口腔颌面-头颈鳞癌的分子生物学研究

口腔颌面-头颈鳞癌是发病率和死亡率较高的全球性疾病。临床常用的TNM分期不能对其遗传学特征和生物学特性作出正确的判断：肿瘤的分子特点对治疗方案选择、降低死亡率和提高生存率有一定帮助。特异基因表达谱的应用．能改善诊断方法．为个体化治疗提供基础；头颈鳞癌分子谱型的应用，可以对淋巴结转移和手术切缘作出正确的诊断．以便正确指导手术范围的确定。2000～2005年，约有40多篇有关头颈鳞癌基因表达谱的研究报道，本文就研究中发现有变化的基因进行综述和分析。结果表明，在肿瘤和非肿瘤之间，存在多个基因的变化。GO分类分析结果表明．这些基因涉及22种生理功能；进一步对这些变化基因进行基因组、蛋白组和功能的研究，将对揭示头颈鳞癌的分子病理学发生机制产生积极作用。     

Tissue engineering technology and its possible applications in oral and maxillofacial surgery

Tissue engineering is a rapidly advancing discipline that combines the attributes of biochemical and biomaterial engineering with cell transplantation to create bio-artificial tissues and organs. For the oral and maxillofacial surgeon, the reconstruction of maxillofacial defects in hard and soft tissues is an ongoing challenge. While autologous grafts and vascularised free flaps are the current gold standard, they are not without complications at both the donor and reconstructed sites. Tissue engineering, which aims to create tissue-matched, prefabricated, prevascularised bony or soft tissue composite grafts, or both, therefore has the potential to revolutionise practice in maxillofacial surgery. We review the technology of tissue engineering and its current and future applications within the specialty, and discuss contemporary obstacles yet to be overcome.     

Molecular biology in oral research

Molecular biology is a study of molecules that are associated with living organisms. In recent years major advances in molecular biology have had a strong impact on medical and dental science. The new knowledge has led to a change in strategies for controlling dental diseases. In the present review we give a short introduction to some major advances in dental research which are based on molecular biology methods. This includes studies of dental hard tissue formations, mucosal immunity, tissue degradation by proteolytic enzymes, and intercellular communication by surface carbohydrate structures.     

Assessing the economic return of specializing in orthodontics or oral and maxillofacial surgery.

BACKGROUND: The authors determined the economic returns from an educational investment in the specialties of orthodontics and oral an maxillofacial surgery. They also addressed problems found in previous studies. METHODS: The marginal return for specializing in orthodontics or oral and maxillofacial surgery was determined using net present value and internal rate of return, or IRR, with the income of the general dentist serving as the common opportunity cost. Extreme scenario, threshold and one-way sensitivity analyses were used to account for variation in the data. RESULTS: The median group of orthodontists broke even 5.9 years after specialty training and had a working lifetime net return of $271,536 above that of general dentists; the IRR for them was 10.36 percent. The median group of oral and maxillofacial surgeons broke even 2.3 years after training and had a working lifetime net return of $587,563 above that of general dentists; the IRR for them was 25.30 percent. CONCLUSIONS: Under the most likely conditions, the authors found a positive economic return to dentists in both specialties from their additional dental training. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The positive financial returns brought by specialization indicate that the demand for additional dental education should continue within an environment of increased educational investment costs.     

Piezosurgery in oral and maxillofacial surgery

This review summarizes current knowledge and experience with piezosurgery, a promising, meticulous and soft tissue-sparing system for bone cutting, based on ultrasonic microvibrations. The main advantages of piezosurgery include soft tissue protection, optimal visibility in the surgical field, decreased blood loss, less vibration and noise, increased comfort for the patient and protection of tooth structure. To date it has been indicationed for use in oral and maxillofacial surgery, otorhinolaryngology, neurosurgery, ophthalmology, traumatology and orthopaedics. The main indications in oral surgery are sinus lift, bone graft harvesting, osteogenic distraction, ridge expansion, endodontic surgery, periodontal surgery, inferior alveolar nerve decompression, cyst removal, dental extraction and impacted tooth removal. In conclusion, piezosurgery is a promising technical modality for different aspects of bone surgery with a rapidly increasing number of indications throughout the whole field of surgery.     

Lasers in oral and maxillofacial surgery

Because of their many advantages, lasers have become indispensable in OMS as a modality for soft tissue surgery. Based on manufacturer estimates, approximately 10% to 20% of all oral and maxillofacial surgeons have one or more lasers in their offices, and most surgeons have access to lasers in the hospital. Lasers not only enhance the current surgical options for treatment, but also have expanded the scope of practice. There are many uses for lasers in OMS, and the advent of new wavelengths will undoubtedly lead to new procedures that can be performed with them. One [figure: see text] elusive use is hard tissue surgery. Although the Er:YAG has been approved for hard tissue use in the United States and currently is being used in general dentistry, it is still not yet practical or proven for large-volume osseous or extraction surgery, in which the greatest opportunity for innovation and clinical use exists. With future research, it is possible that the right wavelength laser will be developed for this purpose, allowing an increased base of procedures performed with lasers in OMS.     

胸锁乳突肌区域组织瓣及其在口腔颌面外科的应用

胸锁乳突肌区域组织瓣在口腔颌面外科、头颈外科和整形外科均有应用.胸锁乳突肌由枕动脉、甲状腺上动脉和甲状颈干分支等血管营养,肌肉血供丰富,表面皮肤血供稍差.胸锁乳突肌区域组织瓣包括部分胸锁乳突肌瓣、胸锁乳突肌瓣、胸锁乳突肌肌皮瓣、胸锁乳突肌肌筋膜瓣和胸锁乳突肌肌骨瓣.应用胸锁乳突肌区域组织瓣可修复腮腺术后局部凹陷畸形、下...     

Dyskeratosis congenita: its connections with oral and maxillofacial surgery

Dyskeratosis congenita is characterised by abnormal pigmentation of skin, dystrophy of nails, and mucosal leukoplakia mainly on the tongue. Bone marrow failure, pulmonary complication, and premalignant leukoplakia of the tongue are serious complications of the disease.     

透明质酸及其在口腔颌面外科领域的研究应用

透明质酸是一种酸性粘多糖,有独特的分子结构和理化性质,生理功能多样,可润滑关节,调节血管壁的通透性,调节蛋白质、水电解质扩散及运转,促进创伤愈合等。目前,透明质酸已广泛应用于临床各科室,该文将对透明质酸的结构、合成与代谢、在口腔颌面外科中的应用作一综述。     

Stereotactic navigation in oral and maxillofacial surgery

Navigation is an adjunct to existing surgical procedures. It is potentially useful in any procedure where it is possible to make a three-dimensional surgical plan from computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, but is not easy to translate this plan into surgical reality because of absolute limitations of access or lack of anatomical landmarks.     

Regenerative nanotechnology in oral and maxillofacial surgery

Regenerative nanotechnology is at the forefront of medical research, and translational medicine is a challenge to both scientists and clinicians. Although there has been an exponential rise in the volume of research generated about it for both medical and surgical uses, key questions remain about its actual benefits. Nevertheless, some people think that therapeutics based on its principles may form the core of applied research for the future. Here we give an account of its current use in oral and maxillofacial surgery, and implications and challenges for the future.     

Computed tomography in oral and maxillofacial surgery

The use of computed tomography (CT) in oral and maxillofacial surgery is discussed. The CT scan delineates lesions in the oral and maxillofacial complex to aid in planning of surgical treatment. Case examples are presented, and the indications for the use of CT scanning are discussed.     

Arteriography in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

A brief review of the methodology of selective external carotid arteriography is presented together with its risks, complications, and contraindications. The indications for this procedure are described with illustrative case material to demonstrate its usefulness in both diagnosis and preoperative evaluation of various types of lesions of the head and neck that may be encountered in the practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery.