IR-Nachweis von Kalypnon im Urin

Zusammenfassung Es wird über den IR-Nachweis von Kalypnon berichtet; dieses Barbiturat konnte durch präparative Dünnschichtchromatographie aus dem Urin isoliert werden.Herrn Prof. Dr. H.Elbel zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Excel分析工具库的统计分析功能

介绍了 Excel分析工具库的安装与使用 ,阐明了分析工具库可实现的统计分析功能     

处方序列对称分析研究现状的文献计量分析

摘 要 目的:全面收集并分析国内外公开发表的处方序列对称分析（PSSA）相关文献,为我国今后同类研究的设计提供参考。方法：系统检索PubMed和Embase文献数据库中的PSSA文献,检索时间截止到2015年11月5日。用Epidata软件建立数据提取表,使用SPSS软件进行统计分析。结果：共检索文献并纳入研究53篇。自2012年后,文献发表数量快速提高。发表文献作者主要集中在澳大利亚、荷兰、日本等国家。大部分研究使用数据库为医疗保险理赔数据库。结论：近年来国际上关于PSSA研究不断增加,应用也不断成熟。虽然PSSA仍需要方法学的不断考证,但为大数据在药物安全性研究中的应用提供了新的思路。     

阿仑膦酸钠药物的分析

目的对国内外阿仑膦酸钠药物的各种分析方法及其原理、优缺点进行总结概括,并对阿仑膦酸钠新剂型含量测定进行探讨。方法以国内外有代表性的论文为依据,进行分析、整理和归纳。结果现有的分析方法解决了阿仑膦酸钠难以检测的难题,人们根据阿仑膦酸钠分子结构,已完成了不同阿仑膦酸钠检测方法的建立。不同的检测方法根据不同的检测机制,具有不同的检测灵敏度,在使用过程中根据具体需要适当的选择。结论阿仑膦酸钠不同分析方法的建立为进一步深入研究阿仑膦酸钠奠定了基础,也为阿仑膦酸钠衍生物、新剂型的研究提供了依据。     

Analysis of creams

A standard procedure, consisting of twotlc systems, for the qualitative control of creams is presented. All common cream excipients, except those of very high polarity, are separated in a simple gradient elution system, using diethyl ether as the eluent in a chromatographic chamber saturated withn-pentane. The very polar cream base components are separated usingn-butanol-glacial acetic acid-water (20+2+5) as the eluent. The chromatographic behaviour of common cream excipients as well as threefna cream bases and four commercial cream bases is discussed.     

Analysis of creams

The possibilities of applying reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography to the analysis of o/w emulsion type creams without preceding sample clean-up were investigated. The Chromatographic behaviour of cream base components and active compounds in reversed phase systems consisting of methanol-water mixtures as the mobile phase and a chemically bonded octadecyl stationary phase, was studied. A number of active compounds and the preservative (sorbic acid) could be determined — often in one Chromatographic run — without complications, by simply dissolving the sample in a suitable solvent mixture and injecting an aliquot of the solution into the Chromatograph. Separation was achieved by the proper choice of methanol content, pH and ionic strength of the eluent. The compounds were detected by uv absorption. Some of the lipophilic cream base components could easily be determined in the same manner, with methanol as the eluent and with refraction index detection. The developed procedure was applied to the analysis of a number of creams. Some of the results are presented as examples, demonstrating the suitability of the method for quality control purposes.     

Analysis of creams

The possibilities of the gas-liquid chromatographic analysis with flame ionization detection of creams of the o/w emulsion type were investigated. Interferences by cream base components in the determination of the active compounds were studied. It appeared to be possible to determine active compounds with a retention index lower than 1900 onov-17 (e.g. methyl salicylate, menthol, thymol, camphor) without clean-up of the cream samples; for the determination of compounds with retention indices between 1900 and 3700, a simple clean-up step suffices.The possible analysis of some of the cream base components together with the active compounds of the creams was investigated as well. Cetomacrogol emulsifying wax, lanette wax sx and cetiol v could be determined easily, whether or not a sample clean-up step was incorporated.     

红外指纹图谱在大海马品质分析中的应用研究

目的 对15批不同等级的大海马进行红外光谱分析,研究红外指纹图谱在其品质分析中的应用,验证市场分级现状是否合理,为海马的品质鉴定提供快速有效的方法。方法 利用傅里叶变换红外光谱法（FTIR）的一维光谱图谱的比较分析,结合粗脂肪与总酚含量测定。结果 建立了不同等级海马的指纹特征,发现不同等级大海马的粗脂肪与总酚含量差异显著。劣质品海马的一维指纹图谱与正常品明显不同,相似度低;海马的粗脂肪、总酚含量与商品等级均达显著正相关水平,分别为0.821**和0.607*;根据1 092.4及2 932.2 cm-1处的二阶导数值建立的判别函数,可用于判别海马的等级。结论 红外指纹图谱专属性强、快速、稳定,可为海马的质量鉴别研究提供科学依据。     

Analysis of creams

A standard procedure, consisting of twotlc systems, for the qualitative control of creams is presented. All common cream excipients, except those of very high polarity, are separated in a simple gradient elution system, using diethyl ether as the eluent in a chromatographic chamber saturated withn-pentane. The very polar cream base components are separated usingn-butanol-glacial acetic acid-water (20+2+5) as the eluent. The chromatographic behaviour of common cream excipients as well as threefna cream bases and four commercial cream bases is discussed.     

Analysis of creams

The uv absorbing properties of the components of the cream bases as described in the Formulary of the Dutch Pharmacists were investigated. Directuv spectrophotometric determinations without any clean-up steps appeared to be possible for a number of drugs (e.g. tripelennamine HCl, tretinoin, salicylic acid, methyl salicylate, resorcinol, clioquinol), with the help of a solvent mixture in which the cream samples dissolved completely to yield clear solutions. Correcting for the contribution to theuv absorbance by the preservative is sometimes necessary and can be achieved by measuring the absorbance at two wavelengths. The determination of chlorhexidine, as an example of a basic drug withuv absorbing properties which prevent direct measurements of the solution of the cream samples, could be achieved after removal of the interfering compounds by a simple liquid-liquid extraction.     

Analysis of creams

The possibilities for the determination of active components in creams by acid-base titrations in non-aqueous solvents were investigated. Interference by cream-base components with the titration of weak organic bases and their halides with perchloric acid in acetic acid, and with the titration of weak acids with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide in N,N-dimethylformamide were studied. It appeared to be possible to determine alkaloid halides, salicylic acid, hexachlorophene and methyl salicylate without previous clean-up of the cream samples.     

Analysis of creams

The uv absorbing properties of the components of the cream bases as described in the Formulary of the Dutch Pharmacists were investigated. Directuv spectrophotometric determinations without any clean-up steps appeared to be possible for a number of drugs (e.g. tripelennamine HCl, tretinoin, salicylic acid, methyl salicylate, resorcinol, clioquinol), with the help of a solvent mixture in which the cream samples dissolved completely to yield clear solutions. Correcting for the contribution to theuv absorbance by the preservative is sometimes necessary and can be achieved by measuring the absorbance at two wavelengths. The determination of chlorhexidine, as an example of a basic drug withuv absorbing properties which prevent direct measurements of the solution of the cream samples, could be achieved after removal of the interfering compounds by a simple liquid-liquid extraction.     

Analysis of creams

The possibilities of the gas-liquid chromatographic analysis with flame ionization detection of creams of the o/w emulsion type were investigated. Interferences by cream base components in the determination of the active compounds were studied. It appeared to be possible to determine active compounds with a retention index lower than 1900 onov-17 (e.g. methyl salicylate, menthol, thymol, camphor) without clean-up of the cream samples; for the determination of compounds with retention indices between 1900 and 3700, a simple clean-up step suffices. The possible analysis of some of the cream base components together with the active compounds of the creams was investigated as well. Cetomacrogol emulsifying wax, lanette wax sx and cetiol v could be determined easily, whether or not a sample clean-up step was incorporated.     

Analysis of creams

The possibilities for the determination of active components in creams by acid-base titrations in non-aqueous solvents were investigated. Interference by cream-base components with the titration of weak organic bases and their halides with perchloric acid in acetic acid, and with the titration of weak acids with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide in N,N-dimethylformamide were studied. It appeared to be possible to determine alkaloid halides, salicylic acid, hexachlorophene and methyl salicylate without previous clean-up of the cream samples.     

浅析第三代头孢菌素类抗菌药物的药理分析及合理应用

目的分析第三代头孢菌素类抗菌药物的药理和合理应用方法。方法将我院当前头孢菌素类抗菌药物的使用情况进行收集,并对其实施回顾性的分析。结果目前我院使用频率第一位的头孢菌素类抗菌药物为第二代,明显的高于第一代、第三代以及第四代,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而在治疗方法上,主要为口服、静注、肌注。各种药物在病理特征上也有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论第三代头孢菌素类抗菌药物在我院目前为合理使用,但仍需要认真的把握每种药物的使用方法及其药理知识,才能够保证药物的合理使用以及治疗效果。     

预算影响分析与药物经济学分析

目的 :为我国药物经济学研究提供方法学借鉴。方法 :介绍药品的预算影响分析和财务影响分析在药物经济学研究中的作用 ,以及与药物经济学成本 -效果分析的关系。结果与结论 :药品预算影响分析可作为新药补偿的参考依据。     

相关系数的不确定度分析及其应用

目的:探讨表示因子间相关性的相关系数的可靠性。方法:应用集对分析理论,将应变量X与自变量Y进行同异反分析,建立X、Y的联系度μ,从而将r分解为ra(或rc)部分的确定相关和rb部分的不确定相关。以相关系数的不确定度f s=rb/r=b表示相关系数的可靠性。结果:新昌县脑卒中发生人数与气压、气温的相关分析表明,脑卒中发生人数与日平均气压、最高气压、日平均气温、最低气温、气温日较差、前后两天气温差绝对值、前后两天气压差绝对值、气压日较差的相关系数均通过0.05的显著性检验水平,但只有后三者相关系数的不确定度较低,有较高的可靠性,和相关研究结果一致。结论:相关分析时,只有当相关系数既达到显著水平,不确定度又较低,相关关系才真实可信。