高分级脑胶质瘤术后精确放疗预后影响因素分析

目的:回顾性分析高分级脑胶质瘤(high grade glioma,HGG)术后精确放疗预后及其影响因素。方法:回顾性分析山西省肿瘤医院放射治疗中心2007-09-2012-03收治的HGG术后患者66例,均行手术治疗,其中肉眼全切36例,次全切除术30例。术后25例行三维适形放疗(three-dimensional conformalradiation therapy,3DCRT),41例行调强放疗(intensity modulated radiation therapy,IMRT)。手术至放射治疗的间隔时间8~201d,中位时间35d。放疗总剂量30~78Gy,中位剂量60Gy。Kaplan-Meier法进行生存率的计算,Log-rank进行单因素分析,用Cox回归行多因素分析。结果:全组1和3年总生存率分别为74.9%和39.4%,中位生存时间为19.93个月。单因素分析显示,放疗前KPS评分(χ2=4.575,P=0.032)、病理分级(χ2=7.201,P=0.007)、手术切除程度(χ2=18.770,P<0.001)、年龄(χ2=5.245,P=0.022)和术前癫痫发作(χ2=18.356,P<0.001)是影响HGG术后放疗生存率的重要因素。多因素分析显示,病理分级(P=0.001)、放疗前KPS评分(P=0.017)、肿瘤切除情况(P<0.001)和术前癫痫发作(P<0.001)是影响HGG术后放疗1和3年生存率的独立因素。结论:病理分级低、放疗前KPS评分≥80、手术全切和术前癫痫症状均影响GCG患者术后精确放疗的预后。     

低分级脑胶质瘤术后放疗生存分析

目的:回顾性分析低分级脑胶质瘤(LGG)术后患者放疗的3年生存率及其影响因素.方法:回顾性分析放射治疗的101例LGG术后患者,其中肉眼全切的患者44例,次全切除的57例,60例患者联合化疗,手术至开始放疗的中位时间为24 d,放疗剂量为40～60 Gy.K-M法进行生存率的计算,Log-rank进行单因素分析,用Cox回归行多因素分析.结果:1、3年生存率分别为91%和70%.单因素分析显示,放疗前KPS评分(P=0.01)、肿瘤大小(P=0.002)、手术切除程度(P<0.000)、放疗总剂量(P=0.008)、年龄(P<0.000)及是否联合化疗(P=0.007)是影响LGG术后放疗3年生存率的重要因素.多因素分析显示,放疗前KPS评分(P=0.034)、手术切除程度(P=0.001)、放疗剂量(P=0.013)、年龄(P<0.000)是影响LGG3术后放疗3年生存率的独立因素.手术切除方式对其3年生存率的影响大于放疗剂量的影响,P<0.05.结论:年龄<40岁、放疗前KPS评分≥70、肉眼全切及放射治疗剂量54～60 Gy是较好的相关影响因素.     

112例脑胶质瘤术后放射治疗的临床预后分析

目的回顾性分析脑胶质瘤患者术后放射治疗的疗效,探讨评价影响放射治疗胶质瘤预后的因素。方法对临床资料完整的112例脑胶质瘤患者进行回顾性分析,其中Ⅰ～Ⅱ级胶质瘤54例,Ⅲ～Ⅳ级58例。手术全切61例,次全切43例,单纯活检8例。术后等待放射治疗的中位时间为27.5 d,放射治疗的中位剂量为56 Gy。采用Cox比例风险模型进行预后的单因素和多因素分析。结果低分级胶质瘤的1,3年生存率分别为88.9%和53.0%;高分级胶质瘤的1,3年生存率分别为68.9%和17.2%。年龄≤40岁、低分级胶质瘤、手术全切肿瘤、放疗前Karnofsky评分≥80分的患者预后较好。结论年龄、病理分级、手术切除程度以及放疗前的功能状况是影响胶质瘤放射治疗预后的独立因素。     

脑胶质瘤放射治疗的预后因素分析

目的评价和分析脑胶质瘤患者放射治疗的预后因素。方法选择接受放射治疗的脑胶质瘤术后患者162例,采用COX模型对预后因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果平均随访时间30个月,复发14例,死亡45例。单因素分析结果显示,病理分级、病理类型、放疗前功能状态、手术切除范围和年龄是影响胶质瘤患者总生存率的因素。多因素分析结果显示病理分级、病理类型、年龄、放疗前功能状态、手术切除范围和放疗技术是影响总生存率的独立预后因素。结论低分级胶质瘤、星形细胞瘤和少突胶质瘤、年龄≤40岁、放疗前Kamofsky评分≥80分和肿瘤全切是预后较好的独立因素。     

脑胶质瘤术后放射治疗疗效及预后75例分析

背景与目的:手术难以真正彻底切除脑胶质瘤,术后放射治疗已成为常规。本文回顾性分析胶质瘤患者术后放射治疗的疗效,探讨影响放射治疗胶质瘤预后的因素。方法:对资料完整的75例胶质瘤患者进行回顾性分析。其中低分级胶质瘤28例,高分级胶质瘤40例,未明确分级的7例。手术全切65例,次全切5例,单纯活检5例。术后接受放射治疗的中位时间为35天,其中16例采用60Coγ射线,59例采用直线加速器光子线和电子线混合线束。Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Cox比例风险模型进行预后的多因素分析。结果:低分级胶质瘤的1、3、5年生存率分别为92.0%、66.9%、61.7%;高分级胶质瘤的1、3、5年生存率分别为76.9%、38.0%、22.4%。年龄<40岁、低分级胶质瘤、手术全切肿瘤、放疗剂量≥60Gy的患者预后较好。结论:年龄、病理分级、手术切除程度、放疗剂量是影响放射治疗胶质瘤预后的重要因素。     

高分级脑胶质瘤术后精确放疗患者的预后影响因素

目的:分析高分级脑胶质瘤术后精确放疗患者预后的危险因素及干预对策。方法:回顾自2009年6月至2013年6月入我院的病理诊断为高分级脑胶质瘤术后精确放疗的患者资料。对患者的一般情况如性别、年龄、手术切除程度、病理分级、化疗、放疗量、KPS评分、术前癫痫发作、总生存期（随访2年）等数据进行分析,评价高分级脑胶质瘤术后精确放疗患者预后的危险因素。结果:在123例患者中,年龄16~86岁,平均发病年龄46.9岁,男性平均发病年龄42.0岁,女性平均发病年龄49.5岁。小于40岁患者68例,大于等于40岁患者55例。从发病到明确诊断平均时间9.8月,中位生存时间19个月,1年生存率69%,2年生存率37.4%。单因素分析显示,年龄、手术切除程度、病理分级、化疗与高分级脑胶质瘤术后精确放疗患者预后显著相关（P＜0.05）,性别、放疗、术前癫痫发作、KPS评分与高分级脑胶质瘤术后精确放疗患者预后无明显相关（P>0.05）。多因素COX回归分析显示,年龄<40岁（RR=1.844,95%CI:1.047~3.249）、肿瘤全切（RR=2.348,95%CI:1.389~3.968）、病理分级3级（RR=2.632,95%CI:1.479~4.684）、同步替莫唑胺化疗（RR=0.557,95%CI:0.329~0.944）能够显著延长患者的总生存时间。结论:年龄、手术切除程度、病理分级、化疗等是高分级脑胶质瘤术后精确放疗患者生存预后的危险因素。年龄<40岁、肿瘤全切、病理分级低、同步化疗患者生存预后较好。     

43例脑胶质瘤术后放疗后疗效观察及预后因素分析

目的对43例脑胶质瘤术后放疗后疗效观察,并对影响其预后的因素进行分析.方法手术切除后经病理证实为脑胶质瘤,其中肉眼全切11例(25.6%).大部分切除19例(44.2%).部分切除13例(30.2%).高能X线照射,肿瘤剂量DT40～60Gy,常规分次照射.数据经随访获得.结果43例总5年生存率为23.3%.其中低分级(Kernohen分级法工、Ⅱ级)胶质瘤的1、3、5年生存率分别为84.0%、58.89%、42.1%.高分级(Kemohen分级Ⅲ、Ⅳ级)胶质瘤的1、3、5年生存率分别为83.3%、29.4%、12.5%.两组3、5年生存率差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论病理分级为影响预后的主要因素,年龄、性别等未见有明显影响.     

复发性脑胶质瘤患者再手术治疗的预后因素分析

目的 探讨复发性脑胶质瘤患者再手术治疗的预后因素。方法 回顾性分析80例行再手术治疗的复发性脑胶质瘤患者临床资料,并对患者进行1年左右的随访,记录其生存情况。结果 80例脑胶质瘤患者再手术后1年生存率为71.25%(57/80),中位生存时间为15个月。与死亡组比较,存活组再手术前KPS评分、病理Ⅰ～Ⅱ级和全切手术者占比均较高(P<0.05),经Cox回归分析发现再手术前KPS评分、病理分级和手术切除范围是复发性脑胶质瘤患者再手术预后的影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线发现,再手术前KPS评分、病理分级和手术切除范围对预测患者再手术预后均具有一定价值,3项联合时预测效能最高。结论 复发性脑胶质瘤患者再手术治疗后的1年生存率受再手术切除范围、术前KPS评分和病理分级的影响,可将其作为预测患者再手术后预后的因子。     

脑转移癌放射治疗疗效及预后因素分析

目的:通过对69例脑转移癌放射治疗的疗效及预后因素分析,了解影响患者预后的因素,以便改进治疗方法.方法:71例接受了放射治疗的脑转移癌患者,可评估病例69例,采用全脑放疗或联合局部缩野放射治疗,根据性别、年龄、KPS评分、原发灶状态、转移灶的数目、RPA分级、放疗剂量以及是否转移等进行统计分析,对不同生存情况进行比较.结果:全组中位生存时间7.1个月.放疗总剂量＞30 Gy组中位生存期(8.2个月)明显高于放疗总剂量≤30 Gy组(2.3个月),χ2=4.403,P=0.036.与预后相关的因素有KPS评分、RPA分级、原发灶状态以及是否转移等.患者预后与性别、年龄和转移灶的数目未见明显相关.结论:全脑放疗联合局部缩野放射治疗可有效缓解脑转移癌患者症状,并延长生存期和提高生活质量.     

原发脊髓胶质瘤放射治疗疗效及预后因素的分析

目的研究脊髓胶质瘤术后放疗的疗效以及影响预后的因素.方法回顾性分析本科原发性脊髓胶质瘤术后放疗29例,统计患者治疗的有效率、生存率以及各因素对生存率的影响.结果患者的近期有效率、5年生存率及无瘤生存率分别为82.1%、60.7%和57.1%;Cox模型多因素分析得出病理分级与预后显著相关,低分级的室管膜瘤和星形细胞瘤预后明显好于间变性室管膜瘤和恶性星形细胞瘤,胶质母细胞瘤的预后最差;放射剂量≥52 Gy的患者预后好于剂量＜52 Gy的;而年龄、性别、部位、手术和放疗的间隔时间、手术方式均与预后无关.结论手术无法切除的脊髓胶质瘤患者经术后放射治疗能缓解症状并达到满意的疗效,病理分级与放疗剂量是影响患者预后的重要因素.     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.     

Varicella-Zoster Virus Prophylaxis with Low-Dose Acyclovir in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is a common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with bortezomib, with an incidence rate of 10%-60%. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of acyclovir prophylaxis in this patient population.Patients and MethodsWe studied 98 consecutive patients with relapsed MM treated with bortezomib. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m² was given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. At first, patients did not receive any VZV prophylaxis, but because of the high incidence of VZV reactivation, VZV prophylaxis with acyclovir was implemented subsequently.ResultsA total of 11 patients treated with bortezomib did not have any VZV prophylaxis, and 4 of these 11 patients (36%) developed VZV reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. No VZV reactivations were observed in the 32 patients who received acyclovir 400 mg 3 times daily or the 55 patients who received acyclovir in a dose reduced to 400 mg once daily during bortezomib treatment.ConclusionVaricellazoster virus reactivation is a common and serious adverse effect of bortezomib treatment. Acyclovir 400 mg once daily is sufficient to protect from VZV reactivation in patients with MM treated with bortezomib.