41482株苍白密螺旋体血清学检测结果分析

目的探讨苍白密螺旋体快速准确的检测方法。方法应用酶联免疫吸附试验或金标法作为初筛试验,苍白密螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)与甲苯胺红不加热血清试验(TRUST)作为确诊试验及疗效观察,根据不同检验目的选用荧光密螺旋体抗体吸收试验、蛋白印迹技术等作为辅助检测手段,优化组合试验项目。结果在检测的41 482株标本中,有1032例TPPA确诊试验阳性,其阳性检出率为2.5%,其中有484例TRUST试验及TPPA检测均为阳性,其阳性检出率为1.2%。结论上述方法能够提高梅毒的检出率,同时用于梅毒患者的治疗、复发及再感染进行观察;苍白密螺旋体IgM抗体蛋白印迹试验可作为一种确诊试验应用于新生儿胎传显性梅毒,尤其是胎传潜伏显性梅毒的早期诊断。     

梅毒血清学新筛查模式的可行性评价

目的 探讨筛查苍白密螺旋体抗原血清试验的新模式及对梅毒进行筛查的可行性.方法 收集临床需做梅毒筛查试验的标本1584份,对这1584份标本分别使用化学发光法(CLIA)和苍白密螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验(TPPA),检测梅毒特异性抗体,其中任一方法阳性标本再使用甲苯胺红不加热血清试验(TRUST)进行滴度检测.结果 CLIA阳性57份标本,阳性率为3.6％,TPPA阳性为56份标本,阳性率为3.5％,两种方法阳性率差异无统计学意义,符合率达99.9％ (Kappa=0.995),57份阳性标本中,TRUST检出阳性为35份,阳性检出率为61.4％,低于CLIA的100.0％及TPPA的98.2％,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 使用CIIA检测梅毒特异性抗体做确证试验,阳性再做TRUST及滴度检测的新模式是可行的,提高了敏感性,降低了假阴性,优于目前使用的传统梅毒筛查模式.     

梅毒血清学试验方法诊断评价

目的了解2011年1月-2013年6月临床常用的梅毒血清学试验方法的诊断效果,并对其进行比较评价,以提高检出率。方法采用梅毒甲苯胺红不加热血清试验(TRUST)、苍白密螺旋体酶联免疫吸附试验(TPELISA)和苍白密螺旋体颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)对162例各期梅毒患者(试验组)和非梅毒患者120例(对照组)进行平行检测,比较3种方法敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值。结果 TRUST对潜伏期梅毒和一期梅毒的阳性检出率低于TP-ELISA和TPPA,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且具有一定的假阳性率;3种方法对二期梅毒和三期梅毒的阳性检出率比较,差异无统计学意义;TP-ELISA和TPPA对各期梅毒的阳性检出率较高;TPPA的敏感性和特异性最好,其次为TP-ELISA,TRUST最差。结论 TRUST对二期和三期梅毒的诊断价值较高,可用于门诊患者筛查和住院患者疗效观察;TP-ELISA成本较低,对各期梅毒的敏感性较高,适于献血人群和高危人群的大批量梅毒筛查;TPPA对各期梅毒诊断的敏感性和特异性均较高,但因成本较高、耗时较长,可用于阳性标本的确证试验。     

梅毒产妇血清快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验滴度对乳汁梅毒特异性抗体阳性率的影响研究

目的 探讨梅毒感染产妇血清快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验(RPR)滴度对乳汁中梅毒特异性抗体阳性率的影响。方法 选择2016年1月1日-2017年12月31日在天津市第二人民医院分娩的、并且产后进行乳汁梅毒特异性抗体检测的梅毒产妇共360例,按入院时RPR滴度分两组,即RPR高滴度组(RPR≥1∶4)和RPR低滴度组(RPR<1∶4)。利用梅毒螺旋体免疫吸附试验法(ELISA法)检测产后乳汁中的梅毒特异性抗体。分析两组血液及乳汁的化验结果,了解孕期血清RPR及驱梅治疗对乳汁梅毒抗体的影响。结果 360例产妇中,RPR高滴度组170例,乳汁梅毒特异性抗体ELISA阳性者114例;RPR低滴度组190例,乳汁梅毒特异性抗体ELISA阳性者63例,两组之间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=41.261,P<0.01)。另外,在高滴度组的170例产妇中,有79例孕期驱梅治疗后RPR滴度下降达到4倍或以上(治疗有效组),其中56例产后化验乳汁梅毒抗体ELISA阳性(阳性率70.89%);剩下91例孕期驱梅治疗后RPR滴度下降不足4倍(治疗无效组),此91例产后化验乳汁梅毒抗体ELISA均阳性(阳性率100.00%)。两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=30.642,P<0.01)。结论 血清RPR滴度高的梅毒产妇,乳汁梅毒特异性抗体阳性的概率较高;孕期驱梅治疗对降低乳汁中梅毒螺旋体抗体阳性率有一定影响。     

联合应用多种血清学方法检测高危人群梅毒

目的 探讨适合高危人群的梅毒血清学检测方法.方法 对性病和妇科门诊有不洁性接触史、疑诊梅毒的高危患者采用梅毒螺旋体酶联免疫吸附试验(TP-ELISA)与甲苯胺红不加热血清试验(TRUST)法同步筛查,并对所有阳性结果进一步作苍白密螺旋体颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)确认.结果 TP-ELISA与TRUST单一筛查法的检出率分别为18.3%、13.7%,两种方法同步筛查的检出率为20.8%,108份阳性结果经TPPA确认排除12.0%的假阳性.结论 TP-ELISA与TRUST法同步筛查可以降低漏检率,用TPPA对筛查阳性的病例进一步确认可排除假阳性;3种方法联合应用能确保高危人群梅毒检测的灵敏度、准确性,且成本不高,可作为常规检测方法.     

4种不同方法检测梅毒螺旋体抗体的比较

目的 对4种不同的梅毒螺旋体抗体检测方法进行比较，筛选高敏感性和特异性诊断方法和试剂。方法 采用快速血浆反应素试验(RPR)；梅毒螺旋体特异性抗体明胶凝集试验(TPPA)；梅毒螺旋体特异性抗体酶联免疫吸附试验(TP—ELISA)；梅毒螺旋体特异性抗体乳胶凝集试验(TPLA)4种方法对76份可疑梅毒抗体阳性标本进行检测。结果 RPR有一定假阳性和假阴性；TPPA敏感性稍差；TP—ELISA敏感性最高。结论 TP—ELISA敏感性高，适合大批献血员筛查；TPLA与其他方法的检测结果符合率最高，且操作简便，适合作确认试验。     

抗梅毒螺旋体主要抗体与RPR的关系探讨

目的 分析梅毒阳性血清抗TP15、17、47单组分抗体的检出情况并探讨其与梅毒心磷脂反应素的关系.方法 分别建立抗TP15、17、47 ELISA双抗体夹心法检测梅毒阳性血清,再用苍白密螺旋体颗粒(明胶)凝集试验(TPPA)法确定,同时快速血浆反应素试验(RPR)法测定抗心磷脂反应索阳性滴定度.结果 抗TP15、17、47与常规ELISA的阳性不符合率分别为15.2%,3.3%和5.1%,各组分抗体强度的分布不同;ELISA检测的OD值与TPPA检测时血清的抗体强度无相关性(r=0.073);比较3种抗TP单组分抗体的OD值在RPR阳性和阴性组的差异均有统计学意义.结论 抗TP15、17、47单组分抗体与ELISA有不同的阳性不符合率,ELISA与TPPA检测的血清抗体强度无相关性;RPR的阳性检出率为47.1%,3种抗TP单组分抗体均为阳性而RPR阳性组OD值低于阴性组.     

苍白密螺旋体及RCH母婴垂直传播的研究

目的比较苍白密螺旋体或风疹病毒、巨细胞病毒、单纯疱疹病毒(RCH)在孕妇母婴垂直传播概率。方法对近年来医院所有患者中苍白密螺旋体感染情况和4303例进行RCH检测的孕妇进行回顾性分析,并对34例RCH抗体IgM阳性的孕妇和22例孕中晚期苍白密螺旋体阳性孕妇进行经腹脐静脉穿刺后,抽取胎儿血进行检测。结果胎传梅毒感染成逐年上升趋势,而3708例正常孕妇中RCH中一项IgM抗体的47例,阳性率为1.26%,明显低于流产组患者(2.46%)、死胎组(5.26%)及胎儿畸形组(28.54%);在34例RCH IgM抗体阳性的孕妇中,胎儿血中只有1例HSV-IgM呈阳性,随访未发现新生儿异常;在22例梅毒阳性患者中,7例胎儿RPR,TPHA均为阳性;15例胎儿为RPR阴性,TPHA阳性。结论苍白密螺旋体感染比RCH更容易造成宫内感染。     

住院患者苍白密螺旋体抗体检测结果分析

目的 研究医院梅毒酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)筛查阳性标本患者的年龄分布,分析ELISA与苍白密螺旋体明胶颡粒凝集试验(TPPA)在梅毒检测中的价值.方法 ELISA法对住院患者进行梅毒抗体初筛,双孔复查仍为阳性者,进一步进行TPPA确证;对ELISA阳性的病例按S/CO值分为灰区组和阳性组,分别与TPPA方法进行比较,结果进行统计处理.结果 共检出ELISA阳性113例,与TPPA方法的阳性符合率为93.81％,＞60岁患者阳性率为5.00％,占总阳性患者的46.90％;灰区组、阳性组运用ELISA及TPPA比较,检测结果差异无统计学意义.结论 梅毒血清学试验有一定的假阳性率,高龄患者中尤为突出,当ELISA检测结果与患者病史及临床表现不一致时,应尽早复查和TPPA确证,同时定期随访.     

不同方法检测少数民族人群梅毒感染结果分析

目的探讨梅毒血清各种检测方法对梅毒的确诊及其治疗的灵敏性和特异性的临床指导意义。方法标本分别采用酶联免疫吸附试验、快速血清反应素环状卡片试验、荧光螺旋体抗体吸收试验、梅毒螺旋体血球凝集试验四种方法检测,并对结果进行比较分析。结果 ELISA、RPR、FTA-ABS、TPHA的敏感性分别为99.2%、98.3%、99.9%、91.3%,特异性为99.6%、86.4%、99.2%、94.2%。RPR与ELISA、FTA-ABS与TPHA2种方法检测结果经检验,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但RPR、ELISA与FTA-ABS、TPHA组间检测结果两两经检验,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且ELISA法的灵敏性和特异性均较好。在特异性方面,FTA-ABS法与ELISA、RPR、TPHA相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),ELISA、RPR、TPHA两两间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与FTA-ABS法的确认结果进行比较,RPR法不但有假阳性也有假阴性,存在梅毒漏检的可能;而ELISA法仅有假阳性、却无假阴性;ELISA法检出梅毒的能力强于RPR法。ELISA法是梅毒螺旋体血清学诊断试验的首选方法。近年来,ELISA法的应用研究主要趋向于联合使用两种或两种以上的重组梅毒螺旋体抗原,综合两种或多种抗原的不同特性,从而使ELISA法具有更高的特异性和敏感性。     

Evaluation of reagin card tests for syphilis.

The macroscopic rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and reagin screen (RST) card tests for syphilis were compared. Test specimens were also examined with the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) microscopic slide test; those reactive in the card or slide tests were examined with the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) procedure. Agreement between the card tests with 2,300 specimens was 99%; among all three reagin tests it was 96.3%. With 348 specimens reactive in one or more of the tests, there was 75.6% agreement among all three tests. The FTA-ABS was reactive with 71% of the RPR- or RST- and 65% of the VDRL-reactive specimens. The comparison showed that the card tests give results in close agreement with those of VDRL while offering a number of practical advantages over it.     

Maternal and congenital syphilis in Bolivia, 1996: prevalence and risk factors

OBJECTIVES: The present study was carried out in seven maternity hospitals to determine the prevalence of maternal syphilis at the time of delivery and the associated risk factors, to conduct a pilot project of rapid syphilis testing in hospital laboratories, to assure the quality of syphilis testing, and to determine the rate of congenital syphilis in infants born to women with syphilis at the time of delivery--all of which would provide baseline data for a national prevention programme in Bolivia. METHODS: All women delivering either live-born or stillborn infants in the seven participating hospitals in and around La Paz, El Alto, and Cochabamba between June and November 1996 were eligible for enrolment in the study. FINDINGS: A total of 61 out of 1428 mothers (4.3%) of live-born infants and 11 out of 43 mothers (26%) of stillborn infants were found to have syphilis at delivery. Multivariate analysis showed that women with live-born infants who had less than secondary-level education, who did not watch television during the week before delivery (this was used as an indicator of socioeconomic status), who had a previous history of syphilis, or who had more than one partner during the pregnancy were at increased risk of syphilis. While 76% of the study population had received prenatal care, only 17% had syphilis testing carried out during the pregnancy; 91% of serum samples that were reactive to rapid plasma reagin (RPR) tests were also reactive to fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) testing. There was 96% agreement between the results from local hospital laboratories and national reference laboratories in their testing of RPR reactivity of serum samples. Congenital syphilis infection was confirmed by laboratory tests in 15% of 66 infants born to women with positive RPR and FTA-ABS testing. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that a congenital syphilis prevention programme in Bolivia could substantially reduce adverse infant outcomes due to this disease.     

Syphilis serology among transvestite prostitutes attending an HIV unit in Rome,Italy

Sixty-seven transvestite prostitutes from Latin America (49 from Brazil and 18 from Colombia) who attended an HIV unit located in the inner city of Rome between January 1991 and June 1992 were studied for syphilis markers by means of both theTreponema pallidum haemoagglutination test (TPHA) and a solid phase haemadsorption test for detection of specific IgM (SPHA-IgM) which are typically present in recent infections. All participants reported more than 500 sexual partners in the past year, and 67.1% of them more than 1500 partners (between 5 and 10 partners per working day). The overall prevalence of anti-HIV antibodies in this population was 65.7%. The prevalence of positive TPHA tests in the population studied was 73.1%, while that of positive SPHA-IgM tests was 10.4%. The prevalence of positive TPHA and SPHA-IgM tests was higher among Colombians than among Brazilians (83.3% vs 69.4% and 22.2% vs 6.1%, respectively) and also showed a positive correlation with the duration of their permanence in Italy. The TPHA and SPHA-IgM positivities were significantly higher among subjects older than 29 years. Positive TPHA was also significantly higher in subjects who reported a history of heroin and/or cocaine abuse while positive SPHA-IgM was higher in subjects who did not use condoms or reported irregular use of them than in subjects who regularly used condoms. No overall correlation was evident between TPHA positivity and anti-HIV positivity, while SPHA-IgM positivity was found to be higher among anti-HIV-negative subjects. The population studied, therefore, apparently represents a relevant source for syphilis (in addition to HIV) transmission, due to the high number of sexual partners and to the overall irregular use of condoms, and it is likely that similar populations can largely contribute the maintenance of syphilis in industrialized countries. Fluorescent anti-treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) and rapid plasma reagin (RPR) tests were also performed on all serum samples. Results of FTA-ABS were fully consistent with those of TPHA, while a lower degree of concordance was observed between RPR and TPHA.Revised paper presented in part as a poster at the 10th International Meeting of the International Society for STD Research, Helsinki, Finland, 29 August–1 September 1993.     

339例妊娠期梅毒母婴传播的干预研究

目的探讨妊娠期梅毒检出率和母婴传播规律及其干预技术。方法采用流行病学调查与防治结合交叉进行，应用回顾、前瞻性结合的研究方法，对梅毒患者受孕或孕期产科检查时确诊为妊娠期梅毒共339例，进行孕期及新生儿治疗和干预、随访观察。结果妊娠期梅毒检出率为2．33％；孕母治疗时机与新生儿脐带血梅毒快速血浆反应素（RPR）阳性的关系密切，治疗后结婚生育，其新生儿RPR脐带血阳性率最低；新生儿脐带血RPR阳性率随孕母RPR滴度升高而升高，孕母RPR滴度越高围产儿预后越差。结论孕母血RPR滴度和治疗时机与新生儿脐带血RPR阳性的关系密切，治疗后妊娠分娩是阻断母婴传播的有力措施。     

四种梅毒血清学检测方法临床应用评价

目的:了解快速血浆反应素试验(RPR)、梅毒螺旋体明胶凝集试验(TPPA)、胶体金免疫层析法和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)的临床应用和价值。方法:采用RPR、TPPA、胶体金法和ELISA同时对4241例监测对象的标本进行检测,以TPPA作为参考标准,分别统计RPR、胶体金法和ELISA的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值。结果:RPR、胶体金法、ELISA诊断梅毒的敏感性分别为66.80%、97.27%、98.18%,特异性分别为99.72%、99.43%、99.55%;胶体金法、ELISA与TPPA检测阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),RPR与TPPA法检测结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:TP-ELISA法具有较高的敏感性和特异性法,可用于临床筛查和梅毒感染的确证试验。     

Discordant results from reverse sequence syphilis screening--five laboratories, United States, 2006-2010

CDC recommends syphilis serologic screening with a nontreponemal test, such as the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) or Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test, to identify persons with possible untreated infection; this screening is followed by confirmation using one of several treponemal tests. Recently, the availability of automatable treponemal enzyme and chemiluminescence immunoassays (EIA/CIA) has led some laboratories to adopt a reverse sequence of screening in which a treponemal EIA/CIA is performed first, followed by testing of reactive sera with a nontreponemal test. To better understand the performance of reverse sequence screening for syphilis, CDC analyzed data from five laboratories that used reverse sequence screening during 2006-2010. This report describes the results of that analysis, which indicated that among sera reactive on initial screening with a treponemal EIA/CIA, 56.7% had a nonreactive RPR test. Among these discordant sera, 31.6% also were nonreactive by treponemal testing using Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TP-PA) or fluorescent treponemal antibody absorbed (FTA-ABS) tests. Among discordant sera, the rate of nonreactive confirmatory treponemal tests was 2.9 times higher in a population with low prevalence of syphilis, suggesting that the low-prevalence population had a higher percentage of false-positive test results. Although CDC continues to recommend the traditional algorithm with reactive nontreponemal tests confirmed by treponemal testing, in this report CDC offers additional recommendations if reverse sequence syphilis screening is used.     

妊娠梅毒36例临床分析

目的回顾性分析妊娠梅毒36例,研究妊娠梅毒临床及辅助检查特点,寻求早期有效处置措施,改善妊娠结局,将梅毒对妊娠的危害降至最低。方法回顾性分析2016年6月至2020年10月于东台市中医院皮肤科性病中心门诊就诊的36例妊娠梅毒患者的资料,依次接受快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验(RPR)和梅毒螺旋体抗体明胶颗粒凝集试验(TPPA),并根据检查结果为患者实施有效治疗。结果36例妊娠梅毒患者RPR检查结果显示,滴度1∶2~1∶8之间18例,1∶16~1∶32之间12例,1∶32以上6例;TPPA检查显示患者均呈阳性。36例患者中1例临近分娩未接受治疗,1例青霉素过敏给予红霉素治疗,其余予以芐星青霉素治疗,患者中死胎1例,人工流产2例,自然流产2例。产后新生儿7例RPR阳性,TPPA检查显示均呈阳性;跟踪随访得知多数患者在1年内RPR结果转为阴性,仅有3例1年后转阴。结论妊娠梅毒患者早期运用RPR、TPPA检查方法进行诊断,并及时采取有效治疗方案进行处理,可有效预防不良妊娠结局,并改善新生儿预后情况。     

快速血浆反应素试验及酶联免疫吸附试验同步检测献血者梅毒血清效果评价

目的探讨非特异和特异性梅毒抗体血清学方法筛查效果,为采供血机构选择梅毒筛查方法提供科学依据。方法同时采用快速血浆反应素试验（RPR）和梅毒螺旋体酶联免疫吸附试验（TP—ELISA）对48235份献血者血液标本做筛查试验,对检出阳性标本用梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验（TPPA）进行确认。结果RPR法阳性率0．21％（103／48235）;TP-ELISA法阳性率0．42％（202／48235）,2方法差异有统计学意义（X^2=79．68,P〈0．01）。经TPPA法确认187份梅毒阳性血标本中RPR法检出阳性率为52．41％（98／187）,TP-ELISA法检出阳性率为96．26％（180／187）,2法检出阳性率差异有统计学意义（X^2=94．23,P〈0．01）。111份RPR法阴性、TP—ELISA法阳性血标本,经TPPA法确认为阳性89份;12份TP—ELISA法阴性、RPR法阳性血标本,经TPPA法确认为阳性7份。结论TP-ELISA法梅毒抗体检出率明显高于RPR法,但两法均存在漏检、假阴性或假阳性现象,若同时采用特异和非特异性2种血清学方法进行献血者血液梅毒筛查,可有效减少梅毒经输血传播,确保输血安全。     

早期梅毒实验室诊断的对比研究

目的 探讨早期梅毒可靠及时的诊断方法。方法 以梅毒螺旋体暗视野检查(D-F)、梅毒螺旋体被动乳胶凝集试验(TPPA)、快速血浆反应素环卡片试验(RPR)3种检查方法对128例一期梅毒及190例二期梅毒分别进行检测并进行对比研究。结果 在128例一期梅毒中，D-F阳性107例(83．59％)，RPR阳性91例(71．09％)，TPPA阳性93例(72．66％)。在190例二期梅毒中，RPR、TPPA均为阳性(100．00％)。结论 在一期梅毒诊断中D-F检查，优于RPR及TPPA方法。在二期梅毒诊断中，RPR与TPPA阳性率达(100．00％)。