, during compression, was determined from digital video images. BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that removal of the nucleus changes the external behaviour of the intervertebral disc, but few studies have investigated changes to internal behaviour. METHODS: Six frozen human lumbar discs were bisected in the sagittal plane to produce 12 specimens. The cut surfaces were marked with seven dots of Alcian blue stain. The specimens were sealed, enabling their internal structure to be viewed directly by a digital video recording system, and thawed. The video system recorded the response of each specimen as it was compressed by up to 1.8 mm at a rate of 0.2 mm s(-1). The displacements of the Alcian blue marks were measured using an image analysis program. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate the validity of this technique. RESULTS: Partial removal of the nucleus changed the way that the disc deformed under compression. A highly significant change in direction of movement was seen in the inner posterior region of the annulus. CONCLUSIONS: Partial removal of the nucleus changes the response of the annulus to compression. RELEVANCE: Partial denucleation of the human intervertebral disc is shown to change the direction of bulging of the inner annulus when the disc is compressed. Increases in shear stress, arising from these changes, may lead to further disc degeneration in the form of circumferential tears.     

山羊腰椎间盘退变模型硬膜外胶原酶的注射

背景：采用椎间盘外、硬膜外腔注射胶原酶治疗椎间盘突出症的机制,目前尚不完全清楚。目的：观察硬膜外注射胶原酶对椎间盘退变动物模型的作用。方法：成年山羊6只,麻醉后作侧外方切口至腰椎体腹侧,椎板加压并用钢板螺钉固定,L1/L2,L3/L4椎间盘分别注射0.5无水乙醇建立椎间盘退变模型。硬膜外注射实验用胶原酶1mL,2周后处死动物,取出椎间盘,作电镜切片观察。结果与结论：电镜下显示：退变的椎间盘纤维环上有裂隙,退变的椎间盘的胶原纤维明显溶解,未退变的椎间盘未有溶解。提示硬膜外注射胶原酶通过纤维环上的裂隙渗透到盘内,发生化学溶解作用,从而达到治疗作用。     

年轻患者腰椎间盘Pfirrmann分级与椎间盘膨出及突出的相关性研究

目的通过磁共振成像,观察30岁以下腰痛患者腰椎间盘退行性改变的Pfirrmann分级特征以及相关的其他改变,并评价Pfirrmann分级与椎间盘膨出及突出的相关性。材料与方法回顾性分析83例30岁以下因腰痛行腰椎MRI检查的患者,其中男50例,女33例,平均年龄25岁。由2名影像科医师对MR图像进行分析,观察L1~S1椎间盘信号、椎间盘形态、纤维环撕裂、椎间盘膨出、椎间盘突出、椎体终板及许莫氏结节的改变。椎间盘退行性改变采用Pfirrmann分级。观察指标的相关性分析采用Pearson多元相关分析。结果纳入研究的椎间盘共415个,其中Pfirrmann分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级退变322个(77.6%),Ⅲ级退变56个(13.5%),Ⅳ级退变33个(7.9%),Ⅴ级退变4个(1.0%);103个椎间盘出现膨出或突出;椎间盘膨出以L4~5椎间盘最多(42.2%),且多合并Ⅲ级退变(51.1%);椎间盘突出以L5~S1椎间盘最多(51.7%),且多合并Ⅳ级退变(46.6%);17例患者出现椎间盘后方高信号区(HIZ),且均位于L4~5、L5~S1椎间盘水平;3例患者出现终板退变。多元相关分析结果显示PfirrmannⅢ级退变与椎间盘膨出有明显相关性(r=0.972;P=0.006),与椎间盘突出无明显相关性(r=0.639;P=0.245);PfirrmannⅣ级退变与椎间盘突出(r=0.999,P=0.000)及HIZ(r=0.919,P=0.028)有明显相关性,与椎间盘膨出无明显相关性(r=0.769,P=0.128)。HIZ与椎间盘膨出(r=0.919,P=0.027)及突出(r=0.935,P=0.020)均有相关性。结论腰椎MRI成像能够清晰显示年轻患者椎间盘早期退行性改变的不同病理阶段;PfirrmannⅢ退变与PfirrmannⅣ级退变分别与椎间盘膨出和椎间盘突出有相关性;年轻患者应及早发现椎间盘早期退变,以对临床评价提供更有价值信息。     

兔腰椎间盘髓核穿刺抽吸后的影像及组织病理学变化

背景：髓核摘除后椎间盘会随时间出现什么样的影像学及组织病理学变化,目前尚不明确。目的：观察兔腰椎间盘髓核穿刺抽吸术后影像学及组织病理学的变化。方法：32只日本大耳白兔,用21号针头行L3“椎间盘后外侧穿刺抽吸出部分髓核组织,L2/3椎间盘作为正常对照椎间盘,于抽吸后2,4,8,12周时按照分组取8只兔子行腰椎侧位X射线检查,测量L3/4、L2／3椎间隙高度并计算椎间盘高度指数,行正中矢状位MRI检查及椎间盘组织病理学检查。结果与结论：髓核抽吸后2,4,8,12周椎间盘高度呈逐渐降低趋势,但8-12周变化减小,与正常对照组椎间盘相比,各时间点椎间盘高度指数显著降低（尸〈0．05）。抽吸后2,4,8,12周的髓核信号强度随时间逐渐降低,8周时已达改良Thompson分级标准的4级。抽吸后凝胶状髓核组织随时间逐渐出现裂隙,形态逐渐紊乱,12周时呈现明显的纤维化表现,髓核4周时出现较多的类软骨细胞,呈现活跃状态,髓核细胞明显减少,抽吸后8．12周髓核内纤维样细胞增多,类软骨细胞数量减少,纤维环随时间逐渐出现扭曲,排列紊乱,突起,出现分层、纤维断裂现象。说明后外侧纤维环穿刺髓核抽吸后,兔腰椎间盘X射线高度、MRIT2加权信号强度随时间逐渐降低、减弱,椎间盘组织逐渐出现退变病理改变,但8—12周其变化趋于缓和。     

软骨终板形态与椎间盘退变的相关性

背景:以往研究证明多种内环境因素共同作用引发椎间盘退变,最重要的机制为椎间盘软骨终板的退变。目的:分析椎间盘退变与终板形态的关系。方法:回顾性分析62例因椎间盘源性慢性下腰痛和79例因髓核脱出致神经根性症状患者的腰椎MRI正中矢状位图像资料。根据腰椎MRI正中矢状位T1W1图像确定终板形态,T2W1图像确定椎间盘退变程度分级。结果与结论:平坦型和不规则型终板最常见于椎间盘退变人群下腰椎,L5/S1平坦型最多见。髓核脱出组与椎间盘源性慢性下腰痛组中凹陷型终板椎间盘退变程度均较平坦型、不规则型低,平坦型终板椎间盘退变程度较不规则型低(P<0.01)。两组间凹陷型与不规则型终板椎间盘退变程度差异无显著性意义,髓核脱出组平坦型椎间盘退变程度较椎间盘源性慢性下腰痛组高(P<0.05)。提示随着椎间盘退变程度的加重,软骨终板形态有由凹陷型向平坦型、不规则型依次转变的趋势。