2型糖尿病合并高血压患者的血清瘦素水平

目的 研究２型糖尿病合并高血压患者血清瘦素水平的变化。方法 随机选取２型糖尿病患者５５例，２型糖尿病合并高血压３０例，正常对照组１５例。分别检测以上三组患者的空腹瘦素、空腹和馒头餐后２ｈ血糖和胰岛素、糖化血红蛋血、体重指数（ＢＭＩ）、腰臀比值（ＷＨＲ）、血压、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、、载脂蛋白Ａ、载脂脂蛋白Ｂ和脂蛋白（ＢＭＩ）、腰臀比值（ＷＨＲ）、血压、总油三酯，高密度脂蛋     

利用空腹胰岛素与血糖比值选择Ⅱ型糖尿病胰岛素治疗

目的：探讨根据空腹胰岛素与血糖比值决定Ⅱ型糖尿病患者是否应尽早用胰岛素治疗。方法：将４８例Ⅱ型糖 尿病患者按不同体重指数（ＢＭＩ）分为３组,分别对空腹胰岛素（ＦＩＮＳ,ｍｕ／１）／空腹血糖（ＦＢＧ,ｍｇ／ｄｌ）比值（ＦＩＧ）及餐后２ｈ 胰岛素（ＰＩＮＳ２,ｍｕ／１餐后２ｈ血糖（ＰＢＧ２,ｍｇ／ｄｌ）比值（ＰＩＧＩ２）与病程之相关性进行探讨。结果：随病程增长,ＰＩＧＩ数值减 少呈负相关,ＦＩＧＩ较 ＰＩＧＩ２与病程更相关,更能反映胰岛素敏感性,体重指数小于２０的病人作ＦＩＧＩ与病程不是负相关, 体重指数小于２０病人即使病程短ＦＩＧＩ数值也较低。结论：对ＦＩＧＩ小于０．２,病程大于５ａ及ＦＩＧＩ小于０．２体重指数小于２０的Ⅱ型糖尿病患者应早用胰岛素治疗。     

肥胖症和初诊的2型糖尿病患者血清瘦素水平的意义

目的　研究口服糖耐量 (OGTT)试验正常组 (NGT)和新发 2型糖尿病组 ( 2 -DM )人群中血清瘦素水平的变化及其临床意义 ,探讨瘦素在糖尿病发病中的地位。方法　从我院健康体检的人中选取口服糖耐量试验正常组 2 3例和新发 2型糖尿病组 2 5例 ,并根据体重指数分为肥胖和非肥胖组 ;采用RIA方法检测真胰岛素 (TI)和瘦素 (SS)水平。分别测定入选对象的体重指数 (BMI)、腰臀比值 (WHR)、空腹及餐后 2小时瘦素和真胰岛素 ,并计算胰岛素敏感指数和胰岛B细胞分泌功能指数。结果　空腹血清瘦素水平、12 0分瘦素水平、瘦素曲线下面积有性别显著差异。各组间血清瘦素水平无显著差异。多元线性相关分析表明空腹瘦素与性别、体重指数、腰臀比、空腹胰岛素、餐后 2小时胰岛素、胰岛素分泌功能指数显著正相关 ;而与胰岛素敏感指数显著负相关 ;与空腹血糖、餐后 2小时血糖不相关。逐步多元回归分析中 ,影响血清瘦素水平最终进入方程的变量有体重指数、胰岛素分泌功能指数。结论　血清瘦素水平与性别、肥胖、胰岛素敏感性、胰岛B细胞的分泌功能有关 ;瘦素参与胰岛素抵抗的形成 ,为影响 2型糖尿病发病的又一重要因素     

单纯性肥胖及肥胖伴2型糖尿病患者血清中瘦素水平的变化及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的： 研究单纯性肥胖患者及肥胖伴2型糖尿病患者血清瘦素水平的变化,探讨瘦素与胰岛素抵抗的关系及瘦素在单纯性肥胖及肥胖伴2型糖尿病发病中的作用。 方法：选择单纯性肥胖患者60例,肥胖伴2型糖尿病患者60例,正常对照30例。 测定所有入选对象的空腹血清瘦素、空腹血清胰岛素、空腹血糖、血脂水平,计算体重指数（BMI）及胰岛素敏感指数（IAI）。 结果：单纯肥胖组及肥胖伴2型糖尿病组患者BMI、血清瘦素、空腹血清胰岛素及血脂水平均显著高于正常对照组（P<0.01）;IAI显著低于正常对照组（P<0.01）。肥胖伴2型糖尿病组血清瘦素、空腹血清胰岛素、空腹血糖及血脂水平均显著高于单纯肥胖组（P<0.01）,IAI显著低于单纯肥胖组（P<0.01）。肥胖伴2型糖尿病组空腹瘦素水平与BMI呈正相关（r=0.48,P<0.05）,与空腹胰岛素水平呈正相关（r=0.55,P<0.05）,与IAI呈负相关（r=-0.47,P<0.05）。 结论：瘦素的过量表达参与了肥胖患者胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病的发生。     

2型糖尿病和高血压患者瘦素与胰岛素敏感性的关系

目的：研究2型糖尿病和原发性高血压血清瘦素水平以及与胰岛素敏感性的关系。方法：随机选取2型糖尿病合并高血压患者42例，原发性高血压患者35例，2型糖尿病33例，正常对照组30例，分别测定入选对象的体重指数（BMI）、腰臀比值（WHR）、血压、总胆同醇（CHOL）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、空腹血糖（FPG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）和瘦素（Leptin），并计算胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）。结果：糖尿病合并高血压组、单纯高血压组和单纯糖尿病组血清瘦素水平均明显高于对照组，瘦素与性别、BMI、WHR、TG、SBP和FINS呈正相关（P〈0．03～0．001），与ISI呈负相关（P〈0．0011；性别、WHR、BMI和ISI在逐步回归分析中最后进入方程（r^2=0．596，P=0．000）。结论：高血压和糖尿病时血清瘦素水平增高，高瘦素血症与高胰岛素血症的相关性提示瘦素在2型糖尿病和高血压的发病中可能起一定的作用。     

老年原发性高血压病与胰岛素抵抗关系的临床研究

目的：探讨老年原发性高血压病患者血清胰岛素水平及胰岛素的敏感性。方法：对无糖尿病老年高血压组74例、老年对照组54例测定空腹及餐后2h血糖（FBG）、胰岛素（FINS）、C肽和胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）进行对比。结果：空腹血糖测定两组间无显著性差异，老年高血压组患者空腹及餐后2h血清胰岛素水平及C肽水平均较老年对照组患者明显升高（P〈0．01）。老年原发性高血压组患者胰岛素敏感指数较对照组明显升高（P〈0．05）。结论：老年高血压患者存在着高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抵抗。     

卡托普利对老年高血压患者胰岛素抵抗影响的临床观察

本文观察１１１例老年高血压患者及７５例无高血压老年人对照组空腹血糖（ＳＧ）、胰岛素（ＩＳ）、总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ－ｃｈ）及餐后２小时血糖（ＳＧ２）、胰岛素（ＩＳ２）。结果显示：ＳＧ、ＩＳ、ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＩＳ／ＳＧ比值、胰岛素敏感指数（ＩＡＩ）及ＳＧ２、ＩＳ２两组均有高度显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）。其中，高血压组５０例用卡托普利２５ｍｇＴｉｄ治疗４周后，复查上述指档     

原发性高血压的抗胰岛素性机理研究

本研究用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测原发性高血压患者血清中胰岛素抗体（ＩＡｂ），观察正常对照组、临界高血压组、Ⅰ期高血压组、Ⅱ期高血压组、Ⅲ期高血压组和老年高血压组血清ＩＡｂ值。分析ＩＡｂ阳性与体表指数、空腹及餐后２ｈ血糖值、空腹及餐后血中胰岛素浓度和平均动脉压之间的关系。观察原发性高血压不同时期ＩＡｂ值以及与抗胰岛素性之间联系，讨论胰岛素抗体检测在高血压患者产生抗胰岛素性中的作用、病理生理意义及临床意义     

胰高血糖素与2型糖尿病的相关性研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者空腹及餐后血浆胰高血糖素、血糖、胰岛素的变化及意义,并分析2型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗指数、血脂、体重指数、瘦素的变化。方法110例2型糖尿病患者与56例健康对照组,测量空腹血浆胰高血糖素、血糖、胰岛素、血脂、瘦素及餐后血浆胰高血糖素、血糖、胰岛素的水平,并进行比较。结果（1）糖尿病患者空腹及餐后血浆胰高血糖素水平均高于正常人（P〈0．05）。（2）糖尿病患者餐后胰岛素峰值较正常对照组延后。（3）糖尿病组胰岛素抵抗指数水平比对照组明显升高（P〈0．05）。（4）糖尿病组总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）,高密度脂蛋白明显低于正常对照组（P〈0．05）。（5）糖尿病组体重指数比对照组高（P〉0．05）。（6）糖尿病组瘦素值比对照组低（P〉0．05）。结论胰高血糖素的绝对或相对过多,是造成2型糖尿病患者高血糖症的因素之一。     

老年Ⅱ型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗患者对子代影响的研究

目的：探讨老年Ⅱ型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）胰岛素抵抗（ＩＲ）患者对子代的影响。方法：老年Ⅱ型糖尿病ＩＲ患者其直系第１代子女组与健康老年人及其直系第１代子女组各３４例,分别检测体质量指数（ＢＭＩ）、空腹血糖（ＳＧ）、胰岛素（ＩｎＳ）、Ｃ肽（ＣＰ）、胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ－ｃｈ）、低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ－ｃｈ）、血尿酸（ｕＡ）、纤维蛋白原（Ｆ）及餐后２ｈ血糖（ＳＧ２）、胰岛素     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.