护士长领导行为与护士工作倦怠调查分析

目的:探讨护士长领导行为与护士工作倦怠的状况并分析影响因素.方法:采用一般情况调查表、领导行为描述调查表(LBDQ-Ⅻ)"定规"和"关怀"亚量表、Maslach工作倦怠量表分层随机抽样调查烟台毓璜顶医院、烟台山医院、莱阳中心医院部分护士长及护士(214名).结果:护士长的领导行为更倾向于"定规"领导,科室和护士长的工作年限、职称、学历对领导行为影响大(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);护士的职业倦怠在情绪衰竭、去人性化得分高于常模,成就感低下低于常模(P<0.05).回归分析发现,"定规"领导行为是总体工作倦怠的解释变量,护士工作年限、年龄和学历与职业倦怠存在共线性关系.结论:优化护士长的领导行为,尤其是加强护士长"定规"领导行为,能降低护士工作倦怠.     

护士心理授权状况与工作倦怠的相关性分析

目的：了解护士的心理授权现状和工作倦怠情况,分析两者间的相关性,探索预防和降低护士工作倦怠的新对策。方法整群抽取广州5家三甲医院的临床护士203人,采用心理授权量表及工作倦怠量表进行调查。结果护士的心理授权感知得分（4．75±0．67）分,为中等水平;其中自我效能得分最高为（5．34±0．73）分,工作影响得分最低为（3．64±0．11）分;护士有较严重的工作倦怠,其中个人成就感丧失维度（3．83±0．62）分,情绪枯竭维度（2．96±0．81）分,去人格化倾向维度（1．89±0．84）分;护士心理授权感知与工作倦怠关系密切,与情绪枯竭、去人格化倾向、个人成就感各维度呈负相关（r值分别为－0．436,－0．366,0．514;P＜0．01）。结论临床护士的心理授权处于中等水平,临床护理管理者应加强护士对心理授权的感知,以降低工作倦怠感的产生。     

妇产科护士工作倦怠现象的调查

目的了解妇产科护士工作倦怠现状,为改善护士身心健康、提高护士工作质量提供参考依据。方法采用护士工作倦怠量表调查三明市118名妇产科护士,并分析其工作倦怠水平。结果妇产科护士情感耗竭得分较Maslach常模高,而去人格化、个人成就感得分较Maslach常模低（P〈0．01）;初级职称护士、合同制护士工作倦怠分别较中级职称、编制内护士明显（P〈0．05）;已婚护士情感耗竭的维度高于未婚护士（P〈0．01）,而去人格化和个人成就感的维度虽高于未婚护士,但两组比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论医院管理者应高度关注妇产科护士群体的工作倦怠现象,给予人性化管理,以利于护理质量的提高。     

护士长领导行为与护士工作倦怠的关系

目的探讨护士长的领导行为与护士工作倦怠水平的关系。方法采用领导行为描述调查表（LBDQ-Ⅻ）和Maslach工作倦怠量表（MBI）对2家医院的214名护士进行调查。结果护士存在较高水平的工作倦怠,护士长关怀得分低于定规,护士长领导行为与护士工作倦怠相关,其中定规维度与情感耗竭、去人格化呈正相关关系,与个人成就感降低呈负相关关系。关怀维度与情感耗竭、去人格化呈负相关关系,与个人成就感降低呈正相关（P〈0．05）。结论护士长在重视定规的同时应当加强对护士的关怀,以降低护士的工作倦怠水平,提高护理工作质量。     

产房护士自我效能感和工作倦怠的调查

[目的]了解产房护士工作倦怠及自我效能感状况,探讨自我效能感与工作倦怠之间的关系。[方法]采用问卷调查法,对南京市5家三级甲等医院的98名产房护士进行调查。[结果]产房护士的工作倦怠突出表现在个人成就感丧失维度上,其次是情绪衰竭维度,去人性化维度相对较低;本调查产房护士自我效能感得分为25.30分±5.40分。自我效能感得分与情绪衰竭感、去人性化呈负相关,与人个成就感呈正相关。[结论]应重视提高产房护士的自我效能感,以便更有效地降低其工作倦怠感。     

护士工作倦怠与共情能力的相关性分析

目的探讨临床护士工作倦怠程度与共情能力之间的相互关系,为降低护士工作倦怠、提高共情服务能力制订针对性措施提供依据。方法采用护士共情能力量表、工作倦怠量表对226名临床护士进行调查,分析临床护士共情能力现状及其与工作倦怠之间的关系。结果本组临床护士工作倦怠表现为中度的情绪衰竭、工作无成就感和低度的去个性化,去个性化得分为（36．54±7．34）分,与Maslach常模（5．37±5．12）分比较,差异有统计学意义（t=6．322,P〈0．01）;共情能力总得分（85．00±6．32）分,属中等水平;随着护龄的增长,心理感知、情绪体验呈上升趋势。结论护士工作倦怠与共情能力之间有显著相关关系,护理管理者应采取有效措施,降低护士工作倦怠感,提高共情能力。     

临床护理人员工作倦怠与家庭功能的相关性研究

目的调查临床护理人员工作倦怠的现状,分析家庭功能与工作倦怠之间的关系。方法采用整群抽样的方法,应用工作倦怠感量表、家庭功能评定量表对165名临床一线护理人员进行调查。结果护理人员的去人性化、个人成就感呈高度倦怠,情绪耗竭呈中度倦怠,家庭总的功能处于健康水平。情绪耗竭与家庭角色呈正相关（P〈0．05）,去人性化与角色、行为控制、总的功能呈正相关（P〈0．01）。结论家庭功能对护士工作倦怠有显著的影响,护理管理者应重视对护理人员家庭的支持,从而预防和降低护理人员的工作倦怠,维护其身心健康。     

护士个性特征与工作倦怠的相关性

目的 探讨临床护士个性特征与工作倦怠之间的关系.方法 2010年12月,采用艾森克人格问卷(Eysenck personality questionnaire,EPQ)和马氏工作倦怠量表(Maslach burnout inventory-general survey,MBI-GS)对上海市3所三级甲等医院的345名护士进行调查.结果 护士性格的内外向与成就感低落呈正相关(P＜0.01);神经质和精神质与情绪衰竭、玩世不恭呈正相关(P＜0.01),与成就感低落呈负相关(P＜0.01);掩饰因子与情绪衰竭、玩世不恭呈显著负相关(P＜0.01),与成就感低落呈显著正相关(P＜0.01).结论 护理教育者和医院管理者应认识到护士个性特征与工作倦怠的相关性,重视个性特征的差异性,根据护士不同的个性特征采取针对性的干预手段,积极协助护理人员避免或减少工作倦怠的产生.     

新疆地区三级综合医院护士长工作倦怠的调查研究

目的：了解和分析新疆三级综合医院护士长工作倦怠现状。方法：采用普查方法，应用护士长一般资料调查表与护士工作倦怠问卷，调查新疆地区13家三级综合医院任职半年以上护士长430名。结果：护士长情感衰竭（EE）、去人性化（DP）、个人成就感（PA）三个维度得分分别为25.87±9.10、8.76±4.24、33.72±10.21。35-39岁护士长情感衰竭程度高于40-44岁组及≥45岁组（分别P〈0.05，P〈0.01）；少数民族护士长情感衰竭程度高于汉族护士长（P〈0.05）；任职〈5年组、5-9年组护士长情感衰竭水平均高于任职≥10年者（分别P〈0.01，P〈0.05）；不同科室护士长仅在情感衰竭维度差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05），儿科护士长情感衰竭程度最重。去人性化及个人成就感未显示出差异。结论：护士长工作倦怠呈中高度水平，35-39岁、少数民族护士长、任职5年以下以及儿科护士长情感衰竭水平较高，值得管理者关注。     

调节模式对护士工作倦怠的影响

[目的]探讨调节模式对护士工作倦怠的影响。[方法]采用横断面调查方法,应用工作倦怠量表通用版及调节模式量表,对西安市3所三级甲等医院的365名临床护士进行问卷调查。[结果]护士工作倦怠各维度得分按均分由高到低排序为成就感低落、情绪衰竭、玩世不恭;运动模式与玩世不恭、成就感低落呈负相关(r=-0.457,P0.01);评估模式与情绪衰竭、玩世不恭呈正相关(P0.01);运动和评估模式与成就感低落存在线性回归关系(P0.05)。根据调节模式得分情况,将护士分为高运动与低评估、高运动与高评估、低运动与高评估、低运动与低评估4个组,其中低运动与高评估护士工作倦怠各维度得分均最高,而高运动与低评估护士得分最低,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。[结论]调节模式对护士工作倦怠具有重要影响,本研究为筛选护理工作倦怠高危人群并对其采取积极干预措施提供重要理论依据。     

关于护士长领导方式与护士工作效率的研究

对上海市８所三级甲等医院的４８名护士长和２９２名护士进行问卷调查,以研究护士长领导方式与护士的工作效率之间的关系。护士的工作效率用护士的组织凝聚力、护理工作业绩、工作满意度来衡量。结果表明：护士长的主要领导方式是“榜样作用”和“焕发民心”;护士长的“激励作用”是提高护士的组织凝聚力、工作满意度的重要领导方式;护士长是否能够“挑战工作过程”是影响护士工作业绩的重要因素;“焕发民心”与护士的工作满意度呈高度相关。根据研究结果得出对我国医院护理管理与领导模式的建议,并对今后作进一步研究提出建议。     

Head nurse leadership style with staff nurse burnout and job satisfaction in neonatal intensive care units

Leadership style has been defined as a two-factor construct composed of "consideration" and "initiating structure." Research has suggested that these factors affect the behavior and attitude of subordinates. This study's purpose was to quantify the relationships of head nurse leadership style with self-reported staff nurse burnout and job satisfaction in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). Three instruments--the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Tedium Scale, and the Leadership Opinion Questionnaire--were voluntarily completed by 283 registered nurses employed by 14 level-III NICUs in the United States. The leadership dimensions of consideration and structure were distinct (r = -.10). Staff nurse satisfaction and burnout were related (r = -.41). Head nurse consideration was clearly related to staff nurse satisfaction (r = -.55) and to a lesser extent to burnout (r = -.29). Initiating structure alone was not related to satisfaction or burnout. Aggregate perceptions of head nurse leadership were ranked across NICUs in order to classify the head nurses on consideration and structure. The 14 head nurses were separated into four groups: high consideration-high structure, high consideration-low structure, low consideration-high structure, and low consideration-low structure. Satisfaction and burnout of staff nurses in each of the leadership-style groups were then compared. Analysis of variance for satisfaction (F(3,279) = 3.10, p = .03) and burnout (F(3,279) = 3.90, p = .01) were both significant. For both satisfaction and burnout, the head nurse leadership classification of low consideration-high structure was most deviant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

护士长领导方式与其领导行为的关系研究

目的探讨护士长领导方式与其领导行为之间的关系。方法运用多元领导风格量表、医院领导行为评估量表对石家庄市4所三级甲等综合医院198名护士长所在科室的925名护士进行问卷调查。结果护士感知的护士长交易型领导方式较多,护士长领导行为并不乐观;护士长变革型领导方式对其领导行为具有积极正向的影响(P0.01)。结论交易型领导方式、变革型领导方式对护士长领导行为均具有积极的影响,但是变革型领导方式在整体上要优于交易型领导方式,改善护士长领导方式,能够有效提高其领导行为。     

护士长工作疲溃感与工作压力源及应对方式的相关研究

目的探讨护士长工作疲溃感、工作压力源及应对方式的水平及其之间的关系.方法采用问卷调查法,调查了广州市5家三级甲等综合医院的200名护士长的工作疲渍感、工作压力源、应对方式及其之间的相互关系.结果护士长的工作压力为中等水平,其首要工作压力为工作量与时间分配方面,最大压力源为非护理性工作太多;护士长情绪疲溃感与工作无成就感均为高度,工作冷漠感为中度;护士长的工作压力与情绪疲溃感和工作冷漠感呈正相关,与工作无成就感不相关;应对方式对护士长工作疲溃感有影响,积极应对有助于降低护士长的工作无成就感,消极应对可以加重情绪疲溃感和工作冷漠感的产生.结论护士长的工作疲溃感严重,并受工作压力及应对方式影响,建议关注护士长工作压力的主要影响因素及减轻护士长的非护理性工作,加强对护士长管理知识、心理知识及专业知识的培训,提高其积极应对技巧.     

Leadership, organizational stress, and emotional exhaustion among hospital nursing staff

STUDY'S RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: We examined the effect of work stressors and head nurses' transactional and transformational leadership on the levels of emotional exhaustion experienced among their staff. METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN AND RESEARCH METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to all nurses of a university hospital. Usable returns were received from 625 nurses, giving a response rate of 39.2%. Data were treated using correlational analyses and multiple regression. The latter modelled stressors and leadership as predictors of nurses' reported emotional exhaustion. MEASURES: Work stressors were assessed using the Nursing Stress Scale (NSS) which comprises 34 items divided into three subscales (referring to stress from the physical, psychological, and social environment), and the role ambiguity (three items) and conflict (three items) scales. Leadership was measured with the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. RESULTS: In regression analyses, work stressors as a whole were found to explain 22% of the variance in emotional exhaustion whereas leadership dimensions explained 9% of the variance in that outcome measure. Stress emanating from the physical and social environment, role ambiguity, and active management-by-exception leadership were significantly associated with increased levels of emotional exhaustion. Transformational and contingent reward leadership did not influence emotional exhaustion. LIMITATIONS: A limitation of this study is that it considered only the emotional exhaustion dimension of burnout. Also, as data were cross-sectional in nature, conclusions regarding the direction of causality among variables cannot be drawn. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided, for the first time, a test of the influence of leadership on burnout among nurses, taking into account the role of work stressors. Future research is needed to examine if the effects reported herein can be replicated using the two other dimensions of burnout (depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment).     

护士感知真实型领导、个人-工作环境匹配与职业倦怠的关系分析

目的 探讨护士感知真实型领导、个人-工作环境匹配与职业倦怠的关系。方法 采用真实型领导量表、个人-工作环境匹配量表及护士职业倦怠量表对青岛市3所三级甲等综合医院1 169名护士进行调查研究。结果 护士感知真实型领导与护士职业倦怠呈负相关（r=-0.374~-0.157,P<0.001）,个人-工作环境匹配与护士职业倦怠呈负相关（r=-0.553~-0.062,P<0.05）;分层回归显示,进入回归方程的变量有婚姻状况、科室、自我意识和工作负荷、团队氛围、工作认可和自主权（P<0.05）,其中护士感知真实型领导、个人-工作匹配共同解释职业倦怠的30.2%。结论 护士感知真实型领导和个人-工作环境匹配是护士职业倦怠的影响因素,提示护理管理者应采取相对应的措施培养护士长的真实领导行为,提高护士与工作环境的匹配度,降低职业倦怠。     

The relationship between multidimensional leadership and burnout among nursing staff

AIM AND BACKGROUND: The purpose was to explore the relationship between multidimensional leadership and burnout among nursing staff. There exists little research evidence of the relation between these phenomena. METHOD: The study used a non-experimental survey design. The sample consisted of 601 nurses and nurse managers working in different health care organizations. RESULTS: Rewarding transformational leadership seems to protect particularly from depersonalization. Active management-by-exception protected from depersonalization and increased personal accomplishment. Passive laissez-faire leadership functioned as an exposing factor for emotional exhaustion as well as a decreasing factor for personal accomplishment. However, the employment status and the character of work tasks affected the connection between leadership and burnout. CONCLUSIONS: The relation between leadership and burnout is complex, affected by situational factors of leadership and the ambiguous nature of burnout. Nurses of various ages, at different stages of career development and participating in different work tasks require different kinds of leadership.     

某三级甲等医院护士长领导力现状及其影响因素

[目的]了解某三级甲等医院护士长领导力现状及其影响因素,为进一步开展针对性干预,提高护士长领导力提供依据。[方法]采用一般情况调查问卷、护理管理者领导力问卷对某三级甲等医院87名护士长进行问卷调查。[结果]护士长领导力总分为100.31分±13.17分,低于均分的维度为创新能力、控制力和决断力,条目均分分别为(2.99±0.64)分、(3.22±0.64)分和(3.34±0.58)分。单因素分析显示:年龄≥51岁、工作年限≥31年、接受过相关培训的护士长领导力得分明显高于其他组,担任护士长年限≤5年的护士长领导力得分明显低于其他组,且差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,担任护士长年限和接受相关培训对护士长领导力有显著预测作用。[结论]护士长领导力得分处于中等水平,对护士长进行培训可有效提高护士长领导力水平,接下来可针对护士长创新能力、控制力和决断力方面进行相应的培训和干预。     

Nursing staff descriptions of clinical supervision and management inVeterans Affairs-affiliated nursing homes

Forty nursing staff from 2 urban VA-affiliated nursing homes participated in separate focus groups for certified nursing assistants, licensed vocational nurses, and registered nurses. Staff described their experiences with nursing supervisory and managerial staff work behaviors related to 5 common clinical practices, including incontinence, mobility, nutrition, pain, and pressure ulcer management. Themes associated with these behaviors were identified using content analysis. Implications for nurses in supervisory, managerial, and leadership roles in nursing homes and other clinical settings are presented.