多层螺旋CT在胃癌术前分期及评估中的应用价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT双期动态扫描下三维重建和CT仿真胃镜显像在胃癌术前分期及评估中的应用价值。方法:对33例经胃镜组织活检证实的胃癌患者行多层螺旋CT平扫及双期(动脉期和门静脉期)动态增强扫描,再行CT仿真胃镜以及基于容积再现、多平面重建、表面遮盖显像及透明显像的三维显像。根据国际抗癌联盟标准进行胃癌TNM分期,并与手术病理结果相比较。结果:CT仿真胃镜结合三维显像对进展期胃癌大体分型的判断准确率为89.7%,对胃癌术前T,N,M和TNM临床分期的准确率分别为75.8%,74.2%,96.9%和78.1%。多层螺旋CT对胃癌术前TNM分期与术后病理结果有着较高一致性。多层螺旋CT对胃癌可根治性手术切除判断的阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为85.2%和100.0%。结论:多层螺旋CT扫描下CT仿真胃镜和三维显像对胃癌术前分期及评估有较大的临床应用价值。     

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach: preliminary results of preoperative evaluation with CT gastrography

Background To determine whether CT gastrography can be used as a comprehensive imaging modality for the evaluation of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the stomach. Methods Thirty patients with gastric GISTs were included. Using CT gastrography, two radiologists determined the morphology, location, size of the tumor, and the nearest distance from the tumor to the gastroesophageal junction or pylorus in consensus. The ability of 3D CT gastrography in dealing with surface-shaded/transparent images and virtual endoscopic images was also evaluated and compared with the results of barium study and gastroscopy, respectively. Results In regard to lesion morphology and location, almost perfect agreements (κ = 0.87 ∼ 1.00) were achieved between CT gastrography and surgery, and the difference in lesion size between CT and surgery was not statistically significant (P = 0.824). In terms of the distance from the tumor to the gastroesophageal junction or pylorus, a statistically significant difference was found between the laparoscopic and open gastric surgery groups (P < 0.001). Findings on CT gastrography were mostly similar or superior to those seen on barium study and gastroscopy. Conclusions CT gastrography can serve as a comprehensive imaging test for the preoperative evaluation of gastric GIST.     

Differentiation of gastric ulcers with MDCT

It is important to differentiate malignant from benign gastric ulcers (GUs) because the early detection of malignancy offers the best prognosis and is essential for planning optimal therapy. However, the differential diagnosis between a malignant and benign gastric ulcer is sometimes difficult, and remains a great challenge. Recent advances in multidetector row-computed tomography (MDCT) with three-dimensional imaging software and multiplanar reformatted (MPR) images provide a potentially powerful tool for noninvasive gastric evaluation. Virtual gastroscopy (VG) is helpful in the detection and evaluation of GU in the same way as gastroscopy. In comparison with gastroscopy, VG images can depict abnormal endoluminal lesions with a wider field of view and they have no blind point because retrospective reconstruction is available. MPR images allow the radiologist to choose the optimal imaging plane to accurately evaluate the change of the gastric wall around the gastric ulcer avoiding partial volume averaging effects. This report describes the clinical usefulness of MDCT in differentiating malignant from benign GUs by using VG and MPR images.     

Early gastric cancer: virtual gastroscopy

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers and one of the most frequent causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Early detection and accurate preoperative staging of early gastric cancer (ECG) offers the best prognosis and is essential for planning optimal therapy such as endoscopic mucosal resection or gastric resection. Recent advances in computed tomographic technology and three-dimensional imaging software have enabled more accurate gastric imaging. Virtual gastroscopy (VG) is helpful in the detection and evaluation of EGC in the same way as gastroscopy. VG has a wider field of view than conventional gastroscopy, the angle of the virtual cancer can be adjusted omnidirectionally, and it has no blind point because retrospective reconstruction is available. Thus, VG is a promising method for evaluating gastric lesions despite its limitations. This report describes the clinical usefulness of VG with multidetector row computed tomography for EGC and axial computed tomography.     

16排螺旋CT诊断主动脉夹层的价值

目的探讨多排螺旋CT对主动脉夹层的诊断价值。方法对31例主动脉夹层患者进行CT增强扫描,原始图像在工作站进行多平面重建及容积再现等三维重建。结果CT增强扫描及重建可清晰地显示主动脉增宽、动脉壁钙化、动脉夹层的真假腔、破口位置及内膜剥离范围。结论螺旋CT可以满足临床对主动脉夹层的诊断需求,为临床治疗提供所需信息。     

Dedicated multi-detector CT of the esophagus: spectrum of diseases

Multi-detector computed tomography (CT) offers new opportunities in the imaging of the gastrointestinal tract. Its ability to cover a large volume in a very short scan time, and in a single breath hold with thin collimation and isotropic voxels, allows the imaging of the entire esophagus with high-quality multiplanar reformation and 3D reconstruction. Proper distention of the esophagus and stomach (by oral administration of effervescent granules and water) and optimally timed administration of intravenous contrast material are required to detect and characterize disease. In contrast to endoscopy and double-contrast studies of the upper GI tract, CT provides information about both the esophageal wall and the extramural extent of disease. Preoperative staging of esophageal carcinoma appears to be the main indication for MDCT. In addition, MDCT allows detection of other esophageal malignancies, such as lymphoma and benign esophageal tumors, such as leiomyma. A diagnosis of rupture or fistula of the esophagus can be firmly established using MDCT. Furthermore, miscellaneous esophageal conditions, such as achalasia, esophagitis, diverticula, and varices, are incidental findings and can also be visualized with hydro-multi-detector CT. Multi-detector CT is a valuable tool for the evaluation of esophageal wall disease and serves as an adjunct to endoscopy.     

64层螺旋CT血管成像技术对脑动静脉畸形的诊断价值

目的探讨64层螺旋CT血管成像技术对脑动静脉畸形（AVM）的诊断价值。方法采用64层螺旋CT对36例AVM患者行CT血管成像检查。对扫描图像分别行多平面重组、最大密度投影以及容积再现。结果36例AVM均显示大小不等的畸形血管巢及其供血动脉和引流静脉。共发现供血动脉59支,引流静脉53支,其中单支动脉供血15例（41．7％）,多支动脉供血21例（58．3％）。引流静脉汇入上、下矢状窦14例（38．9％）,上矢状窦10例（27．8％）,下矢状窦6例（16．6％）,上矢状窦和直窦3例（8．3％）,上矢状窦和横窦1例（2．8％）,下矢状窦和横窦1例（2．8％）,下矢状窦和岩上窦1例（2．8％）。11例合并脑出血（30．6％）,5例（13．9％）有出血后脑软化,3例（8．3％）合并供血动脉瘤或血管巢内血管瘤样扩张。结论64层螺旋CT血管成像技术可以无创显示AVM的供血动脉、畸形血管巢和引流静脉,为治疗方案的制定及术后随访提供依据。     

CT 仿真胃镜及三维成像在胃部疾病中的临床应用

目的 探讨螺旋ＣＴ仿真胃镜（ＣＴＶＧ）及三维成像技术在胃部疾病中的临床应用价值。方法 对３５例可疑胃部疾病患者螺旋ＣＴ扫描后原始数据行ＣＴＶＧ、表面遮盖显示（ＳＳＤ）及透明成像（Ｒａｙｓｕｍ）三种图像后处理,并与Ｘ线钡餐（ＧＩ）及纤维胃镜（ＦＧ）结果比较。结果 临床应用表明,ＣＴＶＧ在胃部疾病中可获得ＦＧ效果,对胃部疾病定位准确。定性有一定帮助,尤其对胃癌可准确进行ＣＴ分型,结论 目前,ＣＴＶＧ尚     

胃部疾病仿真内镜与纤维胃镜的对比研究

目的　研究螺旋ＣＴ仿真内镜诊断胃组疾病的临床价值。方法　２７ 名可疑胃部疾病的患者在禁食禁水至少４ 小时,口服产气剂后立即进行上腹部螺旋ＣＴ扫描。在计算机工作站用预置的软件重建出仿真内镜图像。所有病人在ＣＴ扫描后１ 天之内进行了纤维胃镜检查;螺旋ＣＴ 仿真内镜的诊断结果与纤维胃镜的结果进行比较。结果　螺旋ＣＴ仿真内镜正确地诊断所有的正常胃（ｎ ＝ ６） 和胃息肉（ｎ ＝ ５） 的病例,１０ 个胃溃疡（１０／１２） 和３ 个胃癌（３／４） 的病人被ＣＴ 仿真内镜诊断,其所见与纤维胃镜检查相似;但是２ 个浅小息肉和１ 例胃底癌于ＣＴ 仿真内镜被漏诊。结论　螺旋ＣＴ仿真内镜是一种新的非创伤性检查技术,在采用合适的检查体位和胃部适度扩张的条件下可以成为胃部疾病的一种有效的检查方法。     

螺旋CT多平面重建判断周围型肺癌与叶间胸膜的关系

目的评估螺旋CT多平面重建(MPR)在周围型肺癌侵犯叶间胸膜方面的应用价值。方法47例在肺裂附近的周围型肺癌患者进行螺旋CT检查,在病灶附近进行薄层扫描,而后行MPR重建,主要研究叶间胸膜与肿瘤的关系,重建结果与开胸手术结果相比较。结果螺旋CTMPR均能较清楚的显示水平裂及斜裂,仅有1例患者水平裂显示不清,轴位CT有7例不能正确评价水平裂与肿瘤的关系,与手术结果比较,轴位CT侵犯斜裂的敏感性为74.3%,CTMPR侵犯斜裂的敏感性为100%。结论螺旋CTMPR在评估肺癌有与叶间裂的关系的准确性与敏感性明显高于轴位CT。     

低张水充盈法16层螺旋CT对胃癌术前分期的诊断价值

目的：对经胃镜确诊为胃癌的病人,应用多层螺旋CT（Multi-slice computed tomography,MSCT）动态增强扫描检查后,行术前TNM分期,并与术后病理结果进行对照.分析胃癌的影像学征象,探讨MSCT在胃癌检出及术前TNM分期中的应用价值.方法：对本院2010年1月-2013年6月经胃镜及病理检查确诊为胃癌的患者152例,于术前1周内行MSCT检查.胃癌患者空腹于扫描前10～15 min肌注盐酸山莨菪碱20 mg、口服温开水800～1 000 mL后行MSCT扫描,根据病理提供的病变部位调整扫描体位.利用轴位和重建图像观察癌肿在胃壁内外浸润改变（T分期）、周围腹腔淋巴结有无转移（N分期）、周围脏器侵犯转移（M分期）.结果：CT表现为胃壁增厚、软组织肿块152例,病灶检出率为94％,T分期准确率为74.5％,N分期准确率为63.7％,M分期准确率为83.3％.结论：低张水充盈法MSCT动态增强扫描,能提高胃癌术前TNM分期的准确性,是有效判断局部浸润及远处转移的可靠的影像学检查方法.     

纵隔静脉异常在胸部增强CT上的表现

目的 进一步了解纵隔静脉异常的CT表现和意义。方法 收集胸部增强CT上出现纵隔静脉异常者34例，均作回顾性重建，成像参数(准直／有效层厚／重建间隔)为2．5mm／3．2mm／1．6mm或5mm／6．5mm／2mm，并作容积成像和曲面重建处理。结果 34例静脉异常可分为5种类型，包括左侧上腔静脉16例、左头臂静脉与奇-半奇静脉系统异常连接14例、左下肺静脉曲张2例、奇静脉瘤l例以及异常引流肺静脉l例。容积成像很好地显示异常，曲面重建有效地补偿前者没有曲面的不足。结论 常规胸部CT增强结合回顾性重建容积成像可以有效显示各种静脉异常，正确认识这些异常有一定的意义。     

Gastric metastasis from breast carcinoma: emergency snare-ectomy for control of hemorrhage.

In a 65-year-old woman, radiological and endoscopical findings of gastric metastasis from breast carcinoma are described. Significant upper gastrointestinal bleeding necessitated an emergency gastroscopy. The ulcerated nodular lesion was bleeding and removed by diathermy loop via fiberoptic gastroscopy.     

Splenic duplication: a rare cause of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Acute gastrointestinal bleeding represents a common medical emergency. We report the rare case of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding caused by varices in the gastric fundus secondary to splenic duplication. Splenic duplication has been only rarely reported in the literature, and no case so far has described the associated complication of gastrointestinal bleeding, caused by venous drainage of the upper spleen via varices in the gastric fundus. We describe the imaging findings from endoscopy, endosonography, computed tomography (CT), flat-panel CT, and angiography in this rare condition and illustrate the effective role of intra-arterial embolization.     

Advanced gastric carcinoma: the role of three-dimensional and axial imaging by spiral CT

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the role of three-dimensional (3D) and axial imaging by spiral computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of advanced gastric carcinoma (AGC). METHODS: Sixty patients with AGC underwent 3D and axial imaging by spiral CT. Among them, 40 cases were confirmed by surgery. The remaining 20 cases showed typical findings of AGC with upper gastrointestinal series and gastroscopy that were proved by endoscopic biopsy. Spiral CT was performed with 3-mm collimation, 4. 5-mm/s table feed, and 1.5-mm reconstruction interval in the supine position after ingestion of gas. Three-dimensional images using the shaded surface display (SSD) technique were analyzed and graded (excellent, good, or poor). A second dual-phase spiral CT scan was performed with 5-mm collimation, 7-mm/s table feed, and 5-mm reconstruction interval in the prone position after ingestion of water. RESULTS: Among 60 cases of AGC, there were two cases (3.4%) of Borrmann type 1, 12 cases (20.0%) of Borrmann type 2, 32 cases (53.3%) of Borrmann type 3, 11 cases (18.3%) of Borrmann type 4, and three cases (5.0%) of Borrmann type 5. Of the 60 cases of AGC, excellent 3D images were obtained in nine patients (15.0%), good 3D images in 39 (65.0%), and poor 3D images in 12 (20.0%). Among the 12 patients with poor images, cancers were located at the pyloric antrum in eight cases (66.7%), were AGC Borrmann type 4 in three cases (25.0%), and early gastric carcinoma (EGC)-mimicking lesion (AGC Borrmann type 5) in one case (8.3%). Cancers involving the antrum tended to show poor images (p < 0.05). Using axial images, Borrmann's classification based on tumor morphology was accurately identified in 41 cases (68.3%); however, using 3D imaging, 52 cases (86.7%) were accurately classified (p < 0.05). In 40 cases receiving surgery, good correlation between axial CT image and pathology occurred in 70.0% of T class and 72.5% of N class. CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional images of AGC by spiral CT data were good or excellent in 80%, and combining 3D images with axial CT imaging improved the accuracy in classifying Borrmann type and tumor staging.     

纤维胃镜在小儿上消化道出血诊治中的应用

目的探讨纤维胃镜在小儿上消化道出血诊治中的应用价值。方法采用日本产OLYMPUS GIF-XP20型纤维胃镜检查对2007年12月至2011年5月收治的102例上消化道出血患儿行胃镜检查及幽门螺杆菌(Hp)定性检查。结果上消化道出血病因中以消化性溃疡为主(其中胃溃疡20例,十二指肠球部溃疡39例);其次是急性胃黏膜病变。24 h内行胃镜检查者定位诊断率100%;24～48 h内检查者定位诊断率为90.6%;超过48 h以上检查者诊断率为85.5%。Hp阳性60例,阳性率58.8%。本组102例上消化道出血患儿,成功插镜率100%。结论小儿上消化道出血多由于消化性溃疡所致,与Hp感染相关。早期纤维胃镜可明确出血病因,简单易行,安全可靠,是小儿上消化道出血诊断的首选方法。     

内窥镜在急症上消化道大出血中的应用

目的：探讨急症内窥镜（内镜）介入对上消化道大出血的诊断及治疗的意义。方法：对急症上消化道大出血患者在１２～４８小时内进行胃镜检查，检查前用０．００８％去甲肾上腺素冰盐水洗胃。急症内镜检查组３９４例，非内镜检查１０５例为对照组。结果：诊断符合率内镜检查组为９８．４８％，对照组为６３．８１％；病死率内镜检查组为４．５７％，对照组为２８．５７％，Ｐ均＜０．０１。结论：急症内镜检查可以及时明确诊断，又可介入进行直接治疗；急症上消化道大出血时内镜介入可明显提高诊断率，降低病死率。     

多层螺旋CT容积显示技术对保留肾单位手术的术前评价

目的探讨多层螺旋CT容积显示技术对术前评价保留肾单位手术(NSS)的价值.方法对25例拟行NSS的患者进行多层螺旋CT(MSCT)扫描及容积显示(VR)成像,观察肾脏位置、肿瘤的部位、范围及与肾动静脉、集合系统的关系,并与术中对照,9例同时与DSA检查进行比较.结果 MSCT及VR成像清楚显示了25例患者共32个肿块,与术中所见一致.VR成像显示肿块的部位、范围与术中所见一致.VR成像共显示了48条肾动脉中的45条(93.8%),显示了48条肾静脉中的42条(87.5%).VR图像清楚显示了肾脏集合系统.结论 MSCT及VR成像能为外科医生提供拟行NSS较为准确、全面、便捷、无创的信息,对手术有积极的指导意义.     

多层螺旋CT血管成像与三维重建在脑动脉瘤诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像与三维重建在脑动脉瘤诊断中的临床应用价值。方法对215例经手术或血管造影(DSA)证实的脑动脉瘤患者术前行螺旋CT血管造影容积扫描,运用最大密度投影(M IP)、多平面重组(MPR)、容积再现(VRT)、表面遮掩法(SSD)三维重建进行诊断。结果 215例病例成像清晰,DSA或手术(病例均行DSA检查、207例行手术)证实,215例共238个动脉瘤,其中CT血管成像(CTA)及三维重建正确诊断230个动脉瘤,漏诊8个动脉瘤,误诊1个动脉瘤,手术发现DSA漏诊3例共3个动脉瘤。其中M IP、MPR正确显示230个、VRT显示221个、SSD显示219个。本组CTA敏感性为96.6%,阳性预测值99.6%。CTA检查与DSA检查敏感性和阳性预测值无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论多层螺旋CT脑血管成像与三维重建技术能较准确显示动脉瘤的位置、大小、形态,合理利用不同三维重建技术能提高脑动脉瘤诊断准确率,对临床术前评估及术后复查有重要临床价值。     

Glomus tumor of the stomach: CT findings

We present the radiologic findings of gastric glomus tumors in two patients, in whom upper gastrointestinal series and computed tomography (CT) were primarily used for diagnosis. The diagnosis was surgically confirmed. Contrast-enhanced CT showed peripheral nodular or homogeneous strong enhancement in the arterial phase and prolonged enhancement in the delayed phase.