妊娠期弓形虫感染与垂传播

对４９２份孕妇妊发妊娠各期外周血及其７９份新生儿脐血进行弓形虫ＩｇＭ抗体检测，对５７份有异常妊娠史孕妇及其２０份流产物进行弓形虫ＤＮＡ检测。结果孕妇弓形虫ＩｇＭ抗体性率为１０．５％，其新生儿及在ＩｇＭ阳性率为１２．６％，重直传播率为１６．７％；孕妇外周血ＤＮＡ阳性率为１２．２％，相应流产物阳性率为５％，垂直传播率为１４．２％。     

河南省部分地区猪弓形虫感染调查及猪源虫株对小鼠的接种试验

目的了解河南省部分地区猪弓形虫感染情况和了解猪源弓形虫在小鼠体内产生与致病情况。方法IHA法、姬姆萨染色法和ELISA方法。结果在检查的2325份猪血清中,IHA方法查出304份为阳性,阳性率为13.1%;IHA抗体阳性血清抗体样品再以ELISA法检测循环抗原,查出23份为阳性;采集的脏器病料应用姬姆萨染色法检查滋养体,在3个猪群中镜检查到弓形虫滋养体。猪源虫株感染小鼠,第二代感染后第5天检测到IHA抗体,同时可在小鼠腹水内查到滋养体。结论河南省周口等7个地区猪弓形虫感染颇严重;猪源虫株接种小鼠试验可获成功。     

南昌地区人群弓形虫血清流行病学研究

目的凋查南昌地区人群弓形虫感染的现状和动态，为制定科学防治对策提供依据。方法采用问卷方式调查居民的性别、年龄、文化程度、职业及卫生习惯等；采用ELISA方法检测人群血清弓形虫IgG抗体。结果南昌地区人群弓形虫IgG抗体阳性率为8．01％。比1990年上升了37．39％。城乡结合部人群IgG抗体阳性率高于城区和农村地区人群，猫犬等动物密切接触者、临床免疫功能低下者和不良饮食卫生习惯者阳性率高于其他人群。结论南昌市居民弓形虫感染率呈上升趋势，喂养宠物及不良饮食习惯是弓形虫感染的重要因素。应采取健康教育、早期检查及治疗等综合性预防控制措施，并加强对重点人群的监测。     

云南省弓形虫病血清流行病学调查

1983年至1987年间,我们应用间接血凝(IHA)试验方法对我省七个地、州、市进行了弓形虫病血清流行病学调查。共检测人群血清14577份,阳性数1159份,阳性率7.95％;动物血清1427份。阳性数163份,阳性率11.4％。 其中,在人群感染方面。地区分布上以文山(22.83％),德宏(15.37％)两地的感染率最高,其次是保山、临沧等地。而有食生肉习俗的地区(如保山、德宏等地)的感染率明显高于无食生肉习俗的地区(P<0.005).在年龄分布上,以20～29岁年龄组感染     

多项免疫吸附凝集试验检测孕妇弓形虫感染的实验研究

用弓形虫ＩｇＧ／ＩｇＡ／ＩｇＭ免疫吸附凝集试验检测５０７份孕妇血清，并与ＤＡ、ＳＦＴ、ＩＳＡＧＡ－ＩｇＭＥＩＡ－ＩｇＭ多项方法检测结果比较分析。多项检测结果阴性的２０１份血清中，该法检测出ＩｇＧ阳性２１份，ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ均为阴性，较ＤＡ敏感；多项检测结果为非活动性弓形虫感染的２０３份血清中，该法检出ＩｇＧ阳性１９７份、ＩｇＡ阳性１１份、ＩｇＭ阳性４份，阳性率分别为９７．０５％、５．４１％、１．９７％两者结果基本相符；多项检测结果为活动性感染的１０３份血清中，该法检出ＩｇＭ阳性８７份，ＩｇＡ阳性６１份，ＩｇＧ阳性１０３份，其中ＩｇＭ阳性与单项的ＩＳＡＧＡ－ＩｇＭ阳性结果相符率较高为８３．０２％。弓形虫ＩｇＧ／ＩｇＡ／ＩｇＭ免疫吸附凝集试验盒可作弓形虫感染的定性、定量检测，对判定孕妇的弓形虫感染时间是较好的方法。     

弓形虫病临床血清流行病学调查

<正> 我国曾对15个省(市)人群弓形虫感染进行调查,其抗体阳性率为4.86％。我省尚缺乏这方面的资料;本文收集遵义地区医院供血员、病人及产妇200份血清作弓形虫测定,结果摘要报告如下。 一、材料与方法 (一)标本来源:全部血清分别取自我院供血员及各种临床病人、产妇,其中男性244份,女性36份。 (二)采用间凝实验法检测,诊断血球由中国农科院兰州兽医研究所制备,按其说明进行结果制定标准:阳性为“++”,滴度大于1:64。 二、结果 280份血清标本的弓形虫抗体阳性率及6例弓形虫抗体阳性者情况(见表1、2)。我地区人群存在弓形虫感染,其阳性率为3.2％,接近国内感染率2.8～4.86％。     

西藏部分地区人群弓形虫感染血清学调查

1989年4～10月,对拉萨、日喀则、泽当镇、错那县城关医院不同民族的门诊病人和接受健康检查与普查者采血,用IHA法进行了弓形虫感染血清学调查。结果共检测血清标本468份,阳性48份,总阳性率10.26％;检测我所门诊病例血清标本87份,阳性5份,阳性率5.75％,二者有显著性差异(P<0.05)。西藏地区人群弓形虫IHA抗体滴度平均为1:64的35例,1:256的11例,1:1024的2例;GMRT为98.7。藏族341人中,阳性率为11.14％;汉族119人为8.40％,二者无显著性差异;其它门巴、回、满族8人均为阴性。性别年龄及职业人群弓形虫抗体阳性率均无显著性差     

兰州地区高危人群弓形虫病流行病学调查

弓形虫病是一种人畜共患的寄生虫病；广泛流行于世界各地，欧美国家较为多见。我国部分地区人群血清弓形虫抗体阳性率为4％～30％，说明弓形虫感染也并非少见。成人获得性弓形虫感染多为隐性感染，无明显全身症状。而在机体免疫抑制或免疫缺陷的病人中，弓形虫作为一种机会性感染因子可导致病人得病。为了解免疫功能低下者以及与动物密切接触者等人群的弓形虫感染状况，以便更好地为开展弓形虫病防治工作提供科学依据，     

潍坊市人和动物弓形虫感染情况调查

1987年3～11月用间接血凝试验对潍坊市人及动物弓形虫感染情况进行了调查,结果如下: 一、人群感染率:本次调查3495人,阳性101人,阳性率为2.89％。其中既往感染73人,占感染总人数的72.28％;近期感染21人,占20.79％;活动期病人7人,占6.93％。男性为2.47％,女性为3.14％;各年龄组分布30岁以前较多,10～19岁最高,为4.14％;屠宰业人员为3.84％,略高于一般人群,但无显著差异。二、动物感染情况:采猪血156份,阳性13份,阳性率为8.33％;家兔血85份,未发现阳性;家鼠血131份,阳性23份,阳性率为17.56％。三、人群感染与动物感染之间的关系:本次     

云南西部HIV阳性者弓形虫感染初步调查

目的 了解云南西部HIV阳性者弓形虫感染情况,为预防和治疗提供科学依据.方法 收集人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immuno-deficiencyvirus,HIV)阳性者和正常人血清,采用弓形虫IgG抗体试剂盒进行测定,检测结果采用x2检验进行统计学分析.结果 543份HIV阳性血清中弓形虫抗体阳性197例,阳性率为36.82％,91份健康人群血清中弓形虫抗体阳性19例,阳性率为20.88％.HIV阳性者弓形虫感染率高于健康人群,不同民族、区域HIV阳性者间弓形虫感染率差异有统计学意义,而女性HIV阳性者与男性HIV阳性者的弓形虫感染率无统计学意义差异.结论 云南西部地区HIV阳性者弓形虫感染率高于健康人群人群,应对HIV阳性者进行常规弓形虫检测,并积极防治.     

应用斑点酶联免疫结合试验检测弓形体血清抗体

以弓形体可溶性抗原进行斑点免疫结合试验(Dot-Immunobinding Assay,DIA),检测16份弓形体病人血清,结果全部阳性。检查山东省精神病院精神病人血清417份,阳性率为4.32％。此法与囊虫病、旋毛虫病、血吸虫病等均无交叉反应,表明对弓形体有较高的特异性。在同一批血样中,此法检出的阳性结果比常规ELISA和IHA均高,初步证实了DIA优于常规ELISA和IHA,具有简、快、敏、特等优点。     

斑点免疫金渗滤法检测弓形虫感染效果

目的建立一种简捷、准确的弓形虫感染检测方法。方法将弓形虫P30抗原包被在硝酸纤维素膜上,与待检血清中的相应抗体结合,通过金标记Protein-A蛋白直接显色。结果用该试剂检测5种血清样本共221份,其中弓形虫感染病人血清58份,敏感性为96.55%(56/58)。正常人群对照血清68份,检测结果全部为阴性,特异性为100%。检测25份类风湿病人血清、18份血吸虫病人血清及22份肺炎支原体病人血清,仅有1例类风湿病人血清出现阳性交叉反应。结论用弓形虫P30为抗原,以金标记Protein-A蛋白为探针显色系统的斑点免疫金渗滤法,对检测弓形虫病人血清抗体具有较高的敏感性和特异性,且操作简单、快速。     

新疆居民弓形体感染的血清流行病学调查

在新疆各有代表性的地区,用弓形体间接血凝试验对居民进行了弓形体感染的血清流行病学调查。在5321名“健康”人群中检出抗体者191人,阳性率3.5％。各不同地区居民的阳性率在1.21％～13.75％之间。阳性血清抗体滴度的几何均值与各地居民抗体阳性率的高低相一致(r=0.69)。191份阳性血清抗体摘度>256者76份,占37.79％。调查结果表明人类弓形体感染广泛存在于新疆各地。在抗体阳性者中,三分之一以上为近期感染者,提示这种疾病在居民中处于活跃传播状态。     

两种抗原检测弓形虫病IgM的效果

目的观察弓形虫P30重组抗原及可溶性抗原检测弓形虫病IgM的效果。方法建立斑点免疫金渗滤法（DIGFA）。采用2种抗原分别包被在两条硝酸纤维素膜（NC）上,与待检血清中的相应IgM抗体结合,通过金标记兔抗人IgM直接显色,以检测弓形虫病IgM。2种抗原的DIGFA分别检测弓形虫IgM抗体阳性、类风湿、支原体肺炎、血吸虫病人和正常人血清。结果两种抗原建立的DIGFA检测试剂共检测5种血清样本166份,其中弓形虫感染IgM抗体阳性病人血清38份,弓形虫P30DIGFA敏感性为92.1%（35/38）,可溶性抗原DIGFA敏感性为81.6%（31/38）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。正常人群对照血清63份,检测全部阴性,特异性为100%。检测类风湿病人血清30份、血吸虫病人血清25份及支原体肺炎病人血清10份,仅类风湿病人血清出现阳性交叉反应,其中弓形虫P30DIGFA阳性2例,可溶性抗原DIGFA阳性3例。结论弓形虫P30重组抗原检测弓形虫病人血清IgM的DIGFA试剂可用于临床早期或急性期弓形虫病的诊断。     

Studies on duck hepatitis B virus: Identification and epidemiological survey in Taiwan

The presence of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) in domestic ducks in Taiwan was confirmed by DNA polymerase assay, Southern blot analysis and electron microscopy. To investigate the epidemiology of this virus, a total of 1274 serum samples were collected from 30 duck farms from different areas of Taiwan and studied by spot hybridization and/or DNA polymerase assay. The positive rates varied among different strains of ducks: 16% in 243 Pekin ducks, 12% in 392 Chinese common domestic ducks, 4% in 196 Muscovy, 25% in 292 Taiwan Kaiyas and 13% in 151 mule ducks. The positive rate was much higher in the younger ducks; it was highest (30.7%) in ducklings under 1 month of age, followed by ducks aged 1–12 months (11.8%), and lowest in those ducks older than 1 year (7.7%). It was concluded that the prevalence of DHBV infection in domestic ducks in Taiwan is generally high, and that the infected ducks may serve as an animal model for human hepatitis B virus infection which is also prevalent in Taiwan.     

新疆克拉玛依油田弓形体感染血清流行病学调查报告

应用间接血凝(IHA)试验法,对新疆克拉玛依油田弓形体病进行了血清流行病学调查。共检测人群血清4415份,阳性数228份,阳性率5.16％。其中汉族阳性率4.80％,维吾尔族阳性率5.22％,蒙古族阳性率6.44％,哈萨克族阳性率8.48％,哈族高于汉族(P<0.01)和维族(P<0.05)。IHA阳性孕产妇异常孕产率高于阴性孕产妇异常孕产率(P<0.01,RR=3.03)。牧民、农民阳性率高于其他职业人群。检测动物血清1145份,牛、羊阳性率高于猪和鸡。并分析了人群和动物之间相互感染的关系。     

Use of peroxidase-labelled antigen for the detection of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in human and animal sera

We have developed a modified ELISA for the detection of anti-Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) antibodies based on a peroxidase enzyme labelled antigen (ELAT). Microtiter plates were coated with antigen of Bb. The immunoglobulins of the serum samples were bound to the antigen and specific antibodies were detected by an enzyme labelled antigen. The test principle facilitates the recognition of specific antibodies in different collectives of human and animal sera. We performed epidemiological studies with the ELAT on 231 sera from mothers in maternity wards (9.5% positive), 219 patient sera sent to the Bb routine diagnostics (15% positive) and 230 sera from forestry workers (21.3% positive). We further investigated sera from red deer from South Lower Saxony which remained 55% Bb-antibody positive; deer were 37% and fallow deer were 29% positive.     

Composition of circulating immune complexes in acute toxoplasmosis

The circulating immune complexes (CIC) that form in the hot just in early Toxoplasma gondii invasion can be present in the blood bed for a while. At the same time, the data on the antigenic composition of CIC in toxoplasmosis are fragmentary and rather contradictory. The investigation used enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect specific CIC that contain antigens to T. gondii tachyzoites in the sera of different populations and studied their antigenic composition by immunoblotting after 2-6% polyethylene glycol 6000-induced deposition. Examining 464 sera from groups of individuals with varying-stage T. gondii invasion indicated CIC in each, but showing their different frequency. CIC were virtually present in all sera from children who had been diagnosed as having congenital toxoplasmosis. In groups of seropositive pregnant women, CIC detection rates were noticeably higher in the samples showing both IgG and IgM antibodies (40.2 and 66.4%, respectively). CIC were also revealed in 9.8% of the seronegative blood donors; however, immunoblotting failed to confirm that they had no components that specifically reacted with T. gondii tachyzoite antigen antibodies. There were some differences in the composition of CIC in the serum yielding positive results in both EIA and immunoblotting. The serum CIC from pregnant women that exhibited only IgG antibodies contained mainly T. gondii antigens having molecular weights of 67 and 30 kD. The serum CIC from children with congenital toxoplasmosis and from pregnant women with serologically detected IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma antigens were found to contain 55-58-, 48-, 44-, 38-, 30-, and 26-kD components. The same molecular weight proteins were detected by electrophoretic studies of Toxoplasma excretory-secretory antigen (ESA). Comparing the findings suggests that in acute toxoplasmosis, the circulating complexes mainly contain ESA of the tachyzoites which appear in human blood just at the onset of invasion. Thus, this study demonstrates that specifically CIC are detectable in the sera of individuals infected with T. gondii and their antigenic composition varies with the stage of disease. In the authors' opinion, the detection of specific CIC and the determination of their antigenic composition may be serve an additional test in diagnosing acute toxoplasmosis.     

Detection of circulating Toxoplasma gondii antigens by the dot-ELISA method

Dot-immunobinding technique was used to detect circulating Toxoplasma antigens in the sera of men and animals. Serum samples were collected from mice and rabbits infected experimentally with parasites of the RH strain of T. gondii while human sera were obtained from persons suspected of having active toxoplasmosis. Circulating Toxoplasma antigens were detected in the samples of mice sera that had been collected since the 2-nd day of infection and in the sera of rabbits during 2 and 3 week of infection. From amongst 146 human sera, 35 (24%) gave positive reaction in the test while 14 (9,5%) produced doubtful results. The experiments proved the method to be sensitive, reproducible and easy to perform. It obviates the need of special equipment while most of the necessary reagents are commercially available. High percentage of doubtful results is the main drawback of the method.     

Western blot analysis of the antibody response of patients with AIDS and toxoplasma encephalitis: antigenic diversity among Toxoplasma strains

We used immunoblotting to ascertain if toxoplasma encephalitis in disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) could be diagnosed by the appearance of characteristic antibodies recognizing specific Toxoplasma antigens. The profile of antibodies to Toxoplasma was examined in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with chronic and acute toxoplasmosis with or without HIV infection. Many Toxoplasma antigens were recognized by all sera; the majority were presumably surface proteins, as determined by 125I labeling. All sera recognized antigens at 38, 35, 28, and 26 kilodaltons. No specific antibody or pattern of antibodies distinguished between groups of patients. A 120-kilodalton antigen recognized by sera from Atlanta was not, however, seen in most sera from New York. Study of the recognition of the antigens of different strains of Toxoplasma gondii (RH, C56, T100) by the same human sera demonstrated strain-specific antigenic differences. These strain variations may account for the antibody diversity among the patients studied.