水蒸气蒸馏法与微波辅助萃取法提取菱角挥发油的比较研究

目的 比较不同方法提取菱角挥发油的效果,为菱角挥发油化学成分分析、药材道地性研究提供参考依据.方法 采用水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)、微波辅助萃取法(ME)提取菱角挥发油, 然后用气相色谱--质谱联合分析法(GC - MS)对提取物的化学成分进行分析.结果 水蒸气蒸馏法提取物中分离、鉴定出了23个组分,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯相对含量是13.47%;微波辅助萃取法提取物中分离、鉴定出10个组分,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯相对含量是57.98%.结论 不同提取法得到的挥发油在成分及相对含量上有明显差别;微波辅助萃取法更适合于邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的提取.     

肿节风不同提取方法的比较研究

目的:对肿节风的不同提取方法进行比较研究.方法:采用冷浸提取、渗漉提取、回流提取、连续回流提取、超声提取、微波萃取六种不同的方法进行提取,并对提取物的收率进行比较,同时以富马酸含量为考察指标进行含量测定.结果:采用六种不同的提取方法提取所得提取物的收率及有效成分的含量有较大的差异,其中回流提取及连续回流提取所得提取物的收率相对较高,而超声提取及微波萃取所得提取物中有效成分的含量相对较高.结论:与其它方法相比,微波提取法具有提取快速,节省时间、溶剂和能源,所提取的有效成分含量较高等优点.     

微波辅助提取麦冬黄酮的工艺研究

目的:研究微波辅助法提取麦冬黄酮的工艺条件。方法:采用单因素试验,探讨料液比、微波处理时间、微波强度以及乙醇体积分数对麦冬黄酮提取量的影响,并与传统回流法进行比较。结果:微波提取优化工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数为90%,料液比为1:14(g/ml),微波功率为中档,微波提取时间4min。微波处理后再进行回流提取较不经微波处理得到提取物的黄酮含量高出39.7%。结论:微波辅助法是一种提取麦冬黄酮的有效方法。     

野葛与粉葛总黄酮提取方法的比较△

目的:野葛与粉葛总黄酮提取方法的比较。方法:分别采用传统回流提取法、超声提取法、微波辅助提取法对中药野葛和粉葛中总黄酮进行提取;以葛根素为对照品,采用紫外分光光度法测定提取物中总黄酮的含量;以总黄酮的含量为考察指标,优选出适宜的提取方法。结果:3种提取方法中,野葛超声提取法总黄酮含量最高,粉葛微波辅助提取法总黄酮含量最高,但回流提取法和超声提取法提取野葛与粉葛总黄酮时没有显著性差异。结论:提取野葛与粉葛黄酮时应采用不同的提取方法。     

微波提取白附子美白成分的工艺研究

以提取物对酪氨酸酶的相对抑制率为评价标准,进行了白附子美白成分的微波辅助提取工艺研究.得到了最佳微波提取工艺条件:以水为提取剂,水与白附子的质量比为10: 1,微波450 W提取2次,每次提取7 min.提取物(干基)产率为20.9%,对酪氨酸酶的相对抑制率为47.1%.与直接加热提取法进行了比较,结果表明,微波辅助提取能缩短提取时间,并能提高提取物对酪氨酸酶的相对抑制率.     

不同提取方式对舒胸片方化学成分及其药理活性的影响研究

目的 研究微波辅助提取与传统提取对舒胸片方中有效成分、指纹图谱及药效等多个指标的影响,比较两种提取方式对提取舒胸片方的差异,确定微波技术在舒胸片方提取方面的可行性.方法 采用高效液相色谱法,对舒胸片方微波辅助及传统法水提取物进行含量、指纹图谱研究,结合大鼠急性血淤模型,以全血黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞聚集指数、纤维蛋白原含量等为指标,考察不同提取方式的舒胸片方对急性血淤模型大鼠血液流变学、凝血时间的影响.结果 微波辅助提取对舒胸片方中的有效成分(阿魏酸、羟基红花黄色素A)含量高于传统法;两种提取方式的指纹峰成分含量略有差异;微波提取组降低全血黏度、红细胞聚集指数及全血低切相对指数较传统提取组明显.结论 微波辅助提取舒胸片方优于传统提取工艺.     

野葛与粉葛总黄酮提取方法的比较

目的：野葛与粉葛总黄酮提取方法的比较。方法：分别采用传统回流提取法、超声提取法、微波辅助提取法对中药野葛和粉葛中总黄酮进行提取;以葛根素为对照品,采用紫外分光光度法测定提取物中总黄酮的含量;以总黄酮的含量为考察指标,优选出适宜的提取方法。结果：3种提取方法中,野葛超声提取法总黄酮含量最高,粉葛微波辅助提取法总黄酮含量最高,但回流提取法和超声提取法提取野葛与粉葛总黄酮时没有显著性差异。结论：提取野葛与粉葛黄酮时应采用不同的提取方法。     

不同方法提取北沙参挥发油的GC-MS分析

目的:研究北沙参不同提取方法挥发油化学成分并进行比较。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)和超临界CO2萃取法(SFE-CO2)提取北沙参挥发油,运用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)方法对挥发油进行分析,用面积归一法分别计算各成分的相对含量。结果:从水蒸气蒸馏法提取物鉴定了3种成分,从SFE-CO2提取物中鉴定了5种成分。结论:两种方法所提取的挥发油在外观,化学成分及含量等方面均存在一定差异。用SFE-CO2法提取的挥发油得率高、提取时间短,是北沙参挥发油提取的理想方法。     

微波辅助半仿生法提取藤茶的工艺优选

目的:优选中药藤茶的微波辅助半仿生法提取工艺.方法:以蛇葡萄素为评价指标,HPLC测定指标成分含量,采用均匀设计法优选藤茶提取工艺参数.结果:最佳提取工艺为3次提取用水pH分别为6.0,7.5,9.0,微波处理时间依次为3,1.5,1.5 min.结论:微波辅助半仿生提取法可有效、快捷地提取藤茶中有效成分.     

不同产地生姜挥发油化学成分的GC-MS研究

目的:分析山东和广西两产地生姜挥发油的化学成分。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法从生姜中提取挥发油,用GC-MS分析两产地生姜中挥发油化学成分。结果:广西生姜挥发油分离出122个色谱峰,山东生姜挥发油分离出88个色谱峰,经GC-MS分析,广西产生姜鉴别出63种成分,山东产生姜鉴别出58种成分,占已分离组分总含量的85%以上。两产地生姜挥发油中共有化学成分29个,且共有化学成分的相对百分含量差异较大,其中橙花醇(nerol)的相对百分含量相差近5倍。结论:不同产地生姜挥发油化学成分差异较大。     

Clastogenic effect of ginger rhizome in mice

The present study focuses on the clastogenic effect of ginger rhizome. Crude aqueous extracts of ginger were gavaged at doses of 0. 5, 1, 2, 5, 10 g/kg body weight and ginger oil (0.625, 1.250 and 2. 50 ml/kg body weight) was administered by intraperitoneal injection to male mice. Chromosome damage was studied in a preparation made from bone marrow cells following colchicine injection to all mice and examination of the cells after pretreatment in hypotonic solution, fixation, air drying and staining in Giemsa solution. Attention is drawn to the weakness of the clastogenic activity expressed by the ginger extract. In comparison ginger oil gave a higher frequency of chromosomal aberrations. It is suggested therefore, that the extract may contain substance(s) that suppress clastogenesis in the bone marrow cells of mice.     

Modulating effect of ginger extract on rats with ulcerative colitis

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ginger rhizomes are used traditionally for management of different gastrointestinal disturbances. Several studies proved that the rhizome possesses diverse biological activities such as cytotoxic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Recently, interest in ginger for treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions has been renewed. AIM OF THE STUDY: The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the potential role of ginger extract [GE] in modulating the extent and severity of ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronically recurrent inflammatory bowel disease of unknown origin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Wistar rats received 3 different doses of GE, sulfasalazine, or vehicle for 3 consecutive days before induction of UC by intra-rectal acetic acid administration, and continued further for 7 days after the induction. The colonic mucosal injury was assessed by macroscopic scoring, and histological examination. Furthermore, the mucosal content of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PCO), and reduced glutathione (GSH) with the catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, were appraised as parameters of the redox state. Acute inflammatory response was determined by measuring myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). RESULTS: All parameters were altered in ulcerated rats, and improved in animals receiving GE, an effect that was comparable to that of the standard sulfasalazine, especially at the highest dose level. Colonic mucosal injury parallels with the histological and biochemical evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: Results showed a valuable effect of ginger extract against acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis possibly by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.     

Reversal of cisplatin-induced delay in gastric emptying in rats by ginger (Zingiber officinale)

Cisplatin causes nausea, vomiting and inhibition of gastric emptying. We have demonstrated the antiemetic effect of the acetone and ethanolic extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale, Roscoe, Zingiberacae) against cisplatin-induced emesis in dogs. In the present study, the acetone and 50% ethanolic extract of ginger in the doses of 100, 200 and 500 mg/kg (p.o.) and ginger juice, in the doses of 2 and 4 ml/kg, were investigated against cisplatin effect on gastric emptying in rats. All three ginger preparations significantly reversed cisplatin-induced delay in gastric emptying. The ginger juice and acetone extract were more effective than the 50% ethanolic extract. The reversal produced by the ginger acetone extract was similar to that caused by the 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist ondansetron; however, ginger juice produced better reversal than ondansetron. Therefore, ginger, an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy, may also be useful in improving the gastrointestinal side effects of cancer chemotherapy.     

生姜超临界提取物标准指纹图谱研究

目的：建立生姜超临界提取物的标准指纹图谱。方法：采用HPLC,选用依利特C₁₈色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),以乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长278 nm,柱温25 ℃。结果：精密度、稳定性、重现性各实验图谱的相似度均大于0.9。结论：可以将生姜超临界提取物的指纹图谱检查列入质量控制标准。     

The anti-ulcer effect in rats of ginger constituents

The effects of ginger, a pungent stomachic natural medicine, on HCl/ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats, were examined. The orally administered acetone extract at 1000 mg/kg and zingiberene, the main terpenoid from acetone extract, at 100 mg/kg significantly inhibited gastric lesions by 97.5 and 53.6%, respectively. 6-Gingerol, the pungent principle, at 100 mg/kg significantly inhibited gastric lesions by 54.5%. These results suggest that zingiberene, the terpenoid and 6-gingerol are important constituents in stomachic medications containing ginger.     

吴茱萸、生姜不同配伍和炮制对吴茱萸碱含量的影响

目的:考察吴茱萸不同配伍与炮制方法对吴茱萸碱含量的影响。方法:采用吴茱萸与生姜2:1,3:2,4:3三种不同配伍比例与传统姜制吴茱萸中吴茱萸碱含量作为考察指标,对实验数据进行分析处理。结果:回归方程为:Y吴茱萸碱=9000000x 5403,r=0.9999,吴茱萸不同配伍与炮制方法对吴茱萸碱含量影响差异较大。     

A research on the constituents of ginger in various preparations

The constituents extracted by ether from ginger in different preparations were checked up by GC-MS-DS. The results are as follows: 25 constituents were found in fresh ginger; 22 in dry ginger, of which one had not been found in other forms of ginger; 23 in ginger roasted with sand in a pan, of which two had not been found in other forms of ginger; 23 in ginger charcoal, of which three had not been found in other forms of ginger. A comparison has been made of the content of the constituents in the ginger studied, and the result shows that some of the constituents have changed. All of the essential oil constituents in roasted ginger and ginger charcoal were reported for the first time.     

作炮制辅料用姜汁的HPLC指纹图谱比较

目的:对3种不同制法所得炮制辅料用姜汁进行RP-HPLC指纹图谱的比较研究。方法:Alltech C₁₈色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),乙腈-水梯度洗脱,检测波长280 nm,柱温25℃,流速0.8 mL·min^-1。结果:相同品种不同批次姜汁间的化学成分差别小,榨汁与煮汁间的成分差异显著。3种制法所得姜汁及生姜、干姜中共有成分为色氨酸和6-姜辣素,其中煎煮的姜汁(生姜煎汁、干姜煎汁)中又有6-姜酚出现。结论:利用RP-HPLC指纹图谱分析法可较全面的反映不同制法的姜汁间的差异;生姜榨汁较全面的保留了生姜的指纹特征且各成分含量较高。     

干姜、生姜、炮姜分化的历史沿革与变迁

姜为常用药食两用中药,药用姜主要分为干姜、生姜与炮姜。该文通过梳理历代本草著作,对干姜、生姜和炮姜分化的历史沿革与变迁进行考证。结果表明,历史上干姜、生姜与炮姜在产地、加工方法等方面随着朝代的变迁而逐渐出现分化。干姜始载于《神农本草经》,汉末《名医别录》首次将生姜与干姜分别收录。干姜与生姜在产地上有所区分;汉末至明朝《本草纲目》出版之前,干姜为生姜经过水淹、去皮、晒干等环节加工而成;明朝《本草纲目》发行之后,大多数本草学家支持李时珍的观点,认为"干姜以母姜造之"。汉朝出现了炮姜。清朝《得配本草》将炮姜单独作为一味药列出,指出炮姜为"干姜水净炙黄者"。姜的道地产区随着朝代的变迁而有所变化,但是主要集中在长江流域;现代药用姜的主要道地产区是四川犍为,与历代本草记载一致。从明朝开始,诸多本草学家认为肉厚饱满、色泽白净、质地坚实的干姜品质较好。     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾四级杆飞行时间质谱分析生姜中的姜辣素类化合物

建立高效液相色谱—电喷雾四级杆飞行时间质谱快速分析鉴定生姜中姜辣素类化合物的方法.采用Inertsil ODS-SP色谱柱(4.6 mm × 250 mm,5μm)分析,二元线性梯度洗脱,柱后流出液采用电喷雾四级杆飞行时间质谱正离子模式检测.根据电喷雾四级杆飞行时间质谱给出的母离子及二级碎片离子精确相对分子质量信息,结合相关文献,从生姜中分析鉴定了25种姜辣素,并用对照品对方法进行了验证.本方法快速、准确,可用于生姜中姜辣素类化合物的快速分析.