温肾益精降浊法对慢性肾衰竭红细胞生成素受体基因表达的影响

目的：探讨温肾益精降浊药治疗肾性贫血（RA）药效学机制及中医辨证施治规律。方法：将大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、中西药结合治疗组、西药治疗组、中药治疗组,采用腺嘌呤给大鼠灌胃7周建立肾衰竭模型,用相应药物治疗4周,观察各组大鼠用药后血中红细胞（RBC）、血红蛋白（Hb）、血细胞比容（HCT）、尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Scr）、促红细胞生成素（EPO）,以及促红细胞生成素受体（EPOR mRNA）表达量等指标变化。结果：温肾益精降浊法中药能够改善BUN、Scr,提高EPO含量,使EPOR mRNA表达明显增强。结论：温肾益精降浊法中药通过提高骨髓有核细胞EPOR mRNA表达量,增强慢性肾衰竭（CRF）时骨髓对内源性EPO反应性,达到抗RA的目的。     

肾组织移植对慢性肾功能衰竭大鼠促红细胞生成素的调节作用

目的研究鼠婴肾组织移植于肾包膜下对促红细胞生成素的调节作用,为临床应用治疗肾性贫血提供理论依据。方法以Wistar雄性大鼠建立慢性肾功能衰竭动物模型为受体,将鼠婴肾组织块多点植入受体肾包膜下。治疗期间用EPO酶联免疫(ELISA)试剂盒测定血清EPO水平;观察肾组织病理改变,用免疫组化方法检测EPO在移植物中的表达。结果①60d时D组血清促红细胞生成素(1.768±0.140)mu/mL高于B组(1.160±0.324)mu/mL(P<0.01),与C组(2.329±0.125)mu/mL也有差异(P<0.05)。②移植后60d,移植物的体积由1mm3增至3-4mm3大小,表面血管网丰富,光镜下见肾小球、肾小管结构正常;③移植物EPO免疫组化,发现移植物EPO着色颗粒主要分布于肾皮质的肾小管,明显多于病例对照组大鼠肾组织(P<0.05)。结论通过对移植物的形态观察和功能测定,证明肾组织移植是一种有效的治疗手段,有可能为慢性肾性贫血提供一种新的途径。     

红细胞生成素对慢性肾功能衰竭大鼠脂质紊乱的作用

研究表明,红细胞生成素（ｒｈＥＰＯ）可能对纠正慢性肾功能衰竭（慢肾衰）所致脂代谢紊乱有一定作用。我们拟观察ｒｈＥＰＯ对慢肾衰大鼠模型的脂质紊乱作用,为临床应用提供一定的实验依据。 一、材料与方法 １．实验动物及分组：正常雄性、Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠 ２４只,３００～３２０ｇ,随机分为正常对照组（ｎ＝８）,模型对照组（ｎ＝８）和模型治疗组（ｎ＝８）。 ２．手术及用药：模型对照组和模型治疗组施行５／６肾切除术,正常对照组施以假手术。术后给予模型治疗组每周２次腹腔内注射ｒｈＥＰＯ,剂量１５０ ＩＵ／ｋｇ共８周,…     

促红细胞生成素受体进展及在肾脏病中的研究

促红细胞生成素受体(EPOR)是促红细胞生成素(EPO)的作用受体,EPOR广泛分布在机体多种细胞表面,EPOR保证了EPO多效性作用的发挥。本文综述了EPOR的结构及生物学作用、EPOR介导的信号传导途径,EPOR在肾脏领域中的研究。     

红细胞生成素对慢性肾功能衰竭患者血清IgG亚类的影响及其意义

有研究表明,红细胞生成素（ＥＰＯ）在治疗慢性肾功能衰竭（ＣＲＦ）贫血的同时,还能增强吞噬细胞活性,影响细胞免疫和体液免疫功能。ＥＰＯ对 ＩｇＧ亚类的影响及意义,尚未见报道。为此,我们测定了ＥＰＯ治疗组和非治疗组ＣＲＦ患者血清 ＩｇＧ及其亚类含量,并与健康人比较,现报道如下。 一、材料与方法 １ 临床资料：７３例ＣＲＦ患者为本院住院病例,符合 １９９３年全国制定的诊断标准。ＥＰＯ治疗组和非治疗组的临床资料见表１。治疗组接受ＥＰＯ（益比奥,沈阳三生制药公司产品）治疗,每次 ２ ０００～４ ０００ Ｕ,皮下注射…     

透析方式不影响红细胞生成素在慢性肾功能衰竭患者体内的代谢

重组人类红细胞生成素（ＥＰＯ）的问世是治疗肾性贫血的一个突破性进展。早期主要在血液透析患者中使用，因当时的研究认为慢性肾功能衰竭患者血清中存在着对ＥＰＯ及红细胞生成抑制作用的物质，此物质仅可经血液透析清除，而未透析患者或腹膜透析患者则可能因此而ＥＰＯ...     

促红细胞生成素对慢性肾衰非透析患者肾功能的影响

本文综述了促红细胞生成素（ＥＰＯ）在慢性肾衰非透析患者中如何应用才能不损害残余肾功能的实验室及临床研究 。     

Effects of chronic hypoxia on renal renin gene expression in rats.

BACKGROUND: The effects of hypoxia on renin secretion and renin gene expression have been controversial. In recent studies, we have demonstrated that acute hypoxia of 6 h duration caused a marked stimulation of renin secretion and renal renin gene expression. This hypoxia-induced stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system might contribute, for example, to the progression of chronic renal failure and to the development of hypertension in the sleep-apnoea syndrome. For this reason, we were interested in the more chronic effects of hypoxia on renal renin gene expression and its possible regulation. METHODS: Male rats were exposed to chronic normobaric hypoxia (10% O(2)) for 2 and 4 weeks. Additional groups of rats were treated with an endothelin ET(A) receptor antagonist, LU135252, or a NO donor, molsidomine, respectively. Systolic blood pressure and right ventricular pressures were measured. Renal renin, endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 gene expression were quantitated using RNAase protection assays. RESULTS: During chronic hypoxia, haematocrit increased to 72+/-2%, and right ventricular pressure increased by a mean of 26 mmHg. Renal renin gene expression was halved during 4 weeks of chronic hypoxia. This decrease was reversed by endothelin receptor blockade (105 or 140% of baseline values after treatment for weeks 3-4 or 1-4). Furthermore, there was a trend of increasing renal endothelin-1 gene expression (to 173% of baseline values) after 4 weeks of hypoxia. Systolic blood pressure increased moderately during 4 weeks of chronic hypoxia from 129+/-2 to 150+/-4 mmHg. This blood pressure increase was higher in rats treated for 4 weeks with an endothelin receptor antagonist (196+/-11 mmHg). CONCLUSIONS: Chronic hypoxia (in contrast to acute hypoxia) suppresses renal renin gene expression. This inhibition presumably is mediated by endothelins.     

红细胞生成素对慢性肾衰竭大鼠残肾组织归巢因子表达的影响

目的 观察红细胞生成素(EPO)对慢性肾衰竭(CRF)大鼠肾组织归巢因子表达的影响.方法 采用分阶段5/6肾切除制备大鼠CRF模型.实验动物随机分为3组:假手术组、CRF模型组和EPO治疗组.从第3周开始,治疗组大鼠每次皮下注射重组人EPO 50 IU/kg,每周3次,共6周.8周后检测各组大鼠血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、尿蛋白、血红蛋白(Hb)；采用实时荧光定量PCR、Western印迹和免疫组化方法检测残肾组织EPO及其受体(EPOR)、归巢因子及其受体(SDF-1、CXCR4、Ang-1、Tie2、SCF、c-Kit)的表达.结果 与模型组比较,EPO治疗可上调残肾组织归巢因子及其受体(SDF-1、CXCR4、Ang-1、Tie2、SCF、c-Kit)mRNA和蛋白的表达(均P＜0.05)；同时,EPO治疗还可上调残肾组织EPO及EPOR的mRNA和蛋白的表达(均P＜ 0.05).此外,EPO治疗还能下调大鼠Scr、BUN和尿蛋白水平(均P＜0.05),上调Hb水平(P＜0.05).结论 EPO能改善慢性肾衰竭大鼠的肾功能,这种作用可能与其激活残肾组织归巢因子而参与损伤肾脏的修复有关.     

Effect of aluminium on calcium-sensing receptor expression,proliferation, and apoptosis of parathyroid glands from rats with chronic renal failure

BACKGROUND: To assess the effect of aluminium on the calcium-sensing receptor expression, proliferation, and apoptosis in parathyroid glands from rats with chronic renal failure, 2(1/2)-month-old male Wistar rats were 7/8 nephrectomized. METHODS: Eight weeks after surgery the rats were divided into two groups, one receiving intraperitoneal AlCl3 for 8 weeks and the other receiving intraperitoneal placebo. Serum Al, Ca, P, creatinine, and PTH were measured. Parathyroid glands were removed, formaldehyde-fixed, and paraffin-embedded. Calcium-sensing receptor and proliferation were detected by immunohistochemistry and apoptosis by TUNEL and propidium iodide uptake. RESULTS: At the end of the study, despite higher levels of serum P in the aluminium group (6.27 +/- 0.63 vs. 5.56 +/- 0.58 mg/dL; P = 0.045), serum PTH was lower (89.6 +/- 57.7 vs. 183.1 +/- 123.8 pg/mL; P = 0.059). No significant differences were found in the calcium-sensing receptor expression between groups (aluminium: 27.1 +/- 7.6; placebo: 25.4 +/- 3.5 RU). Rats receiving aluminium showed a significantly lower cell proliferation rate than the control rats (0.54 +/- 0.69 vs. 4.43 +/- 3.10 cells/mm2; P = 0.003). No apoptotic events were detected. CONCLUSION: Aluminium was able to reduce the cell proliferation of the parathyroid glands. Due to the low apoptosis rate, however, it was not possible to find any change. Aluminium had no effect on the calcium-sensing receptor expression.     

Effects of erythropoietin, bromocryptine and hydralazine on testicular function in rats with chronic renal failure

Summary. We evaluated the effects of chronic renal failure (CRF) on testicular function and semen physiology. A CRF model was created in 48 male rats by performance of five-sixths nephrec-tomies in two-stage procedures, and a control (group A) by two-stage sham operation on six male rats. Seven weeks later, serum urea and creatinine concentrations were assessed, and the nephrectomized rats were then equally divided into four groups, B, C, D and E, and treated with saline, erythropoietin, bromocryptine and hydralazine, respectively. Seventeen weeks after the first surgical procedure, the number of fertile rats, the mean values of epididymal sperm content and motility, the outcome of in vitro fertilization, and peripheral serum testosterone concentrations and responses to human chorionic gonadotropin were significantly higher ( P <0.05) in groups A, G and D than in groups B and E. Serum prolactin concentration was significantly higher ( P <0.05) in all groups of nephrectomized rats than in group A. Our results indicate that bromocryptine and erythropoetin improve Leydig cell function, sper-matogenesis, epididymal sperm maturation, and sperm fertilizing capacity in rats with CRF.     

Antioxidant enzyme gene expression in rats with remnant kidney induced chronic renal failure

Reactive oxygen intermediates play a role in chronic renal injury and glomerulosclerosis. We investigate changes in renal cortex antioxidant enzyme gene expression in the rat remnant-kidney model of chronic renal failure and compare the new data to enzyme activities published earlier. Antioxidant enzyme gene expression is evaluated by Northern blot analysis of cortex mRNA, using cDNA probes for catalase, copper/zinc-containing superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. Catalase gene expression decreases during development of renal failure; this decrease is accompanied by decreased catalase activity during the glomerulosclerosis phase of the remnant-kidney model. Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase gene expression remain at a normal level during progression of the model, whereas their activities show a temporary decrease in the early remnant kidney. In the remnant-kidney model, catalase seems to be more vulnerable to reactive oxygen intermediates than superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Our results show that antioxidant enzyme activity and gene expression do not change in the same direction at all times during disease development and that all antioxidant enzymes do not respond in the same way.     

Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid on the progression of chronic renal failure in rats.

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can induce a shift in prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis. The effects of EPA supplementation of the diet on the progression of chronic renal failure (CRF) were evaluated in a model of 5/6 renal mass ablation in rats. After 30 or 60 days of CRF, elevation in single-nephron glomerular filtration rate due to an increase in glomerular plasma flow and hydraulic pressure was observed. These hemodynamic alterations were followed by a rise in proteinuria and glomerular sclerosis. EPA treatment for 30 or 60 days did not substantially modify the hemodynamic or morphological profiles induced by renal mass ablation. In the present non-immune model of CRF, preglomerular vasodilation with glomerular hyperperfusion and hypertension were responsible, at least in part, for the presence of proteinuria and glomerular sclerosis. No additional vasodilation was observed in the present model of CRF, and, thus, hemodynamic effects induced by EPA did not modify renal damage, in contrast to the EPA effects observed in immune-mediated models of CRF.     

Hepatic HDL receptor, SR-B1 and Apo A-I expression in chronic renal failure.

BACKGROUND: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is associated with hypertriglyceridaemia and depressed plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) concentrations. Uraemic hypertriglyceridaemia is due, in part, to lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase deficiencies, which are causally linked to excess parathormone (PTH). This study was designed to test the hypothesis that depressed plasma concentration and abnormal composition of HDL in CRF may be due to dysregulation of hepatic expression of Apo A-I and/or the newly discovered HDL receptor. METHODS: Hepatic Apo A-I and HDL receptor mRNA abundance (Northern blot), and HDL receptor protein mass (Western blot) were determined in CRF rats (5/6 nephrectomy), parathyroidectomized CRF rats (CRF-PTx) and sham-operated controls. RESULTS: The CRF group exhibited normal hepatic HDL receptor mRNA and HDL receptor protein abundance coupled with reduced hepatic Apo A-I mRNA. Hepatic Apo A-I mRNA, HDL receptor mRNA and protein abundance were not affected by PTx. CONCLUSIONS: CRF results in the down-regulation of hepatic Apo A-I gene expression, which accounts for the known reduction in plasma Apo A-I concentration. However, CRF does not affect HDL receptor mRNA or protein expression in this model. Neither Apo A-I nor HDL receptor expression were modified by PTx in CRF rats.     

红细胞生成素对慢性肾衰竭大鼠肾小球内皮细胞功能的影响

目的 探讨红细胞生成素（EPO）对慢性肾衰竭（CRF）大鼠肾小球内皮细胞功能的影响。 方法 采用分阶段5/6肾切除术制备大鼠慢性肾衰竭动物模型。实验动物按数字随机法分为4组：假手术组（对照组）、慢性肾衰竭组（模型组）及EPO干预的两个剂量组（小剂量组EPO用量30 U/kg,大剂量组EPO用量50 U/kg）。慢性肾衰竭大鼠皮下注射EPO 6周后处死。检测各组大鼠血肌酐（Scr）、血尿素氮（BUN）、尿蛋白、血红蛋白（Hb）和血压的变化,并观察肾组织病理改变。免疫组化法检测肾小球CD34、CD31表达;RT-PCR检测肾组织内皮素1（ET-1）、内皮细胞一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）和血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF） mRNA的表达。 结果 与模型组比较,EPO治疗能显著增加大鼠肾小球CD34、CD31的表达（均P < 0.05）;下调肾组织ET-1 mRNA的表达（P < 0.05）;上调肾组织eNOS和 VEGF mRNA的表达（均P < 0.05）。此外,EPO治疗还能使大鼠Scr、BUN、尿蛋白和血压水平显著降低（均P < 0.05）,Hb水平显著增高（P < 0.05）,肾组织病理损害明显减轻。 结论 EPO能减轻慢性肾衰竭大鼠肾脏的病理损害,改善肾功能。这种作用可能与其促进肾小球内皮细胞的修复和改善内皮功能有关。     

重组人促红细胞生成素对大鼠脊髓损伤后白细胞介素-10表达的影响及意义

目的　探讨重组人促红细胞生成素 (rHuEPO)对大鼠脊髓损伤后白细胞介素 10 (IL 10 )表达的影响。方法　SD大鼠 10 2只 ,随机分为 4组 ,采用改良Allen脊髓损伤打击模型 ,以逆转录 -聚合酶链反应(RT PCR)法测定伤段脊髓组织IL 10mRNA的表达情况。结果　正常脊髓组织内存在IL 10mRNA的表达 ;脊髓损伤后IL 10mRNA表达逐渐增强 ,在伤后 16 8h达高峰 (本实验的最后观察点 ) ;脊髓损伤后 30min注射rHuEPO能明显上调损伤脊髓组织内IL 10mRNA的表达。结论　脊髓损伤后IL 10mRNA表达逐渐增强 ;rHuEPO通过上调IL 10mRNA的表达 ,对脊髓继发性损伤可能有保护作用。