慢传输型便秘大鼠结肠肌电生理变化及其意义

目的　通过研究慢传输型便秘大鼠结肠肌电变化 ,探讨结肠传输功能障碍的机制。方法　建立大鼠慢传输型便秘模型 ,并测定其结肠的肌电生理活动改变。结果　与正常对照大鼠比较 ,慢传输型便秘大鼠结肠肌电慢波出现双向改变 ,一部分大鼠结肠肌电慢波频率减慢 (5 5 5± 1 2 0次 /min ,P <0 0 1) ,幅值增大(0 4 3± 0 0 5mV ,P <0 0 1) ,另一部分大鼠则出现结肠慢波频率增快 (30 85± 3 86次/min ,P <0 0 1) ,幅值强弱不等(0 2 1± 0 0 3mV ,P <0 0 1)。结论　慢传输型便秘大鼠结肠肌电慢波节律及振幅的异常改变可能是导致结肠传输减慢的重要因素。     

西沙必利治疗胃电节律失常机制的实验研究

目的　探讨西沙必利治疗胃电节律失常的机制。方法　建立大鼠胃电节律失常模型 ,给予西沙必利治疗 ,并设正常大鼠作为对照 ,检测胃窦肌间神经丛内胆碱能神经、氮能神经及cAMP、cGMP含量变化情况。结果　西沙必利使模型大鼠胃电节律失常明显减少 ,慢波频率变异系数 (2 3 2 0± 1 89%vs36 0 1± 8 6 6 % )、异常节律指数 (6 4 3±3 6 0 %vs 18 0 1±11 0 8% )显著下降 (P <0 0 1) ;胃窦肌间神经丛内胆碱能神经增多 (2 2 95± 8 37%vs15 2 1± 5 6 0 % )、氮能神经减少 (9 5 1±3 16 %vs15 0 2± 4 4 6 % ) (P <0 0 1) ,平滑肌组织中cAMP(2 4 5 0 5 5±6 8 6 6 1FM/mgvs5 10 4 93± 2 6 9 6 79FM/mg)、cGMP(13 791± 2 15 8FM/mgvs 17 5 78± 4 5 82FM/mg)含量降低 (P<0 0 5 )。结论　西沙必利治疗胃电节律失常是通过增加胃窦肌间神经丛胆碱能神经含量、减少氮能神经含量 ,进而使胃窦平滑肌组织中cAMP、cGMP含量减少实现的。     

胃电节律失常大鼠胃窦肌间神经丛氮能神经的变化

目的 探讨大鼠胃电节律失常与胃窦肌间神经丛氮能神经含量变化关系。方法 73只大鼠随机分为正常对照组、胃电节律失常模型组和白芍组,饲养4周后记录并分析胃电信号、测定胃窦肌间神经丛氮能神经含量。结果模型组胃电节律失常明显增加、异常节律指数(ARI)和慢波频率变异系数(CV)显著增加后,胃窦肌间神经丛氮能神经含量增加;经白芍治疗后,胃电节律失常明显减少,异常节律指数、慢波频率变异系数以及胃窦肌间神经丛氮能神经含量均恢复正常。结论 胃窦肌间神经丛的氮能神经与胃电节律关系密切,当氮能神经增多时,胃电节律失常明显增加。     

高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液对小肠黏膜微循环血流量影响的实验研究

目的　探讨高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉 4 0注射液 (HSH)对小肠黏膜微循环血流量 (IMMBF)的影响。方法　健康SD大鼠 6 0只 ,其中 6只为正常对照 ,麻醉后不放血 ,检测其IMMBF。 5 4只大鼠 15min内放血至平均动脉压为 5 33kPa(4 0mmHg)并维持 6 0min ,其中6只检测IMMBF ,作为复苏前水平 ,2 4只大鼠给予 6ml/kg的HSH复苏 (HSH组 ) ,2 4只给予失血量 2倍的乳酸林格液复苏 (RL组 ) ,每组于休克后 90、12 0、180和 30 0min 4个时间点测量IMMBF。每只大鼠在检测完IMMBF后 ,取小肠送病理检查。结果　正常SD大鼠IMMBF基础水平为 110 6 7± 11 6 3mV ,6 0min休克期结束后降为 2 5 78± 10 77mV ;HSH组 4个时间点IMMBF分别为 10 3 2 2± 7 96、92 5 0± 14 4 7、86 17±10 35和 12 2 33± 8 30mV ;RL组 4个时间点IMMBF分别为 6 1 89± 6 4 1、6 4 95± 12 94、6 3 4 2± 6 4 6和 86 5 0±13 5 1mV。HSH组和RL组各时间点IMMBF差异有统计学意义(P <0 0 5 )。病理检查显示HSH组小肠黏膜结构快速恢复到正常状态 ,而RL组则出现进一步的损伤。结论　HSH改善失血性休克大鼠IMMBF的作用比RL强 ,对小肠黏膜有保护作用。     

内源性乙酰胆碱对大鼠胃电节律的影响

目的 探讨内源性乙酰胆碱对胃肌电节律的影响及胃电节律失常发生的机理。方法 用Wistar大鼠28只随机分为3组:正常对照组:12只;模型组:8只,按隔日禁食方法喂养4周;药物组:8只,观察胃肌电参数和肌间神经丛胆碱能神经分布与定量。结果 新斯的明及不同剂量阿托品(ARI)、慢波频率变异系数(CV)均明显高于正常对照组,胃窦肌间神经丛内胆碱能神经明显减少;小剂量阿托品并不引起胃电节律失常;新斯的明及大剂量阿托品注射后,胃电节律失常明显增加。结论 内源性乙酰胆碱增加或减少均可使胃电节律失常增加。     

胃电节律失常大鼠胃窦肌间神经丛氮能神经的变化

目的 探讨大鼠胃电节律失常与胃窦肌间神经丛氮能神经含量变化关系。方法 73只大鼠随机分为正常对照组。胃电节律失常模型组和白芍组,饲养4周后记录并分析胃电信号,测定胃窦肌间神经丛氮能神经含量。结果 模型组胃电节律失常明显增加,异常节律指数（ARI）和慢波频率变异系数（CV）显增加后,胃窦肌间神经丛氮能神经含量增加;经白芍治疗后,胃电节律失常明显减少,异常节律指数,慢波频率变异系数以及胃窦肌间神经丛氮能神经含量均恢复正常。结论 胃窦肌间神经丛的氮能神经与胃电节律关系密切。当氮能神经增多时,胃电节律失常明显增加。     

不同胃内pH值对十二指肠溃疡病人胃电活动的影响

目的 :观察十二指肠溃疡病人急性抑酸后胃内 p H升高是否影响体表胃电活动。　方法 :选择 12例胃镜诊断的十二指肠溃疡活动期患者 ,并以 10例健康人作为对照。p H电极经鼻放入胃内 ,同时记录胃内 p H值和体表胃电。在空腹时 (基础状态 )、静脉注射生理盐水后 (生理盐水对照 )和静脉注射 Famotidine40 m g使胃内 p H≥ 7时 (p H≥ 7期 ) ,分别记录体表胃电30 m in。用计算机频谱分析计算胃电参数。　结果 :十二指肠溃疡病人基础状态胃电主频率、正常胃慢波百分比明显低于健康人 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;十二指肠溃疡病人在 p H≥ 7期胃电主频率、主频率不稳定系数 (DFIC)和正常胃慢波百分比显著高于生理盐水对照 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;p H≥ 7期 /基础状态的胃电主功率比 (1.87± 0 .2 4)明显高于生理盐水对照 /基础状态之比值 (1.0 2± 0 .15 ) (P<0 .0 1)。　结论 :十二指肠溃疡病人存在胃电活动异常 ,急性抑酸使胃内 p H升高可增强其胃电功率和改善胃电节律紊乱。     

内源性乙酰胆碱对大鼠胃电节律的影响

目的：探讨内源性乙酰胆碱对胃肌电节律的影响及胃电节律失常发生的机理。方法：用Wistar大鼠28只随机分为3组;正常对照组：12只;模型组：8只,按隔日禁食方法喂养4周,药物组;8只,观察胃肌电参数和肌间神经丛胆碱能神经分布与定量。结果：新斯的明及不同剂量阿托品（ARI）、慢波频率变异系数（CV）均明显高于正常对照组,胃肌间神经丛内胆碱能神经明显减少,小剂量阿托品并不引起胃电节律失常;新斯的明及大剂量阿托品注射后,胃电节律失常明显增加,结：内源性乙酰胆碱增加或减少均可使胃电节律失常增加。     

大鼠慢传输型便秘模型的建立及其结肠肌电变化检测

 目的拟应用复方苯乙哌啶建立一种大鼠慢传输型便秘模型,并采用电生理技术检测便秘大鼠的结肠肌电变化情况,旨在为慢传输型便秘的研究建立一种理想的动物模型,并从电生理的角度初步探讨慢传输型便秘的发病机制.方法健康Wistar大鼠74只,分2期进行实验.第1期42只,随机分7组,每组6只,筛选药物剂量;第2期32只,随机分为对照组、模型组,每组16只,根据所选药物剂量,建立大鼠慢传输型便秘模型.120 d后,采用活性炭灌胃法测定肠道传输速度,同时采用电生理技术进行结肠肌电检测.结果慢传输型便秘模型组大鼠肠道传输速度与对照组相比明显减慢,首粒黑便排出时间为(356±50)min,较对照组大鼠显著延长[(249±35)min,P＜0.01].模型组大鼠结肠慢波出现双向改变,部分大鼠结肠慢波频率明显减慢(P＜0.01),振幅增加(P＜0.01),波形仍表现为不规则的近似正弦波样曲线;部分大鼠结肠慢波频率出现快速性改变(P＜0.01),振幅强弱不等(P＜0.01),波形较不稳定,且出现基线位移.结论成功建立了大鼠慢传输型便秘模型,该模型简单经济,可重复性强.本研究表明结肠慢波异常可能是导致慢传输型便秘结肠传输减慢的重要因素.     

海拔5380m居住一年青年整夜睡眠脑电图监测

目的 :探讨移居高原青年睡眠自主脑电活动的特点 ;方法 :对居住海拔 53 80m高原一年的 5名青年用上海海神医疗电子仪器厂生产的CFM -8型便携式脑电监测仪进行睡眠脑电监测 ,每人每夜连续监测 7小时 ;结果 :整夜睡眠脑电活动以 ( 4～ 7)次 /秒的θ波占优 ( 74.1 2 %± 4.96% ) ,无β波出现 ,且各脑波波幅以中等波幅及高波幅为主 ,未监测到低波幅脑波 ;结论 :波幅较高、频率较慢、脑波杂乱可能是移居高原者脑电活动的特点。     

成批煤气爆燃烧伤的救治体会

报道治疗因煤气泄漏爆炸烧伤病员7例，经应用MEBT技术积极救治，其中6例于伤后17天痊愈出院，另一例特重伤员也于伤后30天康复出院。作者认为：应严格按照MEBT／MEBO要求进行规范治疗，正确处理生命体征、休克、感染、脏器功能和创面的辨证关系。同时，不能忽视外科营养在过程中的重要作用，它是创面修复的物质保证。     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

新疆石河子地区奶牛隐性乳房炎的调查与分析

采用LMT法对新疆石河子地区三个规模化奶牛场泌乳牛群进行了隐性乳房炎检测,共检测994头泌乳牛3976个乳区.结果表明:奶牛隐性乳房炎阳性率为81.9%,乳区阳性率为49.1%.数据分析表明,不同年龄、胎次以及有无卧床奶牛的隐性乳房炎阳性率差异显著(P<0.05),后乳区的隐性乳房炎感染率显著高于前乳区感染率(P<0.05),隐性乳房炎乳区发生数也明显影响当日产奶量(P<0.05).     

Sex differences in neuromuscular fatigability in response to load carriage in the field in British Army recruits

Objectives

Women are resistant to neuromuscular fatigue compared to men in response to a range of exercise tasks. The sex differences in the neuromuscular responses to load carriage have yet to be investigated.

Decrease in eccentric hamstring strength in runners in the Tirol Speed Marathon

Background

The local muscular endurance of knee flexors, during eccentric work in particular, is important in preventing or delaying kinematic changes associated with fatigue during treadmill running. This result, however, may not be transferable to overground running.

Objective

To test the hypothesis that overground running is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue.

Methods

Thirteen runners (12 male and one female) performed an isokinetic muscle test three to four days before and 18 hours after a marathon. Both legs were tested. The testing protocol consisted of concentric and eccentric quadriceps and hamstring contractions.

Results

There were no significant differences between peak torque before and after the race, except that eccentric peak hamstring torque (both thighs) was reduced.

Conclusion

Overground running (running a marathon) is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue. Eccentric hamstring fatigue may be a potential risk factor for knee and soft tissue injuries during running. Eccentric hamstring training should therefore be introduced as an integral part of the training programme of runners.     

肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性酸碱失衡判断方法探讨(附80例次血气分析)

目的：对42例肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒患者的80例次血气测定结果。方法：用不同的酸碱图（卡）及代偿公式进行酸碱类型的初步差别分析。结果：结合临床表现、各种影响因素与治疗反应等作出综合判定。结论：比较二种判定的差异，并提出较为实用、可靠的判断建议，以助于复合型呼吸性酸碱失衡的临床诊断与处理。     

Oxalosis in primary hyperoxaluria in infancy

Primary hyperoxaluria (PH1) is a rare inborn autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to the deficiency of hepatic alanine-glyoxylate-aminotransferase. This deficiency results in excessive synthesis and urinary excretion of oxalate, inducing renal stone formation and deposition of calcium oxalate in the kidney, bone, myocardium, and vessels (systemic oxalosis, SO) in the most severely affected individuals. We report renal and skeletal changes in a 3-month-old girl with PH1 and SO. Intense cortico-medullary hyperechogenicity and increased homogeneous radiopacity of normal-sized kidneys suggested the diagnosis of SO. Skeletal survey showed osteopenia and characteristic symmetrical metaphyseal transverse bands in long bones, progressively becoming more dense and migrating towards the diaphysis. Multiple pathological and slowly healing fractures of the limbs occurred at the dense band level. A radiopaque rim was then observed in flat bones, epiphyseal nuclei, and vertebral bodies. Inflammatory granulomatous reaction, induced by the presence of oxalate crystals in the marrow spaces, coexisted with progressively evident radiological signs of secondary hyperparathyroidism, with partially overlapping features. The patient was treated by peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis until combined liver–kidney transplantation. There are no previous reports of infants treated with hemodialysis for more than 2 years.     

Interventional radiology in oncology in private practice

Interventional oncology in private practice requires expert training and can be performed in a stand-alone facility for type 1 procedures in a hospital setting for type 2 and 3 procedures where subspecialized radiologists, state-of-the-art equipment, and postprocedure hospital monitoring are available. A multidisciplinary effort with oncologists, internal medicine physicians and anesthesiologists is necessary. The practice of interventional oncology requires around the clock availability, meticulous and established protocols and procedures and a financial investment. On the other hand, it is professionally gratifying because of constant technical advances and the impact on patients.