Comparison of Laparoscopic,Hand-Assisted,and Open Surgical Nephroureterectomy

Background and Objectives:

The aim of this study was to compare oncologic outcomes after laparoscopic nephroureterectomy, hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy, and open nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial cancer.

Methods:

Between April 1995 and August 2010, 189 patients underwent laparoscopic nephroureterectomy, hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy, or open nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial cancer. Of these patients, 110 with no previous or concurrent bladder cancer or any metastatic disease were included in this study. Cancer-specific survival, recurrence-free survival, and intravesical recurrence-free survival rates were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. The median follow-up period for the cohort was 70 months (range, 6–192 months).

Results:

The 3 groups were well matched for tumor stage, grade, and the presence of lymphovascular invasion and concomitant carcinoma in situ. The estimated 5-year cancer-specific survival rates were 81.1%, 65.6%, and 65.2% for laparoscopic nephroureterectomy, hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy, and open nephroureterectomy, respectively (P = .4179). The estimated 5-year recurrence-free survival rates were 33.8%, 10.0%, and 41.2% for laparoscopic nephroureterectomy, hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy, and open nephroureterectomy, respectively (P = .0245). The estimated 5-year intravesical recurrence-free survival rates were 64.8%, 10.0%, and 76.2% for laparoscopic nephroureterectomy, hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy, and open nephroureterectomy, respectively (P < .0001).

Conclusion:

Although there was no significant difference in cancer-specific survival rate among the laparoscopic nephroureterectomy, hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy, and open nephroureterectomy groups, hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy may be inferior to laparoscopic nephroureterectomy or open nephroureterectomy with regard to recurrence-free survival and intravesical recurrence-free survival rates.     

Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Ureterolysis: Case Report and Literature Review of the Minimally Invasive Surgical Approach

Objectives:

To evaluate our case of robot-assisted ureterolysis (RU), describe our surgical technique, and review the literature on minimally invasive ureterolysis.

Methods:

One patient managed with robot-assisted ureterolysis for idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis was identified. The chart was analyzed for demographics, operative parameters, and immediate postoperative outcome. The surgical technique was assessed and modified. Lastly, a review of the published literature on ureterolysis managed with minimally invasive surgery was performed.

Results:

One patient underwent robot-assisted ureterolysis at our institution in 2 separate settings. Operative time (OR) decreased from 279 minutes to 191 minutes. Estimated blood loss (EBL) was less than 50mL. The patient has been free of symptoms and both renal units are unobstructed. According to the published literature, 302 renal units underwent successful laparoscopic ureterolysis (LU), and 6 renal units underwent RU. There were 9 open conversions (all in LU). Mean OR in LU was 248 minutes for unilateral and 386 minutes for bilateral cases. In RU, mean OR was 220 minutes for unilateral and 390 minutes for bilateral cases. EBL averaged 200mL in LU and 30 mL in RU.

Conclusions:

Our data reveal that robot-assisted ureterolysis is safe and feasible. Published data demonstrate the advantages of minimally invasive surgery.     

后腹腔镜输尿管手术的改良应用

目的：探讨改良后腹腔镜输尿管手术的技术方法以及在治疗输尿管疾病中的应用价值和效果。方法：回顾性分析2006年3月～2008年12月间应用改良后腹腔镜输尿管手术治疗的47例输尿管结石、腔静脉后输尿管、UPJ连接处梗阻、输尿管狭窄患者的临床资料。结果：47例手术均取得成功,平均手术时间96min,术中出血20ml,无手术相关并发症,无中转开放手术者。其中38例患者平均随访15个月,复查B超或IVU提示患侧输尿管通畅,同侧肾积水明显减轻,无吻合口狭窄、尿瘘、感染等并发症。结论：改良后腹腔镜输尿管手术简单易行,显著减少手术时间,效果确切,值得临床推广。     

A Comparison of Laparoscopic and Open Appendectomy

Background and Objectives:

To compare laparoscopic appendectomy with traditional open appendectomy.

Methods:

Seventy-one patients requiring operative intervention for suspected acute appendicitis were prospectively compared. Thirty-seven patients underwent laparoscopic appendectomy, and 34 had open appendectomy through a right lower quadrant incision. Length of surgery, postoperative morbidity and length of postoperative stay (LOS) were recorded. Both groups were similar with regard to age, gender, height, weight, fever, leukocytosis, and incidence of normal vs. gangrenous or perforated appendix.

Results:

Mean LOS was significantly shorter for patients with acute suppurative appendicitis who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy (2.5 days vs. 4.0 days, p<0.01). Mean LOS was no different when patients classified as having gangrenous or perforated appendicitis were included in the analysis (3.7 days vs. 4.1 days, P=0.11). The laparoscopy group had significantly longer surgery times (72 min vs. 58 min, p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative morbidity.

Conclusions:

Laparoscopic appendectomy reduces LOS as compared with the traditional open technique in patients with acute suppurative appendicitis. The longer operative time for the laparoscopic approach in our study is likely related to the learning curve associated with the procedure and did not increase morbidity.     

Laparoscopic Appendectomy for Complicated Appendicitis: A Comparison with Open Appendectomy

Background  Although laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) is widely performed in many countries, LA for complicated appendicitis, which includes perforated or gangrenous appendicitis with or without localized or disseminated peritonitis, has not become a common practice yet. Methods  We retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of 230 patients who had undergone appendectomy for complicated appendicitis: 141 had undergone LA, 84 had conventional open appendectomy (OA), and 5 patients had conversion to the open procedure after laparoscopy. The LA group (total LA) was subdivided into “early experience (early LA: cases 1–56)” and “late experience (late LA: case 57 and higher).” We defined the early LA group as the comparison group to minimize selection bias. Results  Patient demographics were similar in the early LA and OA groups (P > 0.05). Wound infection was significantly more frequent in the OA group (P < 0.05). Intra-abdominal infection was equally common in these two groups. The overall rate of postoperative complications was significantly higher in the OA group (32.1%) than in the early LA group (18%; P < 0.05). This incidence was 12.8% in the total LA group. Hospital stay was significantly shorter in the early LA group (10.6 ± 3.9 days; P < 0.05), and 8.9 ± 3.7 days in the total LA group. Conclusions  Our findings indicate that LA is safe and useful even for the treatment of complicated appendicitis if performed by an experienced surgeon.     

医源性输尿管损伤并发上尿路梗阻的外科治疗策略

目的：研究医源性输尿管损伤后并发上尿路梗阻的病理基础。探讨处理医源性输尿管损伤后梗阻的外科治疗策略。方法：回顾性分析自2007年2月～2009年4月,上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院泌尿外科诊治的16例输尿管腔内操作致医源性输尿管损伤并发上尿路梗阻的患者。患者平均年龄49岁。所有患者输尿管损伤后均曾成功留置D-J管4～6周。就诊时平均术后时间9．8个月（3～18个月）。通过磁共振水成像（MRU）评价输尿管梗阻累及部位、梗阻段长度及输尿管瘢痕组织厚度。以STORZF7.9。输尿管镜检查患侧输尿管。对于患侧输尿管管腔通畅者行开放输尿管梗阻段切除术,并对该段输尿管行病理检查。对于输尿管镜证实受累输尿管存在机械性梗阻,狭窄段长度〈2cm的患者行输尿管镜下钬激光输尿管内切开术。所有患者术后留置D-J管6周。术后6个月以静脉尿路造影（IVu）评价手术效果。结果：在4例患者中,STORZF7.9。输尿管硬镜成功进镜至肾盂,未发现患侧输尿管机械性梗阻。予切除瘢痕增生段输尿管,病理检查提示输尿管全层增厚伴慢性炎症,纤维组织增生,平滑肌细胞排列杂乱,但黏膜层尿路上皮完整且无明显增生。另12例患者经输尿管硬镜检查证实机械性梗阻存在,行钬激光输尿管内切开术。术后6个月随访显示,4例行开放手术患者均未出现输尿管再狭窄。12例行输尿管钬激光内切开患者中3例上尿路梗阻复发。行狭窄段切除,6个月后随访见上尿路积水消失。结论：在部分输尿管损伤后上尿路梗阻的患者,其输尿管管腔通畅,动力性梗阻可能占主导地位。对于这些患者外科手术切除输尿管狭窄段可能是最佳选择。输尿管腔内钬激光内切开术适用于狭窄段较短（〈2cm）且不伴严重输尿管增厚的患者,但远期复发率较高。尿外渗是加重输尿管损伤后纤维瘢痕形成的重要因素,在合并严重尿外渗的患者中,经皮肾穿刺（PCN）引流可能减轻局部纤维瘢痕反应,改善患者预后。     

开放与腹腔镜无张力疝修补术治疗老年腹股沟疝的对比研究

目的比较开放和腹腔镜完全腹膜外无张力疝修补治疗老年腹股沟疝的疗效。方法 2006年1月～2010年1月136例老年腹股沟疝行开腹无张力填充式腹股沟疝修补术（开放组,n=72）或腹腔镜完全腹膜外腹股沟疝修补术（totally extraperitoneal hernioplasty,TEP）（TEP组,n=64）,比较2种术式疗效。结果开放组手术时间（65.3±18.1）min,明显短于TEP组（78.1±12.6）min（t=4.742,P=0.000）。开放组住院费用（4960.2±1033.3）元,明显低于TEP组（6998.0±1632.2）元（t=8.796,P=0.000）。开放组术后24 h和1周疼痛评分明显高于TEP组（Z=-7.144,P=0.000;Z=-6.408,P=0.000）;术后住院时间（4.9±2.4）d明显长于TEP组（3.6±1.5）d（t=-3.733,P=0.000）。136例无严重并发症。开放组72例随访8～46个月,平均15个月,其中〉24个月11例;TEP组64例随访4～35个月,平均14个月,其中〉24个月9例,2组均无术后复发。结论 2种术式治疗老年腹股沟疝是安全有效的。TEP疼痛轻,恢复快,应首选,尤其适用于双侧腹股沟疝修补;开放无张力疝修补术费用低,易开展,非常适用于合并有心肺疾病无法耐受全麻或CO2气腹的老年患者。     

Laparoscopic Versus Open Pyeloplasty: Comparison of Two Surgical Approaches- A Single Centre Experience of Three Years

UPJO causes hydronephrosis and progressive renal impairment may ensue if left uncorrected. Open pyeloplasty remains the standard against which new technique must be compared. We analyzed the comparison of Laparoscopic and open pyeloplasty in a randomized prospective trial. A prospective randomized study was done from January 2004 to January 2007 in which a total of 28 Laparoscopic and 34 open pyeloplasty were done. All laparoscopic pyeloplasties were performed transperitoneally. Standard open Anderson Hynes pyeloplasty, spiral flap or VY plasty was done depending on anatomic consideration. Patients were followed with DTPA scan at 3 months and IVP at 6 months. Perioperative parameters including operative time, analgesic use, hospital stay, and complication and success rates were compared. Mean total operative time with stent placement in LP group was 244.2 min (188–300 min) compared to 122 min (100–140 min) in open group. Compared to open pyeloplasty the post operative diclofenac requirement was significantly less in LP group (mean107.14 mg) and open group required mean of (682.35 mg) The duration of analgesic requirement was also significantly less in LP group. The post operative hospital stay in LP was mean 8.29 days (7–11) and was significantly less than open group (mean 3.14 Days (2–7 days). Open pyeloplasty has been the gold standard for UPJO repair and achieves success rates exceeding 90%. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty provides a minimally invasive alternative to repair UPJO and has developed world wide as the first minimally option to match success rate of open pyeloplasty. Its potential advantages including less post op pain, shorter hospital stay an improved cosmesis has been proved in some comparative series. The only disadvantage seems to be longer operative time. LP has a minimal level of morbidity and short hospital stay compared to open approach Although Laparoscopic pyeloplasty has the disadvantages of longer operative time and requires significant skill of intracorporeal knotting but it is here to stay and represents an emerging standard of care.     

腹腔镜和开放手术精索静脉高位结扎术的疗效分析

目的:评价腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎和开放手术治疗精索静脉曲张的疗效。方法:回顾性分析85例腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎(腹腔镜组)和47例开放手术(开放手术组)治疗精索静脉曲张的临床资料。结果:腹腔镜组术中损伤小、术后恢复快,手术时间(32.0±5.9)min,基本无出血,术后住院(3.0±1.6)d,随访3～12个月,3例复发,复发率为3.5%。开放手术组手术时间(46.0±7.2)min,术后住院(7.0±3.7)d,随访3～12个月,5例复发,复发率为10.6%。手术时间和术后住院时间腹腔镜组显著低于开放手术组(P<0.05,和P<0.01)结论:腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张具有创伤小、恢复快、效果好、并发症少等优点。     

Voiding Efficiency After Ureteral Reimplantation: A Comparison of Extravesical and Intravesical Techniques

The purpose of our study was to examine postoperative changes and recovery in voiding efficiency after intravesical and extravesical ureteral reimplantation. Retrospective review was performed of 188 cases. Inclusion criteria were the presence of primary vesicoureteral reflux and the absence of previous lower urinary tract surgery. Voiding efficiency after ureteral reimplantation was assessed based on post-void residual volume measurements. It was found that postoperative voiding efficiency of patients in the extravesical unilateral group was similar to that in the intravesical group, while the extravesical bilateral group had a statistically significantly higher proportion of patients with transient voiding inefficiency. A statistically higher proportion of those in the extravesical bilateral group also required some form of urinary catheter drainage for a longer period. However, on more prolonged followup all evaluable patients in the 3 groups fully regained voiding efficiency.     

开放手术与后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的临床效果比较

目的：通过与开放性。肾盂成形术的临床效果比较,评价后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术的临床价值。方法：回顾性分析后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术64例（A组）及开放性肾盂成形术48例（B组）的临床资料,就两组患者一般资料、手术时间、术中出血量、术后肠道功能恢复时间、术后止痛药用量、术后住院天数、术后并发症及术后肾积水复发率等指标进行比较。根据数据类型选用x^2检验、两样本t检验或Wilcoxon秩和检验,P〈0．05差异有统计学意义。结果：两组患者的一般资料相似,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,具有可比性。后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术在手术时间、术中出血量、术后肠道功能恢复时间、术后止痛药用量、术后住院天数、术后并发症等方面优于开放性肾盂成形术,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,而术后肾积水复发率方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：后腹腔镜离断式肾盂成形术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻疗效肯定,与传统的开放性手术相比,创伤小、恢复快、术后近期疗效相当,是目前治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻较理想的手术方法,值得进一步推广。     

Surgical Treatment of Rhinophyma: A Comparison of Techniques

Rhinophyma is a rare disease that primarily affects Caucasian men in the fifth to seventh decades of life, characterized by a progressive thickening of nasal skin, which produces a disfiguring soft-tissue hypertrophy of the nose. Severe cosmetic deformity and impairment of breathing may coexist, making the surgical treatment necessary. The authors are conscious that in literature there is not agreement about the ideal treatment of rhinophyma, nevertheless they wish to give their contribution according to their experience with different treatment modalities such as the scalpel, the electrocautery, the dermabrader, and the carbon dioxide laser. The authors believe the scalpel, in association with bipolar electrocautery and local infiltration of dilute epinephrine to reduce bleeding, is the safest means to preserve the underlying sebaceous gland fundi and permit a spontaneous re-epithelialization scarring-free.