根管冲洗液和粘结剂对金属桩核粘固后根管微渗漏的影响

目的：分析采用不同根管冲洗液和粘结剂对粘固金属桩核后根管微渗漏的影响。方法收集2013年9月至2015年9月在我院口腔科就诊,由于正畸治疗需要拔除的下颌单根管前磨牙120颗,根据两因素析因设计方式,设根管冲洗液为A因素,分为3个类型,粘结剂为B因素,分为2个类型,AB两个因素进行随机重组,随机将120颗样本牙分为6组。计算每组根管冠方微渗漏量的差异。结果6组样本均有明显根管微渗漏,Ⅳ组渗漏量最少[(1025.77±458.32)μm],其次为Ⅰ组[(1191.64±408.25)μm]、Ⅱ组[(1317.35±526.88)μm]、Ⅲ组[(1428.76±478.93)μm]、Ⅴ组[(1447.59±557.65)μm],而Ⅵ组微渗漏量最多[(1923.04±669.47)μm]。Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组均采用3%H2O2+0.9%NaCl溶液冲洗,Ⅲ组渗漏量和Ⅳ组比较明显增多,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ⅴ、Ⅵ组均采用15%EDTA+5.25%NaClO溶液冲洗,Ⅵ渗漏量明显多于Ⅴ组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ⅱ、Ⅳ和Ⅵ组均采用玻璃离子水门汀粘固,Ⅵ渗漏量明显高于Ⅱ、Ⅳ组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经过不同根管清洁液和桩核粘结剂处理后6组样本均发生明显微渗漏。采用3%H2O2+0.9%NaCl溶液对根管进行冲洗并联合玻璃离子水门汀粘固可在一定程度上减少微渗漏的发生,采用15%EDTA+5.25%NaClO溶液对根管进行冲洗并联合玻璃离子水门汀粘固可在一定程度上加重微渗漏的发生。     

不同根充材料对于根尖横剖面封闭性能的效果评价

目的:评价3种根管充填材料在不同断面的根管密封性能,分析其影响因素。方法:收集新鲜拔除的完整单根管下颌第一前磨牙60颗,随即分为A、B、C 3组,每组20颗牙,分别用氧化锌丁香油糊剂、Vitapex糊剂、AH-Plus糊剂加牙胶尖以侧压法进行根管充填。然后在距根尖狭窄2,4,6,8mm处垂直于牙体长轴切开牙体,扫描电镜观察不同材料与根管壁之间的结合状态并测量根管壁与根管糊剂间微缝隙宽度。结果:扫描电镜下不同根管封闭剂与根管壁均观察到空隙存在,但AH-Plus组可见材料呈均质状分布,与管壁粘结最为紧密。在距根尖2mm处AH-Plus组的微缝隙宽度(2.25±7.63)μm明显低于氧化锌丁香油糊剂(9.56±3.12)μm和Vitapex糊剂(8.81±1.55)μm(P<0.05);在距根尖4,6,8mm处,AH-Plus组与氧化锌丁香油组、Vitapex组的微缝隙宽度无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:AH-Plus糊剂对于根管充填特别是根尖有很好的密合性,能有效防止根尖微渗漏现象的发生。     

Er,Cr:YSGG激光预处理对桩道牙本质粘接强度的影响研究

目的探讨Er,Cr:YSGG激光预处理桩道牙本质表面对其与纤维桩粘接强度的影响,为临床选择合适的根管表面处理方法提供实验依据。方法选用45颗因正畸拔除的健康下颌单根管前磨牙经根管治疗、桩道预备后随机分为三个组,每组15颗。使用不同方法对桩道牙本质壁进行处理,Ⅰ组(对照组):常规单纯酸蚀表面处理组;Ⅱ组:Er,Cr:YSGG激光表面处理组;Ⅲ组:Er,Cr:YSGG激光联合酸蚀处理组。分别用树脂水门汀将纤维桩粘接于根管桩道内,用力学试验机以1 mm/min速度牵拉纤维桩,记录纤维桩与牙根脱离时的最大载荷,并进行统计学分析。结果三种不同处理方法对桩道牙本质粘接强度的影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),Ⅱ组的粘接强度显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论 Er,Cr:YSGG激光预处理技术的应用能提高根管牙本质的粘接强度。     

不同酸蚀体系、时间和粘结剂对牙本质粘结界面纳米渗漏影响的实验研究

目的 以离体前磨牙为研究对象,运用扫描电镜观察不同酸蚀体系、粘结剂和时间对牙本质粘结界面纳米渗漏的影响,评价粘结剂边缘封闭性,以期寻找合适的酸蚀时间与方法,为临床使用提供实验依据.方法 将45颗离体前磨牙,分别用320、400及600目碳化硅砂纸在流水冲洗下预备出牙本质粘结面玷污层.随机分为5组,除E组5颗外,A、B、C及D组每组10颗牙,分别酸蚀0、15、30及45 s后再分别使用SB和PB粘结剂处理每个亚组5颗牙;E组:使用AP粘结剂;制件,银染后制作电镜标本,SEM下观察并照相.结果 ①SEM观察:A组中未见银染颗粒,未见纳米渗漏;其余组均可见银的积聚,呈线状或点状,纳米渗漏程度不一,B组与E组最少,D组SB亚组最多.②NIH Image数据分析:A组为零;B组的SB与PB亚组纳米渗漏差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);C组和D中SB亚组产生的纳米及渗漏比PB亚组产生的纳米渗漏大,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).SB和PB在不同酸蚀时间下(除不酸蚀组)差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),即产生的纳米渗漏值随酸蚀时间的延长而显著增加.E组AP与B组SB和PB相比,纳米渗漏差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05);而与C组、D组的纳米渗漏差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),即按操作要求的AP粘结后产生的纳米渗漏均比酸蚀30 s或45 s后分别使用SB和PB粘结剂产生的纳米渗漏小.结论 ①全酸蚀粘结系统与自酸蚀粘结系统均能产生纳米渗漏;②全酸蚀粘结中,牙本质粘结界面的纳米渗漏随酸蚀时间的延长而显著增加,SB受酸蚀时间影响的程度较PB大;③自酸蚀粘结剂AP与全酸蚀粘结剂SB、PB在酸蚀15 s后产生的纳米渗漏无显著差异.     

舒缓抗敏牙膏抑制牙本质敏感的临床功效

目的:通过为期4周的随机对照临床实验研究观察舒缓抗敏牙膏抑制牙本质敏感的功效。方法:将80例志愿者(共809颗牙齿)随机分为2组:实验组(舒缓抗敏牙膏组)和对照组(安慰剂组)。采用Schiff冷空气敏感指数评价冷空气吹喷敏感性和视觉模拟评分法(VAS)记录探诊敏感性。并记录受试者每天牙本质敏感疼痛的主观感受VAS值。结果:实验组使用舒缓抗敏牙膏2周后,受试者每天牙本质敏感疼痛的主观感受明显减轻,并与对照组有统计学差异(P<0.05);4周后,实验组受试者每天牙本质敏感疼痛的主观感受、Schiff冷空气敏感和探诊敏感均较使用前明显减轻(P<0.05),并且改善程度优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:使用舒缓抗敏牙膏4周后可显著改善牙本质敏感症状。     

生物活性玻璃预处理对牙本质粘接界面耐久性的影响

目的:研究生物活性玻璃(bioactive glass, BG)预处理对维持牙本质粘接界面耐久性的作用。方法:选取30颗无龋坏第三磨牙,去除冠部釉质制备牙本质平面,随机均分对照组、BG组、三偏磷酸钠(sodium trimetaphosphate, STMP)-聚丙烯酸(polyacrylic acid, PAA)-BG组(S-P-BG组)。各组均使用35%(质量分数)磷酸酸蚀牙本质样本,BG组再使用0.5 g/L BG涂擦酸蚀后的牙本质样本;S-P-BG组先使用5%(质量分数)STMP、5%(质量分数)PAA浸泡酸蚀后的牙本质样本1 min,再使用0.5 g/L BG涂擦牙本质样本。各组样本使用3M Single Bond 2粘接剂及3M Z350XT复合树脂粘接,并制备微拉伸柱状样本,每颗牙的柱状样本按时间随机分为24 h、1个月、3个月组。各组样本保存在37 ℃人工唾液(artificial saliva, AS)中相应时间后,进行微拉伸粘接强度测试,并使用单因素方差分析及LSD法进行统计学分析,扫描电镜下观察粘接断裂界面形貌。另选取27颗无龋坏第三磨牙制备牙本质平面,随机分为对照组、BG组、S-P-BG组,并按上述分组处理牙本质样本,再使用含0.1%(质量分数)罗丹明B的3M Single Bond 2粘接剂完成粘接。去除样本牙根暴露髓腔,并保存在 37 ℃ AS中24 h、1个月、3个月后,髓腔内放置0.1(质量分数)荧光素钠溶液染色1 h,激光共聚焦显微镜观察粘接界面形态及混合层微渗漏。结果:AS中浸泡24 h、1个月后,3组微拉伸粘接强度间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);浸泡3个月后,S-P-BG组微拉伸粘接强度为(36.91±7.07) MPa,高于对照组粘接强度(32.73±8.06) MPa,且差异有统计学意义(P=0.026);对照组、BG组3个月的微拉伸粘接强度较24 h呈下降趋势,且差异有统计学意义(对照组P=0.017,BG组P=0.01);S-P-BG组3个月微拉伸粘接强度较24 h粘接强度[(37.99±7.98) MPa]下降,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。扫描电镜观察24 h粘接断裂面,3组均未见明显矿化;1个月、3个月后,BG组、S-P-BG组的粘接界面可见矿物质形成,S-P-BG组无明显胶原暴露。激光共聚焦显微镜观察对照组、BG组与S-P-BG组树脂突形成的形态及数量无明显差异;3组样本粘接24 h后粘接界面混合层均有渗漏,3个月后对照组微渗漏增加,BG组和S-P-BG组混合层微渗漏减少。结论:BG预处理牙本质粘接界面能够在粘接界面形成矿物质,减少粘接混合层微渗漏;STMP、PAA 与BG共同预处理牙本质粘接界面,可能在一定程度上维持牙本质粘接修复的耐久性。     

四种根管充填材料的密封性比较

目的:评价4种根管充填材料的根管密封性能,分析其影响因素。方法:收集新鲜拔除的人完整前牙40颗,随机分成4组,每组10颗牙,分别用氧化锌丁香油糊剂、Vitapex糊剂、Cortisomol糊剂、AH—Plus糊剂加牙胶尖以侧压法进行根管充填。每组随机选5颗牙经染色后行微渗漏长度测量;男5颗牙行扫描电镜测量根管壁与根管糊剂间微缝隙宽度。结果:氧化锌丁香油糊剂组、Vitapex糊剂组、Cortisomol糊剂组及AH—Plus糊剂组微渗漏均值分别为(3.04±1.30)、(0.74±0.49)、(0.87±0.44)、(0.60±0.26)mm,微缝隙均值分别为(11.70±5.95)、(3.05±2.75)、(1.55±1.75)、(1.95±1.00)μm,氧化锌丁香油糊剂组微渗漏和微缝隙两项均值显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),其余各组间均值比较无统计学意义。结论:氧化锌丁香油糊剂作为根管糊剂逐渐被淘汰,急需我国自行研制新型根管充填材料。     

酸处理对光敏玻璃离子边缘封闭性的影响

研究酸蚀对光敏玻璃离子的微渗漏影响。方法：采用侵害性窝沟封闭技术处理36颗人离休磨牙，并随机分成3组，每组12颗，第Ⅰ组为对照组，用37％磷酸酸蚀后，用低粘稠度复合树脂Liquicoat封闭窝沟裂隙。第Ⅱ组处理同第Ⅰ组，用低粘稠度光敏玻璃离子PrimaFlow封闭窝沟裂隙。第Ⅲ组与第Ⅱ组不同之处，对牙釉质不进行酸蚀。每组半数牙齿进行热循环处理（5～55℃，2500周）。所有标本用0．5％亚甲基蓝着色，在立体显微镜下观察微渗漏等级。结果：微渗漏第Ⅰ组与第Ⅱ组相似（P＞0．05）。第Ⅰ、Ⅱ组较第Ⅲ组小（P＜0．001）。复合树脂经热循环处理后微渗漏有增加（P＜0．01），而光敏玻璃离子粘固粉经热循环处理后微渗漏没有增加（P＞0．05）。结论：光敏玻璃离子结合酸蚀技术能减少微渗漏。     

生物活性玻璃预处理对牙本质粘接界面耐久性的影响

目的:研究生物活性玻璃(bioactive glass, BG)预处理对维持牙本质粘接界面耐久性的作用。方法:选取30颗无龋坏第三磨牙,去除冠部釉质制备牙本质平面,随机均分对照组、BG组、三偏磷酸钠(sodium trimetaphosphate, STMP)-聚丙烯酸(polyacrylic acid, PAA)-BG组(S-P-BG组)。各组均使用35%(质量分数)磷酸酸蚀牙本质样本,BG组再使用0.5 g/L BG涂擦酸蚀后的牙本质样本;S-P-BG组先使用5%(质量分数)STMP、5%(质量分数)PAA浸泡酸蚀后的牙本质样本1 min,再使用0.5 g/L BG涂擦牙本质样本。各组样本使用3M Single Bond 2粘接剂及3M Z350XT复合树脂粘接,并制备微拉伸柱状样本,每颗牙的柱状样本按时间随机分为24 h、1个月、3个月组。各组样本保存在37 ℃人工唾液(artificial saliva, AS)中相应时间后,进行微拉伸粘接强度测试,并使用单因素方差分析及LSD法进行统计学分析,扫描电镜下观察粘接断裂界面形貌。另选取27颗无龋坏第三磨牙制备牙本质平面,随机分为对照组、BG组、S-P-BG组,并按上述分组处理牙本质样本,再使用含0.1%(质量分数)罗丹明B的3M Single Bond 2粘接剂完成粘接。去除样本牙根暴露髓腔,并保存在 37 ℃ AS中24 h、1个月、3个月后,髓腔内放置0.1(质量分数)荧光素钠溶液染色1 h,激光共聚焦显微镜观察粘接界面形态及混合层微渗漏。结果:AS中浸泡24 h、1个月后,3组微拉伸粘接强度间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);浸泡3个月后,S-P-BG组微拉伸粘接强度为(36.91±7.07) MPa,高于对照组粘接强度(32.73±8.06) MPa,且差异有统计学意义(P=0.026);对照组、BG组3个月的微拉伸粘接强度较24 h呈下降趋势,且差异有统计学意义(对照组P=0.017,BG组P=0.01);S-P-BG组3个月微拉伸粘接强度较24 h粘接强度[(37.99±7.98) MPa]下降,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。扫描电镜观察24 h粘接断裂面,3组均未见明显矿化;1个月、3个月后,BG组、S-P-BG组的粘接界面可见矿物质形成,S-P-BG组无明显胶原暴露。激光共聚焦显微镜观察对照组、BG组与S-P-BG组树脂突形成的形态及数量无明显差异;3组样本粘接24 h后粘接界面混合层均有渗漏,3个月后对照组微渗漏增加,BG组和S-P-BG组混合层微渗漏减少。结论:BG预处理牙本质粘接界面能够在粘接界面形成矿物质,减少粘接混合层微渗漏;STMP、PAA 与BG共同预处理牙本质粘接界面,可能在一定程度上维持牙本质粘接修复的耐久性。     

5.25%NaOCl冲洗液在两种不同机械预备根管时对牙本质微硬度的影响

目的:比较不锈钢器械和机用镍钛器械预备根管5.25%次氯酸钠(NaOCl)作冲洗液对根管牙本质微硬度的影响。方法:29个磨牙根随机分为4组,8个牙根摘除牙髓后用5.25%NaOCl冲洗;16个牙根分别用不锈钢器械和机用镍钛器械预备根管,5.25%NaOCl作冲洗液;5个牙根摘除牙髓后用蒸馏水冲洗作对照。用微硬度测定仪检测根管牙本质的微硬度。结果:5.25%NaOCl对牙本质微硬度产生一定的影响;各组牙本质在距髓腔500μm和1000μm处微硬度有显著差异;不锈钢器械预备后的牙本质微硬度显著低于镍钛器械。结论:根管器械预备和NaOCl冲洗液改变牙本质的机械性能,镍钛器械的使用可降低冲洗液对牙本质的不良影响。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.