高效液相色谱法测定栀子Ⅰ号方中栀子苷的含量

栀子Ⅰ号方(临床验方)是由栀子、芦荟等中药组成的复方制剂。栀子是君药，具有抗炎解热镇痛作用。其中栀子苷是其主要有效成分，根据文献报道近年栀子苷含量测定的方法主要有薄层扫描法和高效液相法。本文采用高效液相色谱法准确快捷地测定了制剂中栀子苷的含量，为控制本方的内在质量提供了科学依据。     

高效液相色谱法测定栀子I号方中栀子苷的含量

栀子I号方 (临床验方 )是由栀子、芦荟等中药组成的复方制剂。栀子是君药 ,具有抗炎解热镇痛作用[1] 。其中栀子苷是其主要有效成分 ,根据文献报道近年栀子苷含量测定的方法主要有薄层扫描法[2 ] 和高效液相法[3 ] 。本文采用高效液相色谱法准确快捷地测定了制剂中栀子苷的含量     

高效液相色谱法检测中药制剂中的消炎成分

目的：建立一种高效液相色谱法来检测中药制剂中的各种消炎成分,以帮助明确中药制剂的作用效果.方法：利用高效液相色谱法分别对小儿双解止泻颗粒和复方肿节风喷雾剂中的黄芩苷和异秦皮靛两种消炎成分进行分析测定.结果：测得小儿双解止泻颗粒中的黄芩苷进样与锋面积线性关系良好的范围为0.031～0.24μg,平均回收率为101.35％,相对平均标准差（RSD）为1.11％;复方肿节风喷雾剂中的异秦皮靛进样与峰面积线性关系良好的范围在2.24～71.14μ·mL-1,平均回收率为92.46％,相对平均标准差（RSD）为2.27％.结论：高效液相色谱法检测中药制剂中的消炎成分方便、快捷、精确度高,非常适合作为控制中药制剂药物质量的检测方法.     

HPLC法测定感冒解热颗粒水提液中芦丁的含量

感冒解热颗粒是由大青叶、板蓝根、连翘、拳参4味药制成的中药复方制剂，具有清热解毒等功效。芦丁为其中连翘的有效成分之一，为了研究感冒退热颗粒的水提液在大孔吸附树脂上的吸附及解吸行为，经试验芦丁在大孔吸附树脂柱上首先穿透。为此，我们采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC），能有效地分离杂质，准确地测定感冒退热颗粒的水提液中芦丁的含量，平均回收率为98．20％，相对标准偏差（RSD）为1．38％，操作简便、快速，重现性好，结果令人满意。     

大孔吸附树脂纯化栀子中总环烯醚萜苷和栀子苷的研究

目的建立栀子中总环烯醚萜苷测定方法,研究HPD 450大孔吸附树脂纯化栀子总环烯醚萜苷、栀子苷的工艺条件。方法采用紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法测定目标成分,考察HPD 450大孔吸附树脂对栀子总环烯醚萜苷、栀子苷的吸附和洗脱条件。结果栀子总环烯醚萜苷最大吸收波长为238 nm,与栀子苷一致,栀子苷在9.36~21.84μg/mL与吸光度呈良好线性关系,平均回收率为98.37%;HPD 450大孔吸附树脂可以将提取物中总环烯醚萜苷由45.45%提高到83.72%,栀子苷由24.46%提高到62.28%。结论HPD 450大孔吸附树脂能有效富集并纯化栀子总环烯醚萜苷、栀子苷;紫外分光光度法测定栀子总环烯醚萜苷具有快速、准确的特点。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定栀子苷含量

目的：考察栀子药材及其单味中药精制颗粒中栀子苷的含量。方法：采用反相高效液相色谱法，以Hypersil C18柱为分析柱，以乙腈．水(15：85)为流动相。结果：栀子苷线性范围为0．0201～2．008μg，平均回收率98．36％，RSD为2．01％。结论：本法用于单味药栀子苷定量测定，方法简便、准确、重复性好。     

膜分离与树脂联用制备黄连解毒汤中药固体制剂的研究

目的考察膜与大孔吸附树脂联用技术精制黄连解毒汤的可行性。方法根据目标成分小檗碱、黄芩苷及栀子苷的不同性状特点,采用膜分离、大孔吸附树脂对黄连解毒汤进行精制。结果3批样品干浸膏得率及其小檗碱、黄芩苷、栀子苷含量的平均值为5.81%、11.79%、15.61%、13.05%。结论膜分离和大孔吸附树脂技术是中药复方的有效精制技术,可用于黄连解毒汤的精制。      

舒痛膏中栀子苷的含量测定

目的 建立复方制剂舒痛膏中栀子苷的含量测定方法。方法 采用RP-HPLC法、C18柱，以乙腈-水(15：85)为流动相．检测波长为238nm。结果 栀子苷在0．0501～0．501μg范围内线性良好，r=0．9999，平均回收率为100．15％，RSD为1．23％。结论 该方法准确、快速，精密度高，适于该复方制剂的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定小儿解热素颗粒中栀子苷的含量

采用C18-反相高效液相色谱法，测定小儿解热素颗粒中栀子苷的含量。样品采用甲醇热回流提取，PT－C18色谱预处理小柱净化。测定回收率为97．32％，变异系数1．78％。小儿解热素颗粒中栀子苷的含量为0．358％～0．372％，含量标准定为0．294％以上。     

HPLC法测定清开灵注射液中栀子苷的含量

目的：建立测定清开灵注射液中栀子苷含量的高效液相色谱方法,为栀子药材及其制剂的质量控制提供依据。方法：采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为默克C18色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）,流动相为乙腈-水（15∶85）,检测波长238 nm,流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃。结果：栀子苷在4～280 ng与峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r=0.9995）,平均回收率100.37%,平均RSD 0.73%。结论：高效液相色谱法测定清开灵注射液中栀子苷含量的方法准确、可靠,可用于栀子药材及其制剂的质量评价。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.