氨麻美敏分散片的人体相对生物利用度和生物等效性

目的：研究氨麻美敏分散片受试制剂与参比制剂中盐酸伪黄碱、马来酸氯苯那敏、氢溴酸右美沙芬、对乙酰氨基酚的人体相对生物利用度及生物等效性。方法：18名健康受试者采用随机分组自身交叉对照实验设计，口服氨麻美敏分散片受试制剂和参比制剂各2片（相当于对乙酰氨基酚650mg，盐酸伪麻黄碱60mg，氢溴酸右美沙芬30mg，马来酸氯苯那敏4mg），定时取血，用LC-MS／MS法测定血药浓度，以DAS软件计算人体相对生物利用度，评价生物等效性。结果：口服氨麻美敏分散片受试制剂和参比制剂，盐酸伪麻黄碱的消除半衰期分别为（4．3±1．6）h和（4．0±1．5）h，达峰时间分别为（1．8±1．3）h和（1．9±1．0）h，达峰浓度分别为（463．3±149．7）和（462．6±193．6）μg·L^-1。，相对生物利用度为（105．7±44．6）％；马来酸氯苯那敏的消除半衰期分别为（20．0±8．2）h和（18．2±8．5）h，达峰时间分别为（3．0±1．3）h和（3．2±1．6）h，达峰浓度分别为（8．8±3．8）μg·L^-1和（9．3±4．5）μg·L^-1相对生物利用度为（104．0±38．3）％；氢溴酸右美沙芬的消除半衰期分别为（4．0±1．4）h和（3．8±1．7）h，达峰时间分别为（2．6±1．2）h和（2．9±2．1）h，达峰浓度分别为（5．8±6．8）μg·L^-1。和（5．8±6．8）μg·L^-1，相对生物利用度为（93．7±25．3）％；对乙酰氨基酚的消除半衰期分别为（3．1±1．4）h和（3．2±1．6）h，达峰时间分别为（1．2±0．8）h和（1．2±0．6）h，达峰浓度分别为（9924．5±4419．6）μg·L^-1和（10131．1±5320．3）μg·L^-1，相对生物利用度为（112．3±57．9）％。结论：受试制剂与参比制剂具有生物等效性。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法研究人体内马来酸氨氯地平滴丸的生物等效性

目的：研究健康人口服马来酸氨氯地平滴丸后的药动学和生物等效性。方法：20个健康受试者采用随机分组自身交叉对照试验设计，口服马来酸氨氯地平滴丸10mg后应用LC／MS／MS测定血浆中氨氯地平浓度，以DAS2．0软件计算其药动学参数和评价生物等效性。结果：在选定的色谱／质谱条件下氨氯地平与内标及血浆杂质分离良好，在0．2～16．0μg·L^-1范围内线性良好。相对回收率大于95．420，日内和日间RSD小于12．6%,氨氯地平受试制剂（T）和参比制剂（R）的主要药动学参数：tmax分别为（5．7±0．8）h和（6．0±1．0）h，Cmax分别为（5．3±1．4）μg·L^-1和（5．3±1．4）μg·L^-1；t1/2分别为（43．7±4．4）h和（44．6±4．3）h；AUC0→∞分别为（188．2±49．6）μg·h·L^-1和（185．0±44．8）μg·h·L^-1；用面积法（AUC0→∞）估算的马来酸氨氯地平滴丸相对生物利用度为（102．0±13．6）%。结论：用LC／MS／MS测定血浆中氨氯地平浓度，杂质无干扰，定量限低，重复性好，准确度高。受试的马来酸氨氯地平滴丸与参比的马来酸氨氯地平片（麦利平）生物等效。     

加替沙星分散片人体药动学及生物等效性

20名健康志愿者随机交叉单剂量口服加替沙星分散片（受试）和片剂（参比）400mg。用HPLC法检测血浆中加替沙星浓度，计算两种制剂的药动学参数并进行生物等效性评价。结果表明，受试制剂和参比制剂的主要药动学参数：AUC0→t为（35．51±4．87）和（36．38±4．50）μg·h·ml^-1，Cmax为（4．48±0．89）和（4．60±0．86）μg／ml，tmax为（0．85±0．38）和（0．94±0．38）h。加替沙星分散片的相对生物利用度为（98．5±15．4）％，表明两制剂具有生物等效性。     

进口与国产齐多夫定胶囊在健康人体的生物等效性

目的研究国产与进口齐多夫定胶囊（抗病毒药）在健康志愿者体内的药代动力学及生物等效性。方法18例健康志愿者单剂量随机交叉口服试验药和对照药齐多夫定胶囊各200mg，用反相高效液相色谱法测定血药浓度，计算其药代动力学参数，评价2制剂的生物等效性。结果试验与参比制剂的主要药代动力学参数Cmax分别为（1．41±0．34），（1．25±0．36）μg·mL^-1；tmax分别为（0．4±0．2），（0．5±0．2）h；t1／2分别为（1．2±0．15），（1．73±0．39）h；AUC0-t分别为（1．64±0．32），（1．66±0．24）μg·h·mL^-1；AUC0-∞分别为（1．69±0．33），（1．72±0．24）μg·h·mL^-1。上述参数经统计学分析无明显差异。结论2种制剂具有生物等效性。     

普伐他汀钠片和胶囊的人体生物等效性

目的：评价健康受试者单剂量口服受试普伐他汀钠片剂、胶囊剂及参比普伐他汀钠片剂在人体内的生物等效性。方法：采用3周期的二重3×3拉丁方交叉试验设计，24名健康男性受试者随机交叉口服40mg的3种普伐他汀钠制剂。用HPLC法测定受试者体内普伐他汀钠的血药浓度变化，并进行生物等效性评价。结果：普伐他汀钠片剂、胶囊剂与参比制剂普伐他汀钠片的AUG0→∞分别为（234．3±45．0），（229．7±50．3），（243．0±40．9）μg·h·L^-1；AUG0→T分别为（205．4±38．3），（202．8±40．1），（211．4±36．7）μg·h·L^-1；tmax分别为（1．4±0．4），（1．4±0．3），（1．5±0．3）h；Cmax分别为（48．3±9．7），（49．0±12．5），（49．2±11．3）μg·L^-1。普伐他汀钠片与胶囊的相对生物利用度分别为（97．5±10．7）％和（96．2±10．2）％。结论：经统计学分析，2种受试制剂均与参比制剂生物等效。     

液-质联用法考察单硝酸异山梨酯片的人体生物等效性

目的：建立液-质联用法（LC-MS／MS）的检测方法，评价受试与参比的单硝酸异山梨酯片在健康人体的生物等效性。方法：健康志愿者20名，随机交叉试验设计，单剂量口服受试或参比制剂，给药剂量均为20mg，应用LC-MS／MS法测定各受试者给药后不同时间点的血药浓度，计算药动学参数，应用BAPP 2．0软件进行生物等效性评价。结果：受试与参比制剂的药动学参数如下，AUC0-24分别为（3．4±0．6）mg·h·L^-1、（3．3±0．7）mg·h·L^-1，AUC0-∞分别为（3．6±0．7）mg·h·L^-1、（3．5±0．7）mg·h·L^-1；tmax分别为（1．2±0．9）h、（1．0±0．6）h；Cmax分别为（464．9±108．2）μg·L^-1、（433．6±115．3）μg·L^-1；t1／2分别为（5．4±0．7）h、（5．5±0．9）h。单硝酸异山梨酯片的相对生物利用度为（106．0±16．0）％，主要药动学参数经统计学分析无显著性差异。结论：受试与参比制剂具有生物等效性。     

氯雷他定软胶囊人体相对生物利用度和生物等效性

目的：通过高效液相一质谱联用（HPLC-MS／MS）法检测人血浆中氯雷他定的浓度，研究健康受试者口服氯雷他定受试软胶囊和参比片的人体相对生物利用度和生物等效性。方法：18名男性健康志愿者随机交叉分别单剂量口服受试制荆和参比制剂40mg，采用HPLC-MS／MS法测定血浆中药物浓度，通过方差分析和双单侧t检验比较2种制剂的AUG0-24、AUG0→∞、Cmax、tmax结果：受试制剂和参比制剂的主要药动学参数为AuC0→24分别为（218．6±84．4）和（199．5±71．0）μg·h·-1，AUC0→∞分别为（226．7±87．5）和（205．7±73．2）μg·h·-1，Cmax分别为（71．9±23．7）和（69．8±23．9）μg·h·-1，tmax分别为（0．97±0．36）和（1．04±0．32）h，t1／2分别为（5．2±2．1）和（5．2±1．7）h。结论：2种氯雷他定制剂生物等效，受试制剂和参比制剂的相对生物利用度为（111．8±25）％。     

氟罗沙星胶囊在健康人体的药代动力学和生物等效性

目的研究氟罗沙星胶囊（第3代喹诺酮类抗生素）的药代动力学并评价2种国产制剂的生物等效性。方法用随机分组自身对照方法，20例健康男性志愿者单次口服氟罗沙星参比和受试制剂200mg后，用高效液相色谱一紫外法测定血浆中氟罗沙星浓度，用3P97软件进行药代动力学参数的计算及生物等效性评价。结果2种氟罗沙星胶囊在健康志愿者体内的药一时曲线均符合一室开放模型，参比与受试制剂的主要药代动力学参数：Cmax分别为（2．90±0．55），（2．94±0．53）μg·mL^-1；tmax分别为（1．09±0．44），（1．09±0．38）h；t1/2分别为（12．64±1．71），（13．14±1．78）h；AUC0-t分别为（29．86±3．40），（32．81±4．54）μg·h·mL^-1；AUC0-∞分别为（32．54±3．90），（35．70±5．53）μg·h·mL^-1。受试制剂的相对生物利用度为（110．1±11．4）％。结论氟罗沙星的受试制剂和参比制剂在健康人体有生物等效性。     

盐酸二甲双胍肠溶胶囊人体药动学及生物等效性

采用双周期随机交叉给药法，比较T20名健康男性志愿者单剂量口服盐酸二甲双胍肠溶胶囊500mg后的药物动力学，并与参比制剂进行生物等效性评价。采用LC—MS／MS法测定血浆药物浓度，结果表明，受试制剂和参比制剂的主要药物动力学参数为：Cmax为（533．0±203．2）和（549．5±210．6）ng／ml，tmax为（3．6±1．5）h和（3．5±1．7）h，AUC0→24h为（3330．5±1027．3）和（3468．4±1139．1）h·ng·ml^-1，AUC0→∞（3405．7±1046．7）和（3553．2±1155．7）h·ng·ml^-1。受试制剂的相对生物利用度为（97．8±12．2）％，表明两种制剂生物等效。     

盐酸倍他洛尔片在健康人体的药代动力学和相对生物利用度

目的研究盐酸倍他洛尔（抗高血压药）在健康人体内药代动力学和相对生物利用度。方法18名男性健康受试者单剂量交叉口服盐酸倍他洛尔片进口制剂和被试制剂40mg后，用高效液相色谱-荧光法测定不同时间血药浓度。所得药-时数据经3P97软件处理。结果2制剂药-时曲线均符合-房室开放模型，tmax分别为（4．6±1．4），（4．1±1．1）h；Cmac分别为（51．45±9．21），（53．69±10．58）μg·L^-1；t1／2kc分别为（17．16±2．27），（16．47±2．80）h；AUC0-60h分另0为（1007±165），（1145±218）μg·h·L^-1；AUC0-∞分别为（1165±214），（1281±250）μg·h·L^-1。与进口制剂相比，国产制剂的相对生物利用度F0-t为（89．4±15．0）％，F0-∞为（92．6±18．0）％。结论2种制剂具有生物等效性。     

国产青霉素V钾颗粒剂的药动学及相对生物利用度

目的观察健康志愿者口服青霉素V钾颗粒剂的药动学及相对生物利用度。方法12名健康志愿者随机交叉口服等剂量青霉素V钾颗粒剂及青霉素V钾片剂(参比药),并用微生物法测定青霉素V钾的血药浓度。结果单剂量空腹口服500mg受试药与参比药后T     

Comparative bioavailability study of two phenoxymethylpenicillin potassium tablet formulations in healthy volunteers

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of 2 phenoxymethylpenicillin 500,000 UI tablet formulations in healthy human volunteers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted using an open, randomized crossover design with a 7-day washout interval. A single dose of each formulation was administered to 26 healthy volunteers as assessed by clinical and laboratory test evaluations. The plasma samples were obtained over an 8-h interval and phenoxymethylpenicillin concentrations were quantified by a suitable and validated HPLC-UV method with detection at 220 nm. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate measurement were taken pre dose and at intervals up to 8 h. RESULTS: Tolerance of both products was adequate. The mean of Meracilina/Pen-Ve-Oral 500,000 UI% geometric mean was 99.89% for AUC0-t, 100.86% for AUC0-infinity and 101.11% for Cmax. The 90% confidence intervals were 94.62 - 105.46%, 95.22 - 106.83% and 98.61 - 103.87%, respectively. The mean recovery of phenoxymethylpenicillin was 94.8%, while the retention time observed for phenoxymethylpenicillin and phenytoin (internal standard) was 4 and 10 min, respectively. The limit of quantification was 0.10 mg/l. CONCLUSION: Since the 90% CI for AUC0-t, AUC0-infinity and Cmax ratios were all within the 80 - 125% interval proposed by the US FDA and accepted by ANVISA, it was concluded that the Meracilina formulation (manufactured by AchA(c) S.A.) is bioequivalent to Pen-Ve-Oral (manufactured by Eurofarma) for both the rate and the extent of bioavailability.     

Pharmacokinetics of prenylamine racemate and enantiomers in man

Pharmacokinetics of racemic prenylamine were investigated in 6 healthy volunteers. Plasma levels were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Concentration-time profiles were analyzed both by compartment-dependent and compartment-independent pharmacokinetic models. Terminal elimination half-life was 14.1 h (SD: 6.9 h). The apparent total clearance was 5.8 l/min. Mean residence time of racemic prenylamine was found to be 14.7 h (SD: 3.8 h). The relative bioavailability of prenylamine (Segontin 100) was 82.2% (SD: 9.9%) determined in six healthy volunteers. The volunteers received simultaneously the film tablet and 100 mg racemic dideuteroprenylamine as an aqueous solution of the lactate. This procedure is known to exclude intraindividual changes in absorption, first-pass metabolism or volume of distribution that might occur on sequential administration. The absolute bioavailability was estimated to be in the order of 15%. In a pilot study the pharmacokinetics of the enantiomers were investigated in 2 healthy volunteers. S-(+)-prenylamine was eliminated considerably faster from plasma than R-(-)-prenylamine suggesting a stereoselective metabolism. The AUC of the (+)-enantiomer was 20% of that of the R-(-)-prenylamine.     

Lansoprazole pharmacokinetics differ in patients with oesophagitis compared to healthy volunteers

AIM: To compare the pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole in patients with reflux oesophagitis and in healthy volunteers, after a single dose and at steady-state. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 30 mg dose of lansoprazole was administered orally daily for 7 days in eight healthy male volunteers aged 21-24 years, and in 16 patients aged 29-65 years with grade 2 or 3 reflux oesophagitis. The pharmacokinetics were assessed over the 24 h dose interval following the first dose and again after the 7th dose. RESULTS: Within both the patient and volunteers groups, there were no significant differences between day 1 and day 7 in any of the pharmacokinetic parameters including maximum concentration (Cmax), area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), and terminal half-life of elimination (t(1/2)). However, on both days 1 and 7, values were significantly higher in the patients than in the healthy volunteers. On day 7, Cmax was 1343 ng/mL in patients compared with 765 ng/mL in healthy volunteers, AUC was 3458 ng.h/mL vs. 1350 ng.h/mL and t(1/2) was 1.62 h vs. 0.90 h. CONCLUSION: The differences in results for the pharmacokinetics reflect reduced lansoprazole clearance in the patient group. Other research has not found a difference in pharmacokinetics when comparing healthy volunteers with patients with acid-related disorders. The difference in lansoprazole clearance in this study may be related to a variety of factors that are different in patients compared with young normal volunteers, such as age, gender, other drugs, and reduced general well-being.     

Pharmacokinetics of lipoic acid in healthy Chinese volunteers after single and multiple doses of Lipoic acid dispersible tablets

This study aimedto evaluate the pharmacokinetics for lipoic acid (LA) after oral administration of 12 healthy Chinese volunteers with single and multiple-dose of lipoic acid dispersal tablets using a liquid chromatography-temdend mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods. In single-dose study, healthy Chinese male and female volunteers received three dose levels at 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 g of LA dispersal tablets with a 3×3 Latina square design. In multiple-dose study, 12 healthy Chinese volunteers received orally a 0.1 g of LA dispersible tablet three times daily for 6 consecutive days and 0.3 g once on day 7. The results showed that pharmacokinetics of LA fitted a two-compartment open model. The values of area under the curve (AUC) increased proportionally within the range of 0.2–0.4 g, while the Vd/F, CL/F, MRT, t_1/2 and t_max of LA were similar at three dose levels. The steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters of LA were similar to those following a single dose and no accumulation was found following multiple-dose of LA dispersal tablets.     

盐酸特拉唑嗪口腔崩解片人体生物等效性研究

目的研究特拉唑嗪口腔崩解片在健康人体内的药动学行为,并以胶囊剂为参比进行生物等效性评价。方法采用液质联用(LC-MS-MS)法测定服药后受试者血浆中特拉唑嗪的质量浓度并计算主要药动学参数。结果 18名受试者口服含盐酸特拉唑嗪2 mg的受试制剂和参比制剂后,血浆中特拉唑嗪的tmax为(1.3±0.8)、(1.2±0.8)h,ρmax为(62.9±20.4)、(62.0±15.3)μg.L-1,t1/2为(10.2±1.3)、(10.7±1.3)h,AUC0-t为(556.3±162.6)、(584.2±124.2)μg.h.L-1,AUC0-∞为(576.4±169.9)、(611.7±126.5)μg.h.L-1。以AUC0-t计算,盐酸特拉唑嗪口腔崩解片中特拉唑嗪的相对生物利用度为(96.2±22.4)%。结论受试制剂和参比制剂具有生物等效性。     

格列齐特缓释片药物动力学及人体相对生物利用度研究

目的:建立人血浆中格列齐特浓度的LC/MS/MS测定方法,并研究两种格列齐特缓释片的药动学及人体相对生物利用度.方法:采用随机双交叉试验方法,测定18例健康男性志愿者单剂量以及多剂量口服格列齐特缓释片后的血药浓度,并对受试制剂与参比制剂的生物等效性进行评价.结果:单剂量口服受试制剂和参比制剂的Tmax分别为(6.44±1.42)和(6.44±1.15)h;Cmax分别为(730±136)和(735±155)ng·mL-1;t1/2分别为(15.4±4.48)和(14.5±1.91)h;Cl分别为(2.12±0.60)和(2.11±0.70)L·h-1;Vd分别为(45.0±10.2)和(44.5±15.4)L.多剂量口服受试制剂和参比制剂的Tmax分别为(6.11±0.83)和(6.06±0.73)h;Cmax分别为(1 354±420)和(1 324±430)ng·mL-1;Cmin分别为(244±63.2)和(254±59.6)ng·mL-1;Cav分别为(496±182)和(505±218)ng·mL-1.结论:单剂量和多剂量口服格列齐特缓释片后,体内相对生物利用度分别为(98.3±14.3)%和(99.8±8.4)%.经方差分析和双单侧t检验,表明2种制剂在人体内生物等效.     

苦参碱胶丸在健康人体内的药动学

目的研究苦参碱在健康人体内的药动学特征。方法 9例健康男性受试者分别给予不同剂量的苦参碱胶丸(100、200或400 mg,服药间隔至少为7 d)后,采用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法测定血浆中苦参碱的浓度,经DAS 2.0软件计算药动学参数。结果健康受试者口服苦参碱胶丸100、200或400 mg后,血浆中苦参碱的ρmax、tmax、t1/2、AUC0-t和AUC0-∞分别为(603.84±131.80)、(1 207.27±331.95)和(2 384.44±720.67)μg.L-1,(1.33±0.61)、(1.61±0.78)和(1.67±0.71)h,(8.68±1.32)、(8.28±0.97)和(7.82±0.76)h,(6 203.25±131.80)、(12 816.34±4 665.77)和(20 077.59±6 841.86)μg.h.L-1,(6 375.38±2 253.17)、(13 047.49±4 780.74)和(20 316.03±6 939.34)μg.h.L-1。结论苦参碱在健康人体内的安全性和耐受性良好,血药浓度与药物剂量成正相关。     

布洛芬颗粒剂的人体生物等效性研究

目的:研究布洛芬颗粒剂的人体生物等效性.方法:HPLC法测定18名男性健康志愿者单剂量口服400 mg布洛芬颗粒剂后的血药浓度,拟合药动学参数并进行统计学评价.结果:单剂量口服布洛芬颗粒剂试验制剂和参比制剂后,血浆中布洛芬的Cmax别为(39.35±5.42)μg·ml-1和(40.10±6.33)μg·ml-1;tmax分别为(1.64±0.41)h和(1.58±0.19)h;AUC(0-10)分别为(142.70±25.02)μg·ml-1·h和(150.29±18.24)μg·ml-1·h;AUC(0-in分别为(152.93±28.14)μg·ml-1·h和(161.18±19.59)μg·ml-1·h.相对生物利用度为(95.97±18.91)%.结论:经方差分析与双单侧t检验,试验制剂与参比制剂具有生物等效性.     

No effect of acylpeptide hydrolase polymorphisms on pharmacokinetics of sodium valproate in healthy Chinese male volunteers

OBJECTIVE Sodium valproate(VPA) is one of the most common prescribed antiepileptic drugs(AEDs). Genetic variation in genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes may contribute the inter-individual variability in VPA pharmacokinetics. Our previous study showed that acylpeptide hydrolase(APEH) polymorphisms might affect the VPA plasma concentration in Chinese epilepsy patients by increasing the urinary excretion of valproate-glucuronide(VPA-G), the major metabolite of VPA. This study aimed to investigate the effects of APEH rs3816877 on the pharmacokinetics of VPA in healthy Chinese male volunteers. METHODS Thirteen subjects enrolled in this clinical trial were genotyped for APEH rs3816877 by polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP).All volunteers received an oral dose of 1000 mg of VPA sustain tablets(Depakine, Sanofi). The peripheral venous blood and urine were sampled for up to 72 h and 24 h post dose, respectively. The concentration of VPA and VPA-G in plasma and urine were determined by the high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS) system. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using standard non-compartmental model. RESULTS No significantly different C_(max),T_(max), t_(1/2), CL, Vd, AUC_(0-72 h), and AUC_(0-∞) were observed between APEH rs3816877 C/C group and C/T group.However, the subjects carrying rs3816877 C/C genotype were characteristics with significantly higher urinary excretion of VPA-G than those with C/T genotype. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that APEH rs3816877 may have no effect on the pharmacokinetics of VPA in healthy Chinese male volunteers.