广州市孕妇抑郁及社会支持状况的调查

目的了解广州市孕妇的抑郁及社会支持状况,并分析探讨其两者间的相关性。方法采用便利抽样法,对广州市某综合医院产科门诊接受产前保健服务的266例孕妇的一般情况、产后抑郁情况及社会支持状况进行调查。结果 266例孕妇中有抑郁症状的46例,占17.3%;孕妇的抑郁状况与社会支持、主观支持以及对支持的利用度存在负相关。结论对产前出现抑郁症的高危人群,及时采取针对性的防治措施,对预防孕妇产前抑郁、改善母儿健康具有积极的意义。     

领悟社会支持对大学生焦虑抑郁情绪的影响

目的探讨领悟社会支持对大学生焦虑抑郁情绪的影响。方法用领悟社会支持量表、焦虑自评量表和抑郁状态问卷对253名大学生进行心理健康测评。结果253名大学生中57名（22．5％）存在焦虑症状,87名（35．2％）存在抑郁症状。高领悟社会支持组焦虑自评量表与抑郁状态问卷评分显著低于低领悟社会支持组（t=-2．62,-5．21,P〈0．05～0．01）。领悟社会支持和焦虑状况、抑郁指数均呈显著负相关（r=-0．257,-0．257,P〈0．01）。结论大学生易出现焦虑、抑郁情绪,而领悟社会支持可在一定程度上减轻或缓解其不良心理状态,提高个体心理健康水平。     

Effects of a family‐support programme for pregnant women with foetal abnormalities requiring pregnancy termination: A randomized controlled trial in China

Aim

We examined the effects of a family‐support programme for pregnant women with foetal abnormalities in terms of family support, depression, and post‐traumatic stress symptoms.

Method

A randomized controlled trial was conducted from November 2016 to June 2017. A total of 124 pregnant women with foetal abnormalities were recruited and randomly assigned to the intervention group that received a family‐support programme or control group that received only routine care. Self‐reported questionnaires including the Family Adaptation Partnership Growth Affection and Resolve Index, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and the Impact of Event Scale‐Revised were administered before and after intervention.

Results

Relative to the control group, posttest Family Adaptation Partnership Growth Affection and Resolve Index scores and scores on the intimacy domain were significantly higher in the intervention group, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Impact of Event Scale‐Revised scores and the scores on all subscales except the intrusion subscale were significantly lower in the intervention group.

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest that family‐support programme represents an effective and feasible support approach of improving family support and reducing depression and post‐traumatic stress symptoms for pregnant women with foetal abnormalities requiring pregnancy termination.     

产褥期妇女的社会支持状况调查

目的了解产褥期妇女的社会支持状况。方法应用便利抽样方法,采用社会支持评定量表回顾性调查260名产后5~9周回门诊复查的产妇的社会支持状况。结果产褥期妇女的社会支持总分及三个维度得分均高于女大学生,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05或均P<0.01)。社会支持总分及客观支持、主观支持两个维度得分均低于产后1周内的初产妇,而对支持利用度得分高于后者。结论产褥期妇女社会支持水平较高,但是随着产后时间的推移,社会支持力度有所减少。     

社会支持对肠造口患者抑郁状况的影响

目的探讨社会支持对直肠癌结肠造口患者抑郁状况的影响。方法采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)和领悟社会支持量表(PSSS),对1999年7月～2003年6月入住广东医学院附属医院普外科65例需行经腹会阴联合直肠癌根治术的患者进行了调查分析。结果直肠癌术后抑郁发生率为33.8%,抑郁的发生情况因个体社会支持各维度得分的不同而不同(P<0.05),其中家庭内支持、朋友支持及其他支持各维度的得分越高,抑郁的发生率越低。结论良好的社会支持可消除或降低直肠癌结肠造口术后患者的抑郁程度,有利于患者保持良好的心理素质,使其勇敢地与疾病做斗争,从而健康地工作和生活。     

Postpartum Taiwanese women: their postpartum depression, social support and health-promoting lifestyle profiles

Background. To reach the Millennium Development Goals, maternal health‐promoting behaviours need to be encouraged after childbirth; little is known about the health‐promoting behaviour among first‐time mothers during their postpartum period. Aim. To examine levels of engagement in health‐promoting behaviours and related factors among postpartum women in Taiwan. Methods. This cross‐sectional study was conducted through a convenience sample of 122 qualified women. Participants self‐completed a questionnaire and mailed it back using a stamped, self‐addressed envelope from July to September 2003. Instruments of this study included a demographic questionnaire as well as three Likert‐type scales: the Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile scale, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression scale and a self‐developed social support scale. Results. The average overall Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile score was low (mean, 2·83 SD 1·35), with exercise rated lowest among the six subscales. Postpartum women perceived that they had high levels of social support from their mothers‐in‐law, mothers and husbands. An astonishing 42·6% of women experienced postnatal depression. Based on results of multiple regressions, 25% of the variance in health‐promoting lifestyle practices was explained by postpartum depression and social support. Social support was found to predict all subscales significantly except exercise. Postpartum depression can significantly predict self‐actualization, interpersonal relationships, nutrition and stress management. All modifying factors were excluded from the regression model. Conclusions. This study validates the theoretical relationships among concepts in the Health Promotion Model. Nursing interventions are recommended which are tailored to enhance women's social support and decrease their depression to promote their pursuit of healthy lifestyles. Relevance to clinical practice. This study highlights the implications of social support to nursing practice, especially in Chinese culture which has a strict ritual during a women's postpartum period. Findings of this study provide information and data for service planning and community care to support postpartum care in the communities.     

The effects of postpartum stress and social support on postpartum women's health status

BACKGROUND: Eastern sociocultural systems differ in many ways from Western ones, and these differences influence many aspects of the postpartum period. AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine postpartum women's health status in the wider social context of the Taiwanese family after women return home from the hospital or clinic. METHOD: A longitudinal study was conducted with data collected at the first, the third, and the fifth weeks of the postpartum period. Five hundred and twenty-six postpartum women were included in the study using stratified sampling from clinics and hospitals in Kaohsiung City in the southern part of Taiwan. The Hung Postpartum Stress Scale (HPSS), Smilkstein's Social Support Scale, and the Chinese Health Questionnaire were used to obtain information about the women's postpartum stress, social support, and health status at each time point. Data were analysed with factor analysis, repeated measures MANOVA, and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Three factors associated with postpartum stress were identified by factor analysis: (1) maternity role attainment, (2) lack of social support, and (3) body changes. Furthermore, the level of postpartum stress at the third and the fifth postnatal weeks was higher than at the first. Social support scores at this postnatal week were the highest among the three points in time. In addition, 29%, 41% and 41% of the women at the first, third, and fifth weeks, respectively, had minor psychiatric morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Because the postpartum women's self-reported stress is relatively low whereas the social support is relatively high, especially from the family, this confirms Pillsbury's conclusion regarding the significance of social support during the Chinese women's postpartum period. The study also showed that the three factors associated with postpartum stress were important predictors of postpartum women's health status. Future studies should compare the level of postpartum stress, social support, and women's health status in both Western and Eastern cultures.     

护士疲劳状况与领悟社会支持的调查分析

目的 通过对护士疲劳状况与领悟社会支持的调查,了解护士疲劳状况及所获领悟社会支持程度的现状,并对影响因素做初步的回归分析,为进一步预防护士慢性疲劳的发生提供参考.方法 采用疲劳评定量表(FAI)、疲劳量表(FS-14)和领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)对济宁市的200名女性护士进行问卷调查,收回有效问卷191份,有效回收率为95.5%,对所得结果进行统计分析.结果 护士中有疲劳者占69.11%,有疲劳的护士较无疲劳者4因子得分均显著提高;护士的躯体疲劳、脑力疲劳程度均大于一般健康人群;护士所获社会支持得分较高;对年龄、工作时间等各因素进行回归分析后显示:工作紧张程度、脑力疲劳、体力疲劳等显著加剧了疲劳严重程度.结论 护士为疲劳的高危人群,其中工作紧张程度为主要的影响因素;对护士进行社会支持与关怀,及保证充足的睡眠,增加护士人数,良好的工作环境等能有效减轻疲劳状况.     

乙型肝炎患者及其配偶心理健康状况与社会支持相关研究

目的 探讨慢性乙肝患者和配偶的心理健康状况及其社会支持相关性.方法 采用Beck抑郁自评量表、社会支持量表对126例住院慢性乙肝患者及其126例配偶进行问卷调查.结果 Beck抑郁自评量表测评,乙肝患者及其配偶抑郁情绪总发生率分别为80.95%、60.32%;乙肝患者轻度抑郁情绪及抑郁情绪总发生率均显著高于配偶组(P＜0.05或0.01).患者及其配偶客观支持因子分均显著低于主观支持因子分(P＜0.05).相关分析发现.乙肝患者Beck抑郁自评量表总分与社会支持量表总社会支持、主观支持、支持利用度因子分及职业均呈显著负相关(P＜0.01～0.05),与年龄呈显著正相关(P＜0.05);患者配偶Beck抑郁自评量表总分与社会支持量表主观支持、支持利用度因子分以及年龄均呈显著负相关(P＜0.05).结论 乙肝患者及其配偶抑郁情绪发生率较高,乙肝患者的社会总支持越低及从事职业条件越差其抑郁情绪越高.且年龄越大.抑郁情绪越重.二者的客观支持低于主观支持;乙肝患者的配偶主观支持越低,年龄越小,抑郁情绪越重.     

Effects of stress and social support on postpartum health of Chinese mothers in the United States

Postpartum maternal well being across cultures has received limited research attention. We examined relationships among stress, social support, and health in 152 Chinese mothers <1 year postpartum in the United States. These mothers did not perceive high levels of stress, although they did not receive as much support as they indicated they needed; 23.7% of mothers scored high for depressive symptoms. About half of the mothers experienced interrupted sleep, decrease in memory, and lack of sexual desire. All health measures were inter‐correlated. Social support moderated the effects of stress on depressive symptoms. Culturally relevant care that is perceived as supportive may promote postpartum maternal health. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 32:582–591, 2009     

不孕症患者的社会支持状况调查研究

目的了解不孕症患者的社会支持状况,寻求并运用有效的应对策略。方法应用肖水源的社会支持评定量表,调查分析135例不孕症患者所获得的社会支持状况。结果不孕症患者获得的社会支持总均分为39.75±6.89,与常模34.56±3.73比较,有显著性差异(P<0.01),获得的社会支持高于常人。调查还发现不孕时间越长的患者获得的社会支持越低。结论应帮助不孕症患者优化社会支持网络,鼓励她们主动利用社会支持网络,护士群体也应成为社会支持的主要组成部分。