脑卒中合并卵圆孔未闭临床及文献分析

目的:探讨脑卒中合并卵圆孔未闭(PFO)患者的临床特征。方法:回顾性分析2002年1月²012年11月我院收治的及万方数据库和中国医知网报道的脑卒中合并PFO患者41例的临床资料。结果:本组患者年龄<55岁35例(85.4%),有少量吸烟史9例,高血压5例,高血脂1例,糖尿病2例;左侧大隐静脉瓣膜功能不全1例,下肢深静脉血栓6例,髋关节置换术后2例;卵圆孔缺损直径≥2 mm者26例(86.7%);头颅MRI示皮质下白质额叶区、顶叶区梗死各12例。结论:脑卒中合并PFO患者发病年龄偏小,多无常规脑血管病危险因素,卵圆孔缺损直径≥2 mm易发病,确诊需经食管超声心动图、经颅多普勒超声造影等辅助检查。     

卵圆孔未闭与偏头痛发病相关性的Meta分析

目的:采用Meta分析探讨卵圆孔未闭(PFO)与偏头痛发病的相关性。方法:计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、The Cochrane Library、Web of Science、CNKI、VIP、WanFang Data及CBM数据库,收集观察PFO与偏头痛发病相关性的病例对照研究或横断面研究或队列研究,检索时限从建库至2018年8月1日。由两名评价者按照纳入与排除标准筛选文献、提取资料,并进行NOS文献质量评价,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入30篇文献,样本量为9 177例。Meta分析结果显示偏头痛组与健康对照组PFO发生率差异有统计学意义(OR=3.19,95%CI为2.20～4.63,P0.01),先兆偏头痛组与健康对照组PFO发生率差异有统计学意义(OR=3.71,95%CI为2.13～6.46,P0.01),无先兆偏头痛组PFO发生率高于健康对照组(OR=1.48,95%CI为1.09～2.00,P=0.01),先兆性偏头痛组PFO发生率高于无先兆性偏头痛组(OR=2.32,95%CI为1.96～2.76,P0.01)。PFO组的偏头痛率高于健康对照组(OR=2.58,95%CI为1.57～4.25,P0.01)。结论:PFO与偏头痛存在明显相关性。     

Migraine With Neurological Features in a Scuba Diver With a Patent Foramen Ovale

Neurologic complications of decompression sickness have been observed for over half of a century. Little is known, however, about the risk of diving in patients that suffer from migraine with aura (MWA). We report the case of a pediatric patient with a history of migraine with aura, who was later found to have a PFO, who developed headache with neurological symptoms during a scuba diving lesson.     

卵圆孔封堵术治疗偏头痛合并右向左分流的临床研究

目的:评价卵圆孔封堵术治疗偏头痛合并右向左分流(RLS)的临床疗效及安全性。方法:偏头痛合并RLS患者114例随机分为手术组及对照组,各57例;手术组采用卵圆孔封堵术治疗,对照组采用常规药物治疗。观察治疗后1年2组HIT-6评分与评分差值;术后1月内与1年后并发症发生率;术后24 h与1年后残余分流及新发梗死灶情况。结果:治疗1年后,手术组HIT-6评分为(49.57±4.58)分,差值为(14.38±3.57)分;对照组HIT-6评分为(56.85±5.69)分,差值为(8.64±2.24)分,2组差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后1月内发生并发症11例(19.30%),1年后并发症均消失。术后24 h大量残余分流患者8例(14.04%),1年后仅1例(1.92%)存在大量残余分流。治疗1年后,手术组患者7例出现新发梗死灶,对照组17例,2组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:卵圆孔封堵术可有效改善患者偏头疼症状,安全性高,并可降低脑卒中发病风险。     

不明原因缺血性脑卒中患者卵圆孔未闭和主动脉粥样硬化斑块的对比研究

目的 应用经食管超声心动图(TEE)探查卵圆孔未闭(PFO)及主动脉内粥样硬化复杂斑块(CA)并分析PFO及CA在不同年龄组与特发性缺血性脑卒中(CIS)的关系,寻找CIS的原因.方法 研究对象包括经TEE检查的229例CIS患者为病例组;314例无脑卒中病史但行TEE的患者作为对照组.对比分析这两组患者的不同年龄组PFO及主动脉内不同部位CA的发生率.结果 (1)与对照组相比,CIS患者的PFO发生率在年龄＜55岁及≥55 岁患者中均明显增高.(2)CA的发生率在年龄＜55岁及≥55 岁中差别均不明显.(3)多元回归分析显示 PFO 与2个年龄组CIS的发生均独立相关.结论 在导致CIS的可能致病因素中卵圆孔未闭较主动脉复杂斑块更有预测意义,而TEE检查是CIS病因诊断的可行手段.     

经颅多普勒超声与经胸超声心动图 对卵圆孔未闭诊断价值比较的Meta分析

目的：使用Meta分析的方法,比较对比增强经颅多普勒超声（c-TCD）与对比增强经胸超声心动图（c-TTE）对卵圆孔未闭（PFO）右向左分流（RLS）的诊断价值。方法：检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library CNKI、VIP、WanFang Data及CBM数据库等自建库至2021年7月3日的文献,采用统计学软件Stata15.1和RevMan5.0进行数据统计分析。结果：共检索出766篇文献,确定纳入38篇文献。Meta分析结果显示,c-TCD的合并敏感度（0.96,95%CI 0.93～0.98）高于c-TTE(0.91,95%CI 0.82～0.96),有显著性差异（Z=2.664,P=0.008）;c-TCD的合并特异度（0.93,95%CI 0.86～0.97）低于c-TTE(0.95,95%CI 0.90～0.97),差异无统计学意义（Z=0.481,P=0.630）;c-TCD的合并DOR(DOR=384,95%CI 156～943)和c-TTE(DOR=180,95%CI 78～415)之间差异无统计学意义（Z=0...     

经胸和经食管超声心动图诊断卵圆孔未闭的对比研究

目的 对比研究经胸超声心动图TTE和经食管超声心动图TEE对卵圆孔未闭(patent foramen ovale，PFO)的诊断方法和诊断价值，及对卵圆孔未闭的临床意义。方法 运用经胸及经食管超声心动图检查，诊断卵圆孔未闭24例，根据患者有无合并其他心脏疾患及合并的心脏疾患的血流动力学特点将患者分为卵圆孔未闭组及卵圆孔开放组。结果 经胸超声心动图通过CDFI观察房水平的穿隔血流对卵圆孔未闭的诊断准确率为58．3％。经食管超声心动图检查能对所有患者做出正确诊断。卵圆孔未闭组可见卵圆孔瓣上缘与继发隔之间裂缝，CDFI显示源于卵圆孔瓣与继发隔交界边缘处的穿隔血流；卵圆孔开放组可见卵圆孔瓣上缘与继发隔之间出现回声缺失，但卵圆孔瓣尚完整，CDFI于缺口处探及垂直于房间隔的穿隔分流束。结论 经食管超声心动图是目前卵圆孔未闭诊断金标准的首选方法。卵圆孔未闭可导致反常栓塞，应予以积极治疗。     

经颅多普勒超声诊断脑梗死患者卵圆孔未闭的价值

目的探讨经颅多普勒超声微泡实验对脑梗死患者卵圆孔未闭(PFO)的诊断价值。方法运用经颅多普勒超声微泡实验对经食管超声心动图诊断的28例缺血性脑卒中患者进行PFO检测,分析不同卵圆孔特点下经颅多普勒超声微泡实验对PFO诊断检出率的变化。结果 28例患者中,经颅多普勒超声微泡实验在平静呼吸状态下对PFO检出20例(71.43%),配合Valsalva动作后检出24例(85.71%)。卵圆孔大小及开放状态与PFO的检出率无关(P>0.05)。结论经颅多普勒超声微泡实验对脑梗死患者的PFO的诊断具有较高敏感性,配合Valsalva动作可以提高诊断敏感性,可以作为PFO的筛查手段。     

经颅多普勒发泡试验筛查缺血性卒中合并卵圆孔未闭的应用价值

目的探讨经颅多普勒发泡试验(c-TCD)筛查缺血性卒中合并卵圆孔未闭(PFO)的应用价值。方法收集我院神经内科450例缺血性卒中患者,均给予经食管心脏超声(TEE)、右心声学造影、c-TCD检查。观察c-TCD、TEE联合经右心声学造影检查PFO的阳性率。将TEE联合经右心声学造影检查结果视为PFO诊断的"金标准",计算c-TCD的阳性预测值、阴性预测值、灵敏度、特异度及准确率。结果 TEE联合经右心声学造影检查显示,阳性为72例,阳性率为16.00%,即450例患者中,PFO的发生率为16.00%;c-TCD检查显示,65例清晰可见微栓子信号,阳性率为14.44%,c-TCD与TEE联合经右心声学造影检查阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);c-TCD相对于TEE联合经右心声学造影的阳性预测值为96.92%、阴性预测值为97.66%、灵敏度为87.50%、特异度为99.47%、准确率为97.56%、一致性Kappa值为0.837。结论 c-TCD在筛查诊断缺血性卒中合并PFO中具有灵敏度、特异度、准确率高的特点,且无创、安全,易于患者接受,可考虑将c-TCD作为PFO的无创初筛手段,针对阳性患者再进一步做TEE+经右心声学造影检查确诊,以减轻患者的痛苦。     

彩色多普勒超声对慢性缺氧缺血性肺原性心脏病患者卵圆孔状况的评价

本文应用美国HPSONOS-100CF彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断仪对268例慢性肺心病患者进行了检查，发现以支气管哮喘为病因者及以慢性支气管炎为病国者分别有36．8％和24％的患者存在卵圆孔开放，卵圆孔直径为4．6～5．1mm，跨房间隔血流主要发生于R波后0．12s内，开放原因与肺动脉高压有关，认为此类患者的临床治疗应使用血管扩张剂以降低肺动脉压减少右向左分流。     

Diagnostic Value of Transthoracic Echocardiography for Patent Foramen Ovale: A Meta-analysis

As a non-invasive and convenient modality, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) has been widely recommended for the diagnosis of patent foramen ovale (PFO). In this study our aim was to systematically review the diagnostic accuracy of TTE in detection of PFO. We conducted comprehensive searches in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library to the end of September 1, 2012. Sixteen studies comprising 1831 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The quality of reported studies was modest. The summary sensitivity and specificity of TTE in diagnosis of PFO were 88% (95% confidence interval [CI], 79–94) and 97% (95% CI, 92–99), respectively. The positive likelihood ratio was 27.1 (95% CI, 11.2–65.1), and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.12 (95% CI, 0.07–0.22). The summary diagnostic odds ratio was 221 (95% CI, 95–518). Subgroup analyses suggested that age and initial disease may affect the accuracy of TTE in detection of PFO. The meta-analysis suggested that TTE is a test with high sensitivity and specificity in detection of PFO, but it may not be appropriate for screening for PFO in all patients, especially patients with a small right-left shunt.     

Contrast Transthoracic Echocardiography Using 50% Glucose as a Contrast Agent for Screening of a Patent Foramen Ovale

A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is considered a risk factor for neurologic events. The goal of the study described here was to assess the feasibility, advantages, diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of contrast transthoracic echocardiography examination (cTTE) using 50% glucose as a contrast agent in comparison with the use of agitated saline as contrast to screen for PFO. In our study, we found that the peak time, effective duration and duration of microbubbles produced by 50% glucose were all longer than those produced by the physiologic saline. The sensitivities for detection of PFO with cTTE using physiologic saline and 50% glucose as contrast were 83% (20/24) and 100% (24/24), respectively. TEE suggested a PFO in 24 patients in two groups. Use of 50% glucose as a contrast agent in cTTE examination enables ultrasound technicians to easily observe the right-to-left shunt across the PFO. However, the sensitivities for detection of PFO with cTTE using 50% glucose did not statistically significantly differ from those for physiologic saline.     

Patent foramen ovale and migraine: a quantitative systematic review

Initial studies indicate an increased prevalence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in migraineurs with aura, and an increased prevalence of migraine and migraine with aura in persons with PFO. Retrospective analyses of PFO closure suggest clinically significant improvements in migraine patterns. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of migraine in patients with PFO, the prevalence of PFO in migraineurs, and the effect of PFO closure on migraine. We conducted a quantitative systematic review of articles on migraine and PFO that met inclusion criteria, then reviewed, appraised, and subjected them to data extraction. Of 134 articles identified, 18 met a priori selection criteria. The estimated strength of association between PFO and migraine, reflected by summary odds ratios (ORs), was 5.13 [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.67, 5.59], and between PFO and migraine with aura the OR was 3.21 (95% CI 2.38, 4.17). The grade of evidence was low. The association between migraine and PFO was OR 2.54 (95% CI 2.01, 3.08). The grade of evidence was low to moderate. Six studies of PFO closure suggested improvement in migraine, but had a very low grade of evidence. The low-to-moderate grade of evidence from observational studies supports an apparent association between PFO and migraine. Although PFO closure seemed to affect migraine patterns favourably, the very low grade of available evidence to support this association precludes definitive conclusions.     

Patent foramen ovale and migraine--bringing closure to the subject

There is increasing interest in the relationship between migraine and patent foramen ovale (PFO). PFO is more common in migraineurs with aura, and migraine with aura is more prevalent in patients with PFO. Retrospective analyses of PFO closure for stroke prevention and decompression illness in divers have suggested that migraineurs with and without aura may derive significant benefit from PFO closure, but to date no prospective, randomized, sham-controlled study to confirm this has been completed. Herein we review published data regarding the relationship between migraine and PFO and discuss the rationale, justification, and important factors to consider in the conduct of prospective, controlled, clinical trials designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of percutaneous device closure of PFO for migraine prevention.