正交实验优选莲子心提取工艺

目的优选莲子心的最佳提取工艺条件.方法以甲基莲心碱转移率为评价指标,采用正交实验法对莲子心的提取工艺进行优选.结果最佳提取工艺条件为:莲子心药材用70%的乙醇回流提取2次,第1次6倍量,回流30min,第2次4倍量,回流30min.结论优选出的工艺科学合理.     

丹龙腰痛颗粒提取纯化工艺研究

目的 研究丹龙腰痛颗粒的最佳提取纯化工艺条件.方法 以浸膏得率和丹酚酸B浸出量为指标,对丹龙腰痛颗粒提取纯化的工艺条件进行优选.结果 确定丹参等水提的最佳工艺为:丹参等饮片浸泡1.5 h,回流提取2次,加水量分别为10、8倍量,提取时间分别为1.5、1.0 h,提取液浓缩至相对密度1.20,加乙醇使药液含醇量达60%.结论 该工艺经中试实验,表明稳定可行.     

黄芪提取工艺研究

目的 优选黄芪最佳提取工艺条件.方法 以黄芪甲苷的提取率为指标,对影响浸出的因素进行优化.结果 影响浸出的主要因素为提取次数、加水量、提取时间,最佳提取次数为加热回流提取3次,加水量分别为10、8和8倍,提取时间为2.0、1.5和1.5 h.结论 该工艺合理,稳定可行,可为黄芪甲苷提取工艺的确定提供实验依据.     

黄芩中有效成分的提取工艺探讨

目的 优选提取黄芩中有效成分的最佳工艺条件.方法 以中药"多靶点多部位有效部位群"理论为依据,应用U 9(96)均匀设计安排试验,分别用煎煮法、渗漉法、连续回流提取法和浸渍法提取黄芩中的有效成分,以确定其最佳工艺条件. 结果 四种方法的提取效果明显不同.结论 连续回流提取法提取效果最好,其最佳工艺条件为:加6倍量 85% 乙醚,药材颗粒过30目筛,提取12小时.     

金花葵花总黄酮提取工艺研究

目的：研究提取金花葵花总黄酮的最佳工艺条件。方法：采用乙醇回流提取的方法,并利用正交实验优化工艺条件。结果：乙醇回流最佳提取工艺为14倍量70%乙醇回流1次,120 min/次,金花葵花中总黄酮的含量为4.38%。结论：优化提取工艺简单、稳定、可行。     

正交试验法优选从豆制品下脚料中提取大豆皂苷的工艺

目的 优选从豆制品下脚料中提取大豆皂苷的最佳提取工艺条件。方法 通过正交试验,以紫外分光光度法测定总皂苷含量为指标,对提取工艺进行考察。结果 影响回流提取的主要因素对乙醇浓度;影响渗漉提取的因素依次为乙醇浓度、溶媒量和渗漉速度。结论 最佳提取工艺条件为8倍量60％乙醇,热回流1次2．5h。     

结石康胶囊中延胡索醇提工艺的正交试验研究

目的确定结石康胶囊中延胡索的醇提最佳工艺条件。方法以醇提干膏得率和延胡索乙素含量为评价指标，采用正交设计试验法考察乙醇浓度、提取时间及加乙醇量对延胡索醇提工艺效果的影响。结果乙醇浓度和提取时间对延胡索乙素提取有显著性影响。结论最佳提取工艺条件为延胡索分别用4倍和3倍量的70％乙醇回流提取2次，回流时间分别为1．5h和1h。该工艺提取效率最高，最为合理。     

正交试验法优选冰荷洗剂醇提工艺

目的研究冰荷洗剂最佳醇提工艺条件。方法采用正交试验,以苦参中的主要有效成分苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的浸出量及浸膏得率为考察指标,用L9(34)正交表安排实验,优化提取条件。结果最佳提取工艺为药材用60%乙醇回流提取3次,溶媒加量分别为8、6、6倍,提取时间分别为2、1.5、1.5 h。结论本实验为冰荷洗剂醇提工艺的确定提供了可靠的实验依据。     

升麻中酚酸类成分提取工艺优选

目的：研究升麻中酚酸类成分的最佳提取条件。方法：采用水回流提取的方法,以咖啡酸、阿魏酸和异阿魏酸为指标,选择正交实验优化提取工艺条件。结果：水回流提取的最佳工艺为14倍量的水回流提取2次,每次3h,升麻中的咖啡酸、阿魏酸和异阿魏酸含量分别为11．05、21．40、151．44mg／100g,不同基原和批号的升麻中咖啡酸、阿魏酸和异阿魏酸含量差异明显。结论：升麻中酚酸类成分的提取工艺简单、稳定、可行。     

辣椒素提取工艺研究

目的:优选辣椒中活性成分辣椒素的最佳提取工艺。方法:以辣椒素的含量为指标,用正交试验法对辣椒的提取工艺进行优选,考察乙醇浓度、乙醇量、提取时间、回流次数对辣椒素提取的影响,确定最佳提取工艺条件。结果:最佳提取工艺条件为10倍量80%乙醇,回流提取3次,每次0.5小时。结论:该工艺合理可行,稳定可靠,适合辣椒中辣椒素的提取。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.