基因芯片分析显示昆明山海棠有机萃取液经NF- κB及线粒体信号传导途径诱导HL- 60细胞凋亡

目的　研究中草药昆明山海棠 Tripterygium hypoglaucum( THH)有机萃取液诱导人早幼粒白血病 HL-6 0细胞凋亡过程的信号传导通道及分子机制。方法　应用流式细胞仪研究了 THH有机萃取液诱导 HL - 6 0细胞的凋亡过程 ,并应用包含 3 0 0 0人类基因与 EST的基因芯片进行基因表达差异分析。结果　基因芯片杂交结果显示有 16个基因表达发生大于 2倍的显著变化 ,这些基因同细胞生长 ,细胞周期调控 ,细胞分化 ,以及压力反应有关。部分基因在细胞凋亡过程中起关键作用 ,如 Caspase3和 Caspase8。结论　 THH有机萃取液诱导 HL- 6 0细胞凋亡 ,该过程与 NF- κB和线粒体信号传导途径有关。     

异常黑胆质成熟剂醇提物诱导HepG2细胞凋亡机制的研究

目的:探讨异常黑胆质成熟剂醇提物的抗癌作用机理。方法:采用四氮甲基唑蓝法(MTT)观察样品对人肝癌细胞株(HepG2)体外生长的抑制作用;采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳技术、流式细胞术等观察样品对HepG2细胞凋亡的影响;采用逆转录-多聚酶链式反应技术(RT-PCR)观察样品对HepG2细胞凋亡相关基因mRNA表达的影响;观察样品对HepG2细胞Caspase-3活性的影响。结果:异常黑胆质成熟剂醇提物可明显抑制癌细胞体外生长(P<0.05);明显阻滞癌细胞周期、诱导癌细胞凋亡(P<0.05);明显提高抑癌基因p53、p21基因mRNA的表达,抑制抗凋亡基因Bc l-2 mRNA的表达,对Bax基因mRNA表达不产生明显的影响;明显提高Caspase-3活性。结论:异常黑胆质成熟剂醇提物抗癌作用可能与其抑制癌细胞生长、阻滞癌细胞周期、诱导癌细胞凋亡、调节凋亡相关基因表达、激活Caspase-3活性等功能有密切联系。     

Reactive oxygen species mediation of baizhu-induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells

Baizhu (Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz) has traditionally been used as an important ingredient of several Chinese herbal medicines, which have been used for abdominal pain and gastroenterology diseases for thousands of years. Despite its popularity in herbal therapies, little is known about the anticancer effect of Baizhu. In this study, the anticancer potential of Baizhu on human hepatoma and leukemia cell lines was evaluated. Baizhu methanol extract induced apoptosis in human lymphoma Jurkat T cells, leukemia U937, and HL-60 cells. This was confirmed by several methods, including hypodiploid cells detection using flow cytometry, the examination of apoptotic bodies containing cells using confocal laser scanning microscopy, and hypodiploid cell population inhibition using the broad spectrum caspase inhibitor z-VAD. Finally, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and superoxide anion (O(2)(-)), were found to be elevated after treatment of these cells with Baizhu extracts. Antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) pretreatment almost completely inhibited Baizhu-induced apoptosis, suggesting that ROS are the key mediators for Baizhu-induced apoptosis. All these data indicate that Baizhu is a possible anti-tumor agent that induces apoptosis of human leukemia cells through ROS generation.     

熊果酸诱导HL-60细胞凋亡机制的探讨

目的：本实验拟用熊果酸干预处理人急性早幼粒白血病HL-60细胞,体外培养实验,证实其对HL-60细胞的增殖抑制和促进诱导凋亡作用,并通过免疫细胞化学方法检测bcl-2,survivin在熊果酸与该细胞株作用后表达,探讨熊果酸诱导HL-60细胞调亡可能的分子机制。方法：荧光显微镜观察细胞形态;流式细胞仪检测细胞周期相分布及细胞凋亡率：琼脂糖凝胶电泳观察细胞DNA;免疫细胞化学方法检测Bcl-2、Survivin蛋白。结果：荧光显微镜下观察,80gmol／LUA作用24h的HL一60细胞可看到典型的细胞凋亡形态学变化;40umol／L、80umol／LuA可使G0／G1期细胞增多,出现G0／G1期阻滞,S期和G2／M期细胞数减少,凋亡细胞峰（sub-G1）及凋亡率逐渐增高,Bcl-2、Survivin蛋白表达降低,当UA浓度为40gmol／L时,P〈0．01,有显著性差异。结论：UA呈浓度和时间依赖性抑制HL．60细胞增殖,诱导其凋亡机制可能与下调Bcl-2、Survivin蛋白表达有关。     

G1 arrest and caspase-mediated apoptosis in HL-60 cells by dichloromethane extract of Centrosema pubescens

Cell division and apoptosis are two crucial components of tumor biology and the importance of increased cell proliferation and reduced cell death have made them valid therapeutic targets. The plant kingdom is a relatively underexploited cache of novel drugs, and crude extracts of plants are known for their synergistic activity. The present study assessed the anti-proliferative activity of the medicinal plant Centrosema pubescens Benth. Centrosema pubescens dichloromethane extract (CPDE) inhibited the proliferation of HL-60 (promyelocytic acute leukaemia) cells with an IC?? value of 5 μg/ml. Further studies also showed that CPDE induces growth arrest at the G1 phase and specifically down-regulates the expressions of cyclin E and CDK2 and up-regulates p27(CKI) levels. These events apparently lead to the induction of apoptosis, which was demonstrated qualitatively by a DNA fragmentation assay and propidium iodide staining. Quantitative assessment of the effective arrest of the cell cycle and of apoptosis was confirmed by flow cytometry. CPDE exhibited negligible cytotoxicity even at the highest dose tested (100 μg/ml) in both normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in an in vitro model (HL-60). Our results strongly suggest that CPDE arrests the cell cycle at the G1 phase and triggers apoptosis by caspase activation.     

昆明山海棠根部水提液诱导HL-60细胞凋亡及对c-Myc基因表达的调控

目的 研究昆明山海棠Tripterygium hypoglaucum(Celastraceae)(THH)根部水提液对早幼粒白血病HL-60细胞凋亡的诱导作用及机制。方法 通过特征性的形态学观察，Annexin—V标记，以及流式细胞仪检测中次G1峰的形成确定THH的诱导细胞凋亡作用；应用Western Blotting研究THH对c—Myc蛋白表达的影响。结果 THH根部水提液可诱导早幼粒白血病HL-60细胞凋亡。在浓度高于18μg／mL时，THH对HL-60细胞的诱导凋亡作用呈现浓度与时间的相关性。在THH处理2～4h后，癌基因蛋白c—Myc表达降低99％以上。结论 THH抑制了c—Myc蛋白的翻译或后翻译过程，从而降低了c—Myc在细胞周期运转中的作用，导致大量细胞凋亡．     

Induction of apoptosis in HL-60 cells through the ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway by ramentaceone from Drosera aliciae

Ramentaceone (1) is a naphthoquinone constituent of Drosera aliciae that exhibits potent cytotoxic activity against various tumor cell lines. However, its molecular mechanism of cell death induction has still not been determined. The present study demonstrates that 1 induces apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Typical morphological and biochemical features of apoptosis were observed in 1-treated cells. Compound 1 induced a concentration-dependent increase in the sub-G1 fraction of the cell cycle. A decrease in the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) was also observed. Furthermore, 1 reduced the ratio of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 to pro-apoptotic Bax and Bak, induced cytochrome c release, and increased the activity of caspase 3. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected in 1-treated HL-60 cells, which was attenuated by the pretreatment of cells with a free radical scavenger, N-acetylcysteine (NAC). NAC also prevented the increase of the sub-G1 fraction induced by 1. These results indicate that ramentaceone induces cell death through the ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway.     

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of interaction of Rhodiola rosea SHR-5 extract with warfarin and theophylline in rats

Significant pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic interactions between various herbal products and drugs being substrates of cytochrome P450 have recently been reported. The aim of this study was to determine whether Rhodiola rosea SHR-5 extract interacts with warfarin and theophylline when administered concomitantly. Thus, concomitant treatment of rats with theophylline and SHR-5 did not give rise to significant effects on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline. Simultaneous administration of SHR-5 and warfarin did not alter significantly the pharmacokinetics or the anticoagulant activity of warfarin. It is concluded that SHR-5 might be of value in the treatment of patients with mild or moderate depression, and that its interaction with co-administered drugs is likely to be negligible.     

Anticancer potential of aqueous extract of alocasia macrorrhiza against hepatic cancer in vitro and in vivo

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Alocasia macrorrhiza has been used as a folk medicine for cancer treatment in the Southwest of China.

Aim of the study

The purpose of this study is to confirm the anticancer activity of aqueous extract of alocasia macrorrhiza against hepatic cancer and to elucidate its mechanism of action.

Materials and methods

Human normal liver cells and hepatocellular carcinoma cells were tested in vitro for cytotoxicity, colony formation inhibition, EdU incorporation, AO/EB staining apoptotic cells, apoptotic DNA fragmentation, and cell cycle distribution in response to alocasia macrorrhiza extract. The mRNA and protein expressions of PPARγ, Cyclin D1, Rb, P21, Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 were detected through RT-PCR and Western blotting; the tumor growth inhibition in vivo was tested by oral administration of the extract.

Results

Alocasia macrorrhiza aqueous extract exhibited proliferation inhibition and apoptosis effects on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro, inhibited hepatoma growth in vivo.

Conclusion

Alocasia macrorrhiza extract has potential cytotoxic and apoptotic effect on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and inhibits hepatoma growth in vivo, its mechanism of action might be associated with the inhibition of DNA synthesis, cell cycle (G₀/G₁) arrest, apoptosis induction through up-regulation the mRNA and protein expressions of PPARγ, Rb, Bax and capase-3genes and down-regulation of the expressions of Cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 genes.     

姜黄素对HL-60细胞体内、体外抗癌作用的实验研究

 目的　研究姜黄素对急性粒细胞白血病HL-60细胞体内、体外抗癌作用。方法　应用台盼蓝拒染法、MTT法及电镜观察超微结构和DNA片断化分析观察姜黄素对HL-60细胞的体外抗癌作用;通过HL-60细胞裸鼠移植瘤模型,采用TUNEL,免疫组化等方法检测姜黄素对HL-60细胞裸鼠移植瘤的体内抗癌效应。结果　①姜黄素对HL-60细胞的增殖具有明显的抑制作用,呈时间和剂量依赖性;在体外可诱导HL-60细胞发生凋亡。②姜黄素抑制HL-60细胞裸鼠移植瘤生长,抑瘤率为54.35%;姜黄素在体内亦可诱导HL-60细胞凋亡,并使其Bcl-2蛋白的表达水平下降。结论　姜黄素在体内、外均可抑制HL-60细胞增殖,并诱导其凋亡;可能通过下调Bcl-2蛋白表达起作用。     

贵州产天冬总皂苷提取物对人早幼粒白血病细胞株HL-60的影响

目的： 提取贵州产天冬中总皂苷（ASP）并研究其对人早幼粒白血病细胞株HL-60增殖和凋亡作用。 方法： 选取贵州产天冬为研究对象,提取其总皂苷成分;以不同浓度梯度的天冬总皂苷提取物作用于人早幼粒白血病细胞株HL-60,采用MTT法检测细胞增殖情况,采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;应用实时定量（Real-time） PCR检测各组HL-60细胞中B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病2（Bcl-2） mRNA的表达。 结果： 随着天冬总皂苷浓度的升高,其对HL-60细胞增殖的抑制作用明显增强,呈现剂量依赖趋势;与对照组相比,天冬总皂苷组使HL-60细胞凋亡率明显增加;并且能够使HL-60细胞内的Bcl-2 mRNA表达下降。 结论： 贵州产天冬总皂苷提取物下调Bcl-2 mRNA的表达、诱导人早幼粒白血病细胞株HL-60凋亡,可能是其治疗白血病的机制之一。     

Growth inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of Cynara cardunculus L. in leukemia cells involves cell cycle arrest, cytochrome c release and activation of caspases

An extract of artichoke Cynara cardunculus L. (CCE) has been shown to exhibit antioxidant and antigenotoxic properties. In this study, the ability of CCE to inhibit the growth of L1210 and HL-60 leukemia cells was studied. Treatment of leukemia cells with a variety of concentrations of CCE (500-2500 microg/microL) for 24 h resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of leukemia cell growth. The cell growth inhibition was accompanied by G(0)/G(1) cell cycle arrest and by a loss of cells in S phase. Futhermore, apoptosis detected as a sub-G(0) cell population and apoptotic DNA fragmentation was observed. More detailed analyses of apoptosis induced by CCE in HL-60 cells revealed that apoptosis progressed through the caspase-9/-3 pathway, as release of cytochrome c, caspase-9/-3 activations and specific proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Taken together, the results suggest that CCE exerts an antiproliferative activity on leukemia cells and induces apoptosis of these cells through a mitochondrial/caspase dependent pathway.     

不同寄主红花桑寄生总黄酮提取物抗白血病细胞株HL-60的研究

目的:比较不同寄主来源的红花桑寄生总黄酮提取物体外抗肿瘤效果。方法:用80%乙醇提取、聚酰胺柱层析分离了从寄主分别为夹竹桃、桑树、无患子和桂花的红花桑寄生总黄酮,硝酸铝显色法测定其中的黄酮含量;MTT法分析不同寄主来源的红花桑寄生总黄酮提取物体外对人白血病细胞株HL-60细胞增殖抑制效果;AO/EB荧光染色观察和DNA片段化分析检测了寄主为夹竹桃的红花桑寄生总黄酮提取物对HL-60细胞凋亡的诱导,流式细胞术分析细胞凋亡率和细胞周期分布。结果:寄主为夹竹桃的红花桑寄生总黄酮提取物对HL-60细胞增殖有很强的抑制作用,作用48 h的IC50值为0.60 mg.L^-1,桑树寄生的效果次之,IC50值为2.49 mg.L^-1,无患子寄生IC50值为83.89 mg.L^-1,桂花寄生在检测的浓度范围内基本无抑制作用;夹竹桃寄生总黄酮提取物通过阻滞HL-60细胞周期于G0-G1期和诱导细胞凋亡而发挥抗肿瘤作用。结论:红花桑寄生总黄酮提取物抗肿瘤效果与其寄主相关,以寄主为夹竹桃者效果最好。     

Induction of sub-G0 arrest and apoptosis by seed extract of Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori in cervical and prostate cancer cell lines

ObjectiveThis study investigated cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells (HELA) and prostate cancer cells (PC-3) using the most active fraction of Moringa peregrina seed extract.MethodsDried and powdered seeds were extracted using 95% ethanol. The total ethanolic extract was further dissolved in distilled water and separated into petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts. Based on the results of in vitro anticancer studies of all extracts, the most highly active extract was selected for evaluation of apoptosis induction and cell cycle analysis on HELA and PC-3 cells at its half maximal inhibitory concentration using flow cytometry; DNA fragmentation by agarose gel electrophoresis and the expression of protein were measured by Western blot.ResultsThe chloroform fraction from the ethanolic extract of M. peregrina (CFEE) was the most active antitumor fraction. The selectivity index, determined using the normal Vero cell line, indicated that CFEE had a high degree of selectivity against HELA and PC-3 cells. CFEE induced apoptosis, confirmed by cell cycle arrest at sub-G₀ phase and DNA fragmentation. CFEE induced an increase in mRNA expression of caspase-3, a decrease in Bcl-2 mRNA expression, and decreased ATP levels. CFEE increased protein expression of caspase-3 and decreased protein expression of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Flow cytometric analysis showed an appreciable increase in the number of cells in the early apoptotic stage in CFEE-treated HELA and PC-3 cells. CFEE treatment significantly increased lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde level) in HELA and PC-3 cells.ConclusionSeed extract of M. peregrina displayed a significant antitumor effect through apoptosis induction in HELA and PC-3 cells.     

斑蝥素对HL—60细胞和QGY7703细胞的作用研究

采用MTT法和流氏细胞仪技术,研究了斑蝥素对HL－60细胞和QGY7703细胞的存活率和细胞周期分布影响。结果表明,斑蝥素对HL－60细胞的IC50是15．34μmol/L,对QGY7703细胞的IC50是18．54μmol/L。按蝥素处理HL－60细胞和QGY7703细胞24h后,G2－M期细胞分布都有所增加,G0－G1期细胞分布都有所降低;斑蝥素处理HL－60细胞24h后,G0－G1期峰前有亚二倍体峰出现,说明斑蝥素在所用剂量下降够诱导HL－60细胞发生凋亡。     

藏药唐古特红景天水提物对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖的抑制作用

目的研究藏药唐古特红景天水提物对体外培养乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖的影响并初步探讨其作用机制。方法利用高效液相色谱鉴定水提物的有效成分。采用MTT法检测不同浓度的水提物处理MCF-7肿瘤细胞12,24,48 h后细胞的存活率。光镜观察水提物处理后MCF-7细胞形态学的变化。使用Annexin V-FITC/PI双染色凋亡检测试剂盒,流式细胞术分析水提物对MCF-7细胞凋亡的影响。结果高效液相色谱结果证实,唐古特红景天水提物中有红景天苷和酪醇等成分的存在。MTT实验结果显示,水提物作用12 h,便对MCF-7肿瘤细胞的增殖产生抑制作用;在不同的检测时间点,从90μg/ml到450μg/ml的剂量范围对肿瘤细胞的存活均有不同程度的抑制作用,且最高抑制率高达98%。光镜观察发现,不同浓度的水提物作用后可引起肿瘤细胞出现胞浆空泡和凋亡小体。Annexin V-FITC/PI双染色流式细胞检测结果显示,低浓度的水提物处理后,肿瘤细胞出现早期凋亡,随着药物浓度增高,凋亡晚期和坏死细胞增多。结论唐古特红景天水提物可抑制体外培养MCF-7乳腺癌细胞的增殖,其抑制作用与诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的机制有关。     

Apoptotic effect of Oldenlandia diffusa on the leukaemic cell line HL60 and human lymphocytes

Oldenlandia diffusa is traditionally prescribed in the treatment of a number of cancers and studies suggest that it exerts a cytotoxic action specific to cancer cells. To further investigate this suggested action, the effect(s) of Oldenlandia diffusa on leukaemic cells (HL60) and stimulated and unstimulated human blood lymphocytes (PBLs) was investigated. For the HL60s, cell growth, apoptotic induction, alterations in cell cycle characteristics and genotoxicity were investigated. For the PBLs, apoptotic induction and alterations in cell cycle characteristics were investigated. Preliminary chemical analysis to identify the cytotoxic constituents of Oldenlandia diffusa was also carried out. Results showed that Oldenlandia diffusa significantly inhibited the growth of the HL60s and induced apoptosis in a cell cycle-independent fashion, possibly through the induction of genotoxic damage. Oldenlandia diffusa did not induce apoptosis in the PBLs however progression through the cell cycle was not evident (in stimulated PBLs) suggesting some degree of cytotoxicity. Preliminary chemical analysis indicated that a number of compounds appear to be responsible for the cytotoxic action of Oldenlandia diffusa. These results indicate that HL60s are more sensitive to Oldenlandia diffusa than stimulated PBLs and thus support a cytotoxic action for Oldenlandia diffusa that has some degree of specificity.     

A flavonoid glycoside isolated from Smilax china L. rhizome in vitro anticancer effects on human cancer cell lines

The anticancer activity of eight crude extracts of Smilax china L. rhizome (SCR) against HeLa cells was assessed by MTT assay and clonogenic assay, the fraction rich in flavonoids had show good activity against HeLa cells. A bioassay-guided separation on this extract lead to the detection of kaempferol-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (KG), which belongs to flavonoid glycoside, displayed marked anticancer activity. We evaluated its in vitro cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effect in a panel of established cancer cell lines by MTT assay and clonogenic assay. KG induces A375 and HL60 cells apoptosis, which was demonstrated by morphological changes, DNA fragmentation and flow cytometric analysis. Fluorescent staining with Hoechst 33258 showed fragmentation and condensation of chromatin in the A375 and HL60 cells. Flow cytometric analysis shown that A375 and HL60 cells treated with KG resulted in the appearance of a hypodiploid peak (A0 region), probably due to the presence of apoptosing cells and/or apoptotic bodies with DNA content less than 2n. Quantitation of the hypodiploid cells shows a dose-dependent response to KG, and this result is in good accordance with that of the DNA fragmentation assay by agarose gel electrophoresis. Our results suggested that cell cycle arrest at G(1) phase and induce apoptosis as a mechanism by which KG exerts an antiproliferative effect.     

高三尖杉酯碱对HL-60细胞和QGY7703细胞的作用研究

采用MTT法和流氏细胞仪技术,研究了高三尖杉酯碱对HL-60细胞和QGY7703细胞的存活率和细胞周期分布影响.结果表明,高三尖杉酯碱对HL-60细胞的IC50是1.28 umol.L-1,对QGY7703细胞的IC50是0.55 umol.L-1.高三尖杉酯碱处理HL-60细胞24h后,G0-G1期细胞分布有所增加,G2-M期和S期细胞分布有所降低;高三尖杉酯碱处理QGY7703细胞24h后,G2-M期分布略有降低,G0-G1期细胞分布略有增加;高三尖杉酯碱处理HL-60细胞24h后,G0-G1期峰前有亚二倍体峰出现,说明高三尖杉酯碱在所用剂量下能够诱导HL-60细胞发生凋亡.     

冬凌草甲素对HL-60细胞的诱导凋亡作用及其作用机制

目的:探讨冬凌草甲素对白血病HL-60细胞的诱导凋亡作用及其作用机制.方法:以不同浓度的冬凌草甲素作用于体外培养的HL-60细胞,应用MTT法检测细胞生长抑制率,流式细胞术(FCM)检测细胞凋亡率,Hoechst 33258荧光染色法观察细胞凋亡,TRAP-PCR-ELISA及FCM法检测细胞凋亡前后端粒酶活性及P53蛋白表达水平的变化.结果:8 umol/L以上的冬凌草甲素对HL-60细胞具有显著的诱导凋亡及增殖抑制作用,并呈现出明显的量-效与时-效关系.药物作用48小时后细胞的凋亡率达高峰,在Hoechst染色图片上可见核浓缩及核碎裂等典型的凋亡改变.在细胞凋亡过程中,端粒酶活性下降,同时P53蛋白的表达水平显著升高.结论:冬凌草甲素对HL-60细胞具有显著的诱导凋亡及增殖抑制作用,升高P53蛋白的表达水平及降低细胞端粒酶活性可能是其重要作用机制之一;这为冬凌草甲素进一步应用于临床治疗急性白血病提供了有力的试验依据.