高度近视眼黄斑视网膜劈裂光相干断层扫描观察

目的 观察高度近视眼黄斑视网膜劈裂的光相干断层扫描(OCT)图像及临床特征.方法 回顾性分析经最佳矫正视力、屈光度、前置镜、A/B型超声和OCT检查确诊的154例高度近视患者158只眼的临床资料.OCT检查主要进行黄斑部水平及垂直线性扫描.根据OCT检查后极部是否存在视网膜劈裂,将其分为劈裂组、非劈裂组.其中,劈裂组53例55只眼,占34.8%;非劈裂组101例103只眼,占65.2%.回顾分析时,对两组患者年龄、性别、屈光度、视力、眼轴长度、后巩膜葡萄肿发生率、玻璃体牵引率、视网膜脱离发生率进行比较.结果 B型超声检查显示,158只眼均有后巩膜葡萄肿.OCT检查显示,视网膜劈裂组55只眼中,内层劈裂15只眼,占27.3%;外层劈裂53只眼,占96.4%;中层劈裂7只眼,占12.7%.内外层劈裂可单独存在,也可共存于同一患眼,中层劈裂都与外层劈裂相伴.存在2种或以上类型的劈裂13只眼,占23.6%;单纯外层劈裂40只眼,占72.7%;仅有内层劈裂2只眼,占3.6%.伴视网膜脱离26只眼,占47.3%;伴黄斑裂孔13只眼,占23.6%;伴玻璃体牵引12只眼,占21.8%.非劈裂组103只眼中,伴玻璃体牵引23只眼,占22.3%;黄斑裂孔19只眼,占18.4%;视网膜脱离21只眼,占20.4%.两组患者年龄(t=0.250)、屈光度(t=1.156)、眼轴(t=0.252)、性别(X2=1.075)构成、黄斑裂孔(X2=0.598)、后巩膜葡萄肿(X2=∞)、玻璃体牵引(X2=0.05)的发生率比较.差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);但视网膜劈裂组视力明显低于非劈裂组(X2=6.345,P<0.05);视网膜脱离的发生率明显高于非劈裂组(X2=12.400,P<0.05).结论高度近视眼黄斑视网膜劈裂存在于视网膜内中外多个层次,其中外层劈裂最常见;患者往往视力低下且常伴发其他黄斑病变,以视网膜脱离最常见.     

高度近视视网膜劈裂患者手术前后谱域光相干断层扫描影像学特征

目的 观察高度近视视网膜劈裂患者行玻璃体切割手术前后谱域光相干断层扫描(SD-OCT)的影像学特征.方法 回顾性分析SD-OCT检查确诊为高度近视视网膜劈裂不伴黄斑裂孔行玻璃体切割手术治疗的8例患者8只眼临床资料.所有患者均行矫正视力、屈光度、前置镜眼底检查、A/B型超声及SD-OCT检查.所有患眼视网膜均存在外层劈裂.其中,合并中层或内层劈裂5只眼,伴中心凹脱离5只眼.前置镜检查结果显示,8只眼中,黄斑中心凹出现局限性浅脱离3只眼;未发现明显异常5只眼.后极部出现巩膜葡萄肿7只眼.SD-OCT检查结果显示,后极部视网膜呈现明显向下凹陷的弧形条带7只眼;未见明显向下凹陷的弧形条带1只眼.所有患眼均接受玻璃体切割加内界膜剥除手术治疗.手术后1、3、6个行时SD-OCT复查,对比观察手术前后视网膜后极部形态结构影像检查特征变化.结果 手术后6个月,后极部劈裂消失视网膜基本贴附原位6只眼;仍存在中心凹脱离1只眼;出现旁中心凹裂孔1只眼.手术后6个月,矫正视力由手术前0.15提高至0.8者1只眼,SD-OCT检查显示,视网膜光感受器内外节(IS/OS)连接光带层连续性大部分恢复.矫正视力由手术前0.01和0.05提高至0.1和0.15者2只眼;保持不变者5只眼.SD-OCT检查结果显示,手术后IS/OS连接光带层均仍有缺失.结论 高度近视视网膜劈裂在SD-OCT中形态表现多样,以外层劈裂居多.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the image features of high myopia with retinoschisis by spectraldomain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods The clinical data of eight patients (eight eyes)of high myopia with retinoschisis were retrospective analyzed. All patients were diagnosed by SD-OCT (Topcon 3D OCT-1000), had no macular holes and underwent vitrectomy including internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and gas tamponade. All patients also underwent visual acuity, refraction,pre-mirror fundus examination and A/B-mode ultrasound examination. Visual acuity and SD-OCT were followed up at one, three and six months after surgery. Before surgery, pre-mirror fundus examination revealed shallow foveal detachment in 3/8 eyes, posterior scleral staphyloma in 7/8 eyes. SD-OCT showed concave arc stripes in 7/8 eyes, and outer retinoschisis in 8/8 eyes, middle or inner retinoschisis in 5/8 eyes and foveal detachment in 5/8 eyes. Results Six months after surgery, posterior retinoschisis disappeared in six eyes, foveal detachment still presented in one eye and parafoveal hole occurred in one eye. The corrected visual acuity improved from the 0. 15 to 0. 8 in one eye which had a restored continuous inner segment/outer segmen (IS/OS) line by SD-OCT. The corxected visual acuity improved from 0. 01 to 0. 1 in one eye, from 0. 05 to 0. 15 in one eye, not changed in five eyes. There was no continuous IS/OS line in those patients by SD-OCT. Conclusions SD-OCT shows a variety of morphological features of myopic retinoschisis which could be cured anatomically and functionally by vitrectomy combined ILM peeling. The continuity of IS/OS layer from SD-OCT could help to interpret the vision recovery after the operation.     

病理性近视黄斑劈裂光相干断层扫描图像分型及其对临床的指导意义

病理性近视黄斑劈裂光相干断层扫描(OCT)的类组织学分型可以分为单纯外层劈裂、外层和中层劈裂、外层和内层劈裂、多层劈裂4种情况.以彻底清除玻璃体后皮质及后部血管弓内的内界膜为重点的玻璃体视网手术是治疗病理性近视黄斑劈裂的主要选择.其中,单纯外层劈裂合并中心凹脱离者,手术后视功能改善较明显;而多层劈裂者视功能改善有限或不改善.合理剥除后皮质与内界膜起始点,应在未发生内层劈裂处.正确认识和了解病理性近视黄斑劈裂的OCT分型.对于选择玻璃体视网膜手术方式和判断治疗预后有积极意义.     

病理性近视黄斑劈裂光相干断层扫描图像分型及其对临床的指导意义

病理性近视黄斑劈裂光相干断层扫描(OCT)的类组织学分型可以分为单纯外层劈裂、外层和中层劈裂、外层和内层劈裂、多层劈裂4种情况.以彻底清除玻璃体后皮质及后部血管弓内的内界膜为重点的玻璃体视网手术是治疗病理性近视黄斑劈裂的主要选择.其中,单纯外层劈裂合并中心凹脱离者,手术后视功能改善较明显;而多层劈裂者视功能改善有限或不改善.合理剥除后皮质与内界膜起始点,应在未发生内层劈裂处.正确认识和了解病理性近视黄斑劈裂的OCT分型.对于选择玻璃体视网膜手术方式和判断治疗预后有积极意义.     

高度近视视网膜劈裂症光学相干断层扫描检查的临床研究

目的 探讨高度近视视网膜劈裂症患者发生的年龄、眼轴、视力情况,以及其影像学特征和发生机制.方法 回顾性系列病例研究.对611例（992眼）高度近视患者行光学相干断层扫描（OCT）、B超、IOL Master、主觉验光、裂隙灯、眼底（散瞳）等检查,其中经OCT检查存在视网膜劈裂者79例（97眼）.根据视网膜劈裂的位置分为黄斑中心凹劈裂组43例（51眼）与黄斑旁中心局部劈裂组36例（46眼）两组,对两组的年龄、眼轴、视力、后巩膜葡萄肿、玻璃体后脱离、黄斑前膜、玻璃体牵引的发生率进行比较.采用独立样本t检验和卡方检验进行统计学分析.结果 发生视网膜劈裂的患者中：总体年龄≥30岁者占73％;眼轴≥28 mm者占96％;视力≥4.5者占66％.视网膜劈裂大部分为外层劈裂,其中黄斑中心凹劈裂组中有5眼为混合劈裂.黄斑中心凹劈裂组与黄斑旁中心局部劈裂组劈裂发生的年龄差异有统计学意义（t=-2.28,P=0.025）.黄斑前膜和玻璃体牵引的发生率在两组差异有统计学意义（x2=9.387,P=0.002;x2=6.590,P=0.01）.结论 高度近视眼视网膜劈裂与长眼轴密切相关;年龄、黄斑前膜、玻璃体牵引与劈裂的类型相关.     

高度近视眼黄斑劈裂患者黄斑区脉络膜容积特征及其临床意义

目的:探讨高度近视眼黄斑劈裂患者的黄斑区脉络膜容积（MCV）的特征及其临床意义。方法:横断面研究。纳入2016年1月至2020年12月于北京大学人民医院眼科门诊就诊的39例（39只眼）高度近视眼黄斑劈裂患者作为黄斑劈裂组,年龄（59.3±6.7）岁,其中男性18例,女性21例;选取年龄、性别、屈光度数匹配但无黄斑并发症...     

高度近视黄斑部视网膜劈裂和非裂孔性视网膜脱离

目的 观察高度近视黄斑部视网膜劈裂(MRS)和非裂孔性视网膜脱离(MRDH)的临床表现和影像学特征.方法 高度近视患者186例349只眼中合并MRS和MRDH的19例24只眼纳入研究.所有患者均进行了主觉验光、双目间接检眼镜、裂隙灯显微镜联合Goldmann三面镜检查,以及眼底照相、A/B型超声和光相干断层扫描(OCT)检查.结果 349只眼中后极部存在MRS和(或)MRDH 24只眼,占6.9%.眼底检查结果 显示.所有患跟均有后巩膜葡萄肿(PS),占100.0%;玻璃体黄斑牵引条带(VMT)2只眼.占8.3%;黄斑部局限性视网膜浅脱离2只眼,占8.3%;黄斑全层裂孔1只眼,占4.2%.B型超声检查结果 显示,所有患眼均伴有PS,占100.0%;黄斑部局限性视网膜浅脱离7只眼,占29.2%,脱离的视网膜与PS锥顶形成弓样结构;VMT条带2只眼,占8.3%.OCT检查结果 显示,黄斑部外层视网膜劈裂(ORS)22只眼,占91.7%,其中合并黄斑部内层视网膜劈裂(IRS)8只眼,占黄斑部ORS的36.4%.MRDH 5只眼,占20.8%,其中合并ORS 3只眼,占MRDH的60.0%;单纯性MRDH 2只眼,占MRDH的40.0%,其中合并VMT 1只眼.VMT 13只眼,占54.2%;黄斑囊样水肿(CME)3只眼,占12.5%;黄斑板层裂孔4只眼,占16.7%.结论 MRS和MRDH是伴有PS的高度近视眼的常见并发症.与常规眼底检查和B型超声相比,OCT是发现MRS和MRDH的更为有效的检查手段.     

高度近视黄斑部视网膜劈裂和非裂孔性视网膜脱离

目的 观察高度近视黄斑部视网膜劈裂(MRS)和非裂孔性视网膜脱离(MRDH)的临床表现和影像学特征.方法 高度近视患者186例349只眼中合并MRS和MRDH的19例24只眼纳入研究.所有患者均进行了主觉验光、双目间接检眼镜、裂隙灯显微镜联合Goldmann三面镜检查,以及眼底照相、A/B型超声和光相干断层扫描(OCT)检查.结果 349只眼中后极部存在MRS和(或)MRDH 24只眼,占6.9%.眼底检查结果 显示.所有患跟均有后巩膜葡萄肿(PS),占100.0%;玻璃体黄斑牵引条带(VMT)2只眼.占8.3%;黄斑部局限性视网膜浅脱离2只眼,占8.3%;黄斑全层裂孔1只眼,占4.2%.B型超声检查结果 显示,所有患眼均伴有PS,占100.0%;黄斑部局限性视网膜浅脱离7只眼,占29.2%,脱离的视网膜与PS锥顶形成弓样结构;VMT条带2只眼,占8.3%.OCT检查结果 显示,黄斑部外层视网膜劈裂(ORS)22只眼,占91.7%,其中合并黄斑部内层视网膜劈裂(IRS)8只眼,占黄斑部ORS的36.4%.MRDH 5只眼,占20.8%,其中合并ORS 3只眼,占MRDH的60.0%;单纯性MRDH 2只眼,占MRDH的40.0%,其中合并VMT 1只眼.VMT 13只眼,占54.2%;黄斑囊样水肿(CME)3只眼,占12.5%;黄斑板层裂孔4只眼,占16.7%.结论 MRS和MRDH是伴有PS的高度近视眼的常见并发症.与常规眼底检查和B型超声相比,OCT是发现MRS和MRDH的更为有效的检查手段.     

视网膜静脉阻塞黄斑水肿的光相干断层扫描观察

目的 观察视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)黄斑水肿的光相干断层扫描(OCT)图像特征以及与临床的关联,探讨新型频域OCT在RVO患者黄斑水肿形态和定量分析中的临床价值.方法 回顾分析临床确诊的RVO患者91例92只眼的OCT检查资料.其中,视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)35例35只眼;视网膜分支静脉阻塞(BRVO)56例57只眼.所有患者接受最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、直接或间接检眼镜、裂隙灯显微镜加前置镜检查.其中60例60只眼还接受了荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)检查.5线扫描(5 Line Raster)模式下通过中心凹的水平+垂直两条扫描线的分析,对黄斑水肿类型和累及层次以及视网膜外层的细微结构进行观察,用软件自带cliaper功能模块手工测量黄斑中心凹厚度(FT)、浆液性视网膜脱离高度、中心凹囊腔的高度和宽度、中心凹囊腔下光感受器层厚度.在立方体(Cube)扫描模式下,采用软件自带的功能模块对黄斑中心厚度(CFT)、黄斑中心凹体积(V)、平均厚度(AT)进行测量.回顾分析时,重点分析黄斑水肿类型、OCT图像特征以及不同黄斑水肿类型与视力的相互关系.结果 RVO患者黄斑水肿表现为弥漫性水肿、囊样水肿、浆液性视网膜脱离、混合性水肿等多种形态.其中,弥漫性水肿表现为视网膜组织增厚,结构疏松,反射轻度降低;囊样水肿表现为视网膜神经上皮层内有单个或多个低反射囊泡,其间又可见组织柱分隔;浆液性视网膜脱离表现为视网膜神经上皮与色素上皮分离,其间有低反射液性空腔;混合性水肿表现为以上几种水肿形式的混合.92只眼中,弥漫性水肿12例12只眼,占13.0%;囊样水肿21例21只眼,占22.8%;浆液性视网膜脱离37例37只眼,占40.2%;混合性水肿58例59只眼,占64.1%.水肿位于外网状层/外核层91例92只眼.占100.0%;位于内核层67例68只眼,占74.2%;位于神经节细胞层23只眼,占25.0%.光感受器内外节连接(r=3.778 6,P=0.000)、外界膜完整性(r=4.462 2,P=0.000)和FT(r=-0.451 3,P=0.000)与其BCVA有相关性;而CFT(r=0.269 7,P=0.121)、V(r=0.052 8,P=0.054)和AT(r=0.060 8,P=0.075)与视力无相关性.结论 RVO所导致的黄斑水肿其形态和层次可表现为多种不同的类型,频域OCT可以对这些改变进行有效观察,其中有些改变与视力密切相关;定量分析在RVO黄斑水肿患者中的价值有待进一步确定.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the images characteristics of optic coherence tomography (OCT) on macular edema in retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and to explore the application value of Fourier-domain (FD)OCT in RVO macular edema. Methods The clinical data of 91 RVO patients (92 eyes) were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received examinations of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), direct or indirect ophthalmoscope, slit lamp ophthalmoscope, and 60 patients (60 eyes)also underwent fundus fluorescein angiography. There were 35 patients (35 eyes) with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and 56 patients (57 eyes) with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). The type and involved layer of macular edema, and subtle structure changes of the outer retina were observed through the horizontal and vertical scanning lines through the foveal under the model of 5 Line Raster. The foveal thickness (FT), height of serous retinal detachment, width and height of foveal cystoid spaces and thickness of foveal photoreceptor layer were measure manually. The central fovea thickness (CFT), volume (V) and average thickness (AT) were collected from the OCT readings. Further analysis was focused on different type of the edema, characteristics of OCT images and the relationship between the different type of the edema and vision. Results The manifestation of macular edema was variable by OCT scanning, and can be categorized into diffuse edema (sponge-like thickening of the retina with reduced reflectivity) 12 patients ( 12 eyes, 13.0% ), cystoid edema (multi-cyst-like space in the neuro-retina separated by tissue column) 21 patients (21 eyes, 22.8%) and serous retinal detachment (separation of neuro-retina and retinal pigment epithelium by space with low reflectivity) 37 patients (37 eyes, 40. 2%) and mixed edema(mix of the above several edema form) 58 patients (59 eyes, 64.1 %). The edema can happen at different layers of the neuro-retina, including outer nuclear layer/outer plexiform layer (ONL/OPL) in 92 patients (92 eyes, 100. 0%), inner nuclear layer (INL) in 68 patients (68 eyes, 74.2%) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) in 23 patients (23 eyes, 25.0%).Statistic analysis revealed that BCVA was related to the integrity of IS/OS (r=3. 778 6, P=0. 000), ELM (r=4.462 2, P= 0. 000 ) and FT (r=-0.4513, P=0. 000 ), but not related to CFT (r=0.269 7, P=0.121), V(r=0.0528, P= 0. 054 ) and AT (r=0.0608, P=0.075). Conclusion he manifestation of macular edema associated with RVO is variable. FD-OCT can demonstrate its fine details, and some changes are related to visual acuity. Therefore, the value of quantitative analysis in these patients needs further confirmation.     

光学相干断层扫描图像对视网膜劈裂症诊断意义

目的 探讨光学相干断层扫描图像（OCT）对视网膜劈裂症（R.S)诊断价值。方法：对临床诊为视网膜劈裂症患者5例（9眼）行OCT，直接检眼镜，眼底彩色照相及多焦ERG检查。结果：视网膜劈裂症的OCT图像表现为典型的黄斑区囊样改变，伴斜形成垂直的桥状组织相连；后极部视网膜视经上皮层之间分离，其间有桥状组织相连。结论：OCT显示视网膜劈裂症具有高度特异性。清晰地显示视网膜神经上皮层间分离。是一种新的客观检测方法。     

高度近视黄斑劈裂视网膜内界膜剥离手术联合全氟丙烷眼内填充疗效评价

目的 客观评价视网膜内界膜(ILM)剥离手术联合全氟丙烷(C3F8)眼内填充治疗高度近视黄斑劈裂的临床疗效.方法 随机选取高度近视黄斑劈裂患者31例33只眼,手术前屈光度-9.5～-21.0 D,平均屈光度(-13.1±-3.6)D,眼轴26～32 mm,平均眼轴长度(28.3±2.1)mm,均伴有黄斑部的巩膜葡萄肿而不伴有视网膜脱离.手术治疗采用常规20G玻璃体切割手术联合ILM剥离和10%C3F8眼内填充,手术中采用曲安奈德(TA)标记ILM.手术后1、2、3、4、8个月复查,对比观察手术前后最佳矫正中心视力和黄斑部的结构变化.结果 手术后1个月开始,黄斑部视网膜劈裂即已显著改善,最佳矫正中心视力获得相应提高,随时间的延长,黄斑部结构无明显变化.手术前及手术后1、2、3、4、8个月黄斑中心凹厚度分别为(327.6±51.7)、(165.2±22.6)、(159.3±28.7)、(167.7±17.1)、(142.7±13.8)、(169.1±19.6)μm.与手术前相比,手术后1～8个月黄斑中心凹的厚度均较手术前显著下降(t=9.21,9.23,9.21,10.67,9.21;P<0.05),手术后各时间段之间比较,黄斑中心凹厚度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),手术后4个月至随访末期,黄斑部劈裂复发3只眼,占9.1%.结论视网膜ILM剥离手术联合C3F8眼内填充可有效治疗高度近视黄斑劈裂;手术后远期劈裂的复发是影响预后的主要因素.     

高度近视眼后极部视网膜厚度的光学相干断层成像测量

目的 应用光学相干断层成像(OCT)技术探讨高度近视眼黄斑区及视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)的厚度变化 方法 前瞻性病例对照研究随机选取2011年3月至2011年8月在金华市中心医院眼科就诊并行OCT检查的高度近视患者33例(33眼)和正常对照者35例(35眼),分别测量其黄斑中心凹和距中心凹750μm处的四q个方向上的RNFL厚度,并测量视盘周围12个钟点方向上的RNFL厚度,比较两组之间有无显著性差异.两组间的比较采用独立样本t检验 结果 高度近视眼组黄斑区各方向RNFL.厚度均明显小于正常对照组(t=3.08,P＜0.01),而视盘周围RNFL厚度较正常对照组有变薄趋势,但差异无统计学意义 结论 高度近视眼黄斑区RNFL厚度明显低于正常眼视盘周围的RNFL厚度有变薄的趋势,因此在对合并高度近视的青光眼眼患者进行视盘周围RNFL厚度评价时,需持谨慎的态度,0CT能够精确量化RNFL厚度,可重复性好.     

高度近视眼黄斑劈裂的OCT影像特征

Objective To improve our understanding of the morphological characteristics of macular retinoschisis in highly myopic eyes by optical coherence tomography and to discuss the probably associated factors of it. Methods In the retrospective study, 268 patients(369 eyes)with high myopia(spherical equivalent 3≥-6.00D)were included, from which a diagnosis of retinoschisis was given by optical coherence tomography, and observed the area and morphological characteristics of the retinoschisis. The factors that were associated with the occurrence and the development of the retinoschisis were investigated. Results OCT showed that 68 patients(93 eyes)had retinoschisis. Outer schisis was present in 78 eyes, mixed schisis in 14 eyes and inner schisis in 1 eye. The retinoschisis in 2 eyes located far from the macular area, and the other 91 eyes located in the macular area, which were involved into one to four quadrants, in which foveoschisis were present in 53 eyes, and parafoveoschisis in 38 eyes. There were several kinds of types in foveoschisis, companied with other pathological changes, such as vitreoretinal traction, preretinal membrane, foveal detachment and lamellar holes.We proceeded the comparison of the axial length, spherical equivalent, posterior staphyloma, vitreoretinal interface factors and posterior polar chorioretinal atrophy in retinoschisis and non-retinoschisis in highly myopic eyes, finding that all the differences were significant(P <0.01), but Logistic regression showed that all the factors above were the risk factors associated with the retinoschisis(P =0.002, 0.027, 0.003, 0.011)except the spherical equivalent(P =0.073). Conclusions OCT can display the area and morphological characteristics of retinoschisis clearly, the retinoschisis is mostly present in the fovea, which is usually involved into the whole macular area, and the outer schisis is common. The occurrence and development of the retinoschisis is associated with the axial length, posterior staphyloma, vitreoretinal interface factors and posterior polar chorioretinal atrophy.     

高度近视眼黄斑部不同区域神经上皮厚度的定量测定及其意义

目的研究高度近视眼黄斑部不同区域的神经上皮层厚度的变化,并分析其与屈光度之间的相关性。方法选取高度近视眼患者78例,按屈光度不同分为A(-6.0~-9.0 D)、B(-9.1~-15.0 D)、C(>-15.0 D)三组。采用Huphery-3000光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomogra-phy,OCT)测量黄斑部9个不同分区的视网膜神经上皮层厚度,比较它们之间的差别,并分析各区域神经上皮层厚度与屈光度之间的相关性。结果C组A2~A6区视网膜神经上皮厚度分别为(244.31±24.46)mm、(224.73±27.45)mm、(236.08±27.71)mm、(236.15±34.10)mm与(219.88±20.42)mm,与A、B组比较差别有显著性(P<0.001),其余各区组间差别不明显;A2~A6区视网膜神经上皮厚度与近视屈光度明显相关,r分别为0.387、0.462、0.315、0.403、0.326,经统计学检验发现,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论高度近视眼黄斑部神经上皮损害随近视屈光度不断增高而呈区域选择性萎缩变薄,OCT将为追踪观察此种损害提供理想方法。     

高度近视眼黄斑劈裂的OCT影像特征

目的 观察高度近视眼黄斑劈裂的OCT形态学特征,分析其发生的相关危险因素.方法 回顾性分析268例(369只眼)屈光度≥-6.00D的高度近视眼患者继发视网膜劈裂的OCT表现以及与眼轴长度、屈光度、后巩膜葡萄肿、后极部脉络膜视网膜萎缩变性等因素的相互关系.结果 OCT显示68例(93只眼)存在视网膜劈裂;其中78只眼为外层劈裂,14只眼为混合性劈裂,1眼为内层劈裂.所有存在劈裂眼中,2只眼劈裂远离黄斑区,91只眼位于黄斑区,累及一至四个象限不等,其中53只眼为中央凹劈裂,38只眼为旁中央凹劈裂,中央凹劈裂的形态多样,并伴有视网膜前膜或玻璃体牵引、局限性视网膜脱离、黄斑板层裂孔等改变.所有高度近视眼患者中,视网膜劈裂眼与未发生视网膜劈裂眼的眼轴长度、屈光度、后巩膜葡萄肿、玻璃体牵引或视网膜前膜以及后极部脉络膜视网膜萎缩变性比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01),Logistic回归结果示:超长眼轴(≥29mm)是视网膜劈裂发生的危险因素,屈光度并不是其发生的危险因素,后巩膜葡萄肿、玻璃体牵引或视网膜前膜以及后极部脉络膜视网膜萎缩变性均是其发生的危险因素(P=0.002,0.073,0.027,0.003,0.011).结论 OCT能明确视网膜劈裂发生的部位,清晰地显示视网膜劈裂的形态特征,视网膜劈裂多发生在黄斑中央凹.可累及整个黄斑区,以外层劈裂多见.视网膜劈裂的发生与超长眼轴、后巩膜葡萄肿、玻璃体视网膜牵引以及后极部脉络膜视网膜萎缩变性等因素有关.

Abstract：

Objective To improve our understanding of the morphological characteristics of macular retinoschisis in highly myopic eyes by optical coherence tomography and to discuss the probably associated factors of it. Methods In the retrospective study, 268 patients(369 eyes)with high myopia(spherical equivalent 3≥-6.00D)were included, from which a diagnosis of retinoschisis was given by optical coherence tomography, and observed the area and morphological characteristics of the retinoschisis. The factors that were associated with the occurrence and the development of the retinoschisis were investigated. Results OCT showed that 68 patients(93 eyes)had retinoschisis. Outer schisis was present in 78 eyes, mixed schisis in 14 eyes and inner schisis in 1 eye. The retinoschisis in 2 eyes located far from the macular area, and the other 91 eyes located in the macular area, which were involved into one to four quadrants, in which foveoschisis were present in 53 eyes, and parafoveoschisis in 38 eyes. There were several kinds of types in foveoschisis, companied with other pathological changes, such as vitreoretinal traction, preretinal membrane, foveal detachment and lamellar holes.We proceeded the comparison of the axial length, spherical equivalent, posterior staphyloma, vitreoretinal interface factors and posterior polar chorioretinal atrophy in retinoschisis and non-retinoschisis in highly myopic eyes, finding that all the differences were significant(P <0.01), but Logistic regression showed that all the factors above were the risk factors associated with the retinoschisis(P =0.002, 0.027, 0.003, 0.011)except the spherical equivalent(P =0.073). Conclusions OCT can display the area and morphological characteristics of retinoschisis clearly, the retinoschisis is mostly present in the fovea, which is usually involved into the whole macular area, and the outer schisis is common. The occurrence and development of the retinoschisis is associated with the axial length, posterior staphyloma, vitreoretinal interface factors and posterior polar chorioretinal atrophy.