急性肱骨近端骨溶解症一例报告

病例报告 大块骨质溶解症(massive ostelysis,MOL)是极为罕见的骨病,发病7d骨质破坏者尚未见报告.我院收治一例肱骨近端急性骨溶解症患者,报告如下.     

大块骨质溶解症一例报告并文献复习

大块骨质溶解症又称Gorham-Stout综合征,是一种罕见的以大块骨质溶解为特征的骨损害。诊断主要依据影象学和病理组织学检查。组织切片检查可见骨质内脉管肿瘤样改变。报道1例以右股骨病理性骨折收入院的大块骨质溶解症患者,临床随访3年。该患者采用双磷酸盐类药物治疗,临床症状缓解。结合文献对诊断标准进行讨论。     

胫腓骨大块骨溶解症一例报告

正大块骨溶解症(massive osteolysis,MO)~([1]),又称Gorham病(Gorham’s disease)~([2])、Gorham-Stout综合征(Gorham-Stout syndrome)~([3])、消失骨病(disappearing or vanishing bone disease)~([4-5])、自发骨溶解症(idiopathic osteolysis)~([6])、幽灵骨病(phantom bone disease)~([7])等,最     

双磷酸盐与抗肿瘤性骨溶解

双磷酸盐与抗肿瘤性骨溶解张群喜肿瘤性骨溶解引起的骨结构破坏，每每导致骨疼痛、病理性骨折、高钙血症等一系列临床症状，临床处理颇为困难。我们结合有关文献，讨论双磷酸盐用于抗骨溶解治疗。双磷酸盐最初被用来治疗骨质疏松症。由于化学结构不断改进，在抗骨溶解治疗...     

大块骨组织体视学研究的图像采集与分析

大块骨组织由于不脱钙切片制作技术难度高,应用体视学对大块骨组织整体形态进行图像定量分析的研究资料较少。随着生物材料、人工金属植入材料在骨科临床的大量应用,如何获取高质量的大块骨组织整体图像,并应用体视学原理进行较为精确的图像分析变成了迫切需要解决的问题。目的:寻求大块骨组织实用和有效的数字图像采集方法,使之应用体视学原理进行较为精确的图像分析。材料与方法:普通玻片上的大组织标本、硬组织切片机切取的不脱钙塑料包埋大块骨组织标本及旋转切割机切取的含金属植入物的塑料包埋磨片标本。分别采用普通显微镜、大视野显微镜、自动显微镜及图像拼接软件采集,同时采用胶片扫描仪、台式背透扫描仪及高分辩数码相机进行采集比较。结果:上述各方法在一定程度均能满足大块骨组织图像采集及体视学分析需求,同时在标本适应性、视野规模、成像质量方面总结出各自优、缺点以及相应技术方法。     

全髋关节置换术后假体周围骨溶解的磁共振成像分析

目的分析磁共振技术在确定假体周围骨溶解的部位和范围中的作用。方法自2007年2月至2009年7月27例（28髋）全髋关节置换术后患者接受磁共振检查,其中包括骨溶解19髋、不明原因疼痛5髋、异位骨化2髋、可疑肿瘤1髋和股神经麻痹1髋。磁共振检查结果均与放射学检查结果和术中所见相互印证。结果在所有髋关节中磁共振均发现骨一假体界面异常影像和其周围软组织包裹。而与磁共振相比,X线片检查始终低估了假体周围骨溶解的部位和范围。磁共振还显示了X线放射学上难以发现的软组织沉积物,该沉积物的信号强度与骨溶解区域相似,并在28个髋关节中发现25个增厚滑膜中的沉积物。结论磁共振是对全髋关节置换术后假体周围软组织评价的有效检查手段,可以有效地评估假体周围软组织包裹物和关节囊内滑膜沉积物,比x线放射学检查能更容易发现骨质溶解的位置和范围,有助于临床治疗。     

骨脉管瘤病（附三例报告）

骨脉管瘤病是一种罕见的疾病，主要表现为全身骨骼进行性、多发性骨质溶解和畸形。文献上常见的命名还有：消失性骨病；自发性骨质吸收；大量骨质溶解症［１］；鬼怪式骨病等。Ｂｏｓｔｏｎ于１８３８年首先报告本病，之后世界各地陆续有少量病例报告。目前有关本病的发病...     

肢体骨恶性肿瘤首次诊疗失误患者的挽救治疗

背景与目的：恶性骨肿瘤发病率较低，仅占人类全部恶性肿瘤的1％左右，临床中出现误诊误治的现象很多。本研究在分析21例肢体骨恶性肿瘤首诊失误原因的基础上．探讨挽救治疗的方法及其疗效。方法：回顾性分析我院1998年10月-2005年12月间收治的21例首次诊疗失误的肢体骨恶性肿瘤患昔的临床资料及平均随访22个月（6—67个月）的随访结果。其中骨巨细胞瘤（GCT）3例，骨肉瘤12例．尤文氏肉瘤1例，恶性纤维组织细胞瘤3例，骨纤维肉瘤1例，恶性骨母细胞瘤1例。21例中，2例误诊为“骨囊肿”行病灶刮除植骨；19例误诊为“骨髓炎”行病灶刮除，3例加用灌洗引流。结果：11例保留肢体的患者，按Enneking的骨肿瘤外科治疗后功能评定标准，优良率72．7％（8／11）。广泛性截肢10例，11例保肢后再哉肢5例，除GCT外均辅以化疔死亡8例（38．1％）．存活13例（占61．9％），其中4例为带瘤存活。结论：恶性骨肿瘤的诊治要强调首次诊疗的正确性及规范性，建立完善的转诊制度是减少治疗失误的有效途径。对于首次诊疗失误的患者．推荐以手术及化疗为主的综合治疗，慎用保肢术。     

Sacral myxopapillary ependymoma with extensive osteolysis

Myxopapillary ependymoma rarely presents as a primary intra-sacral lesion and extensive bony destruction is unusual. Radiological features do not help in distinction from other commoner sacral tumors, like chordoma. Hence, histopathology serves as the best diagnostic modality for this differentiation. We report the case of a 42-year-old man with a primary intra-sacral myxopapillary ependymoma causing extensive osteolysis.     

贲门癌大出血的诊治体会

报道１９８２年至１９９２年间共收治上消化道大出血病人９５例，其中２２例贲门癌引起的大出血全部手术切除，手术切除率为１００％，取得较满意效果。贲门癌引起大出血常因癌瘤侵犯胃壁较大血管而发生出血，并不意味着癌瘤范围广泛而不能手术切除。因此，只要病人无特殊手术禁忌证，应积极手术治疗。文中重点对贲门癌大出血的诊断及手术治疗等方面进行了讨论。     

Familial expansile osteolysis: An Australian case report of a Paget's Disease Mimic

We report a case of familial expansile osteolysis (FEO) with multimodality imaging findings and histopathological correlation in a 42‐year‐old man presenting to a South Australian Emergency Department. FEO is a unique metabolic bone condition that is similar in some respects to Paget's disease but distinct enough in its clinical, radiological and histological findings to be classified as a separate disease process. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and typified by increased osteoclast activity, medullary expansion, and hearing and dental problems. These changes can lead to significant morbidity with individuals affected suffering from bone pain and pathological fractures. To the best of the authors' knowledge, there are no reported cases in the literature documenting this disease in Australia.     

MicroRNA-106b inhibits osteoclastogenesis and osteolysis by targeting RANKL in giant cell tumor of bone

Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone consists of three major cell types: giant cells, monocytic cells, and stromal cells. From microarray analysis, we found that miR-106b was down-regulated in GCT clinical samples and further determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. In addition, the expression of novel potential target of miR-106b, RANKL, was elevated in GCT along with previously determined targets in other tumors such as IL-8, MMP2 and TWIST. In a RANKL 3′UTR luciferase reporter assays, agomiR-106b repressed the luciferase activity and the effect was eliminated when the targeting site in the reporter was mutated, suggesting a direct regulation of miR-106b on RANKL mRNA. Moreover, overexpression of miR-106b in GCTSCs through TALEN-mediated site-specific knockin clearly inhibited osteoclastogenesis and osteolysis. By grafting the GCT onto the chick CAM, we confirmed the inhibitory effect of miR-106b on RANKL expression and giant cell formation. Furthermore, in an OVX mouse model, silencing of miR-106b increased RANKL protein expression and promoted bone resorption, while up-regulation of miR-106b inhibited bone resorption. These results suggest that miR-106b is a novel suppressor of osteolysis by targeting RANKL and some other cytokines, which indicates that miR-106b may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of GCT.     

上颌骨溶骨症一例报告并文献复习

为了探讨颌骨溶骨症的临床及CT、MR影像学特点和病理表现,为临床诊断提供根据,分析本病例的临床表现及CT、MR影像学资料与病理表现,结合文献总结其临床、影像学和病理特点.颌骨溶骨症起病隐匿,发展缓慢,临床诊断十分困难,影像学特点为颌骨广泛性溶解破坏.颌骨溶骨症早期诊断困难,发病机制不明,临床目前尚无有效治疗方法,CT、MR和病理表现并结合临床有助于明确诊断.     

Occlusive Endobronchial Stent Placement as a Novel Management Approach to Massive Hemoptysis from Lung Cancer

Massive hemoptysis in patients with advanced thoracic malignancies can be difficult to manage. Frequently, the bleeding source is not amenable to either bronchial artery embolization or surgical resection. Isolation of the bleeding source by endobronchial tamponade is an alternative management option. This is commonly achieved by the use of double-lumen endotracheal tubes or the placement of endobronchial balloons. Although effective, these approaches are not permanent solutions and may require prolonged intubation. We describe here an alternative, novel approach to endobronchial tamponade that does not require prolonged mechanical ventilation. We present a case in which massive hemoptysis from a left lower lobe cavitary lung cancer was successfully tamponaded and ultimately stopped by the placement of 2 covered self-expanding bronchial stents, allowing the patient to be extubated and to undergo further palliative therapy. No recurrent episodes of hemoptysis occurred throughout the patient's lifetime.     

多途径综合治疗原发性巨块型肝癌48例疗效分析

作者对４８例不能一期切除的原发性巨块型肝癌进行多途径的综合治疗。在一期探查术中应用肝动脉结扎、碘化油化疗药物（ＭＤＦ）混合液灌注化疗和液态硅胶（ＴＨ）栓塞术；术后行肝动脉、门静脉分期灌注化疗；化疗间期经皮向癌灶内分点注射无水酒精。综合治疗半年复查结果：ＰＲ６６．７％、ＭＲ２２．９％、ＳＤ１０．４％。复查后依据病情施行Ⅱ期手术切除２３例，占本组病例的４７．９％（２３／４８）。本组病例随访结果：６、８、１０个月、１、３、５年生存率分别为９３．８％、８７．５％、７９．２％、７５．０％、５６．１％、２５．９％。结果显示，多途径综合治疗疗效显著。     

内科保守和支气管动脉栓塞治疗肺癌大咯血的疗效对比研究

目的：对内科保守和支气管动脉栓塞治疗肺癌大咯血的临床效果进行对比研究。方法回顾性分析70例肺癌大咯血患者的临床资料，其中25例患者采用保守治疗方法，45例肺癌大咯血患者采用选择性支气管动脉造影，采用明胶海绵颗粒、聚乙烯醇颗粒或与钢圈联合等方法进行栓塞。所有患者随访2～12个月，对两组患者的疗效及复发率进行评价。结果45例患者中行左支气管动脉栓塞的有15例，行右支气管动脉栓塞的有17例，行左右支气管动脉栓塞的有13例。支气管内科保守治疗的患者的治愈率为32．0％，18例复发，复发率为72．0％；行支气管动脉栓塞治疗的患者治愈率为82．2％，5例复发，复发率为11．1％；采用明胶海绵颗粒栓塞、聚乙烯醇颗粒、明胶海绵颗粒联合弹簧钢圈双重栓塞、双重栓塞联合弹簧钢圈双重栓塞，术后患者均无严重不良反应发生。结论支气管动脉栓塞治疗肺癌大咯血的临床效果显著，能够降低死亡率和并发症的发生，在临床值得推广应用。     

经前颅凹颅内外联合入路额、筛窦泛眶切除术

本文报告两例经前正中额部骨瓣颅内外联合入路施行泛眶切除术。术中先切开掀起额骨骨瓣,显露前颅凹底,处理硬脑膜和大脑额叶的受侵部分,然后显露切断鼻根和颌骨额突,最后切断筛骨两侧和后部以及额骨的眶部,包括受肿瘤侵犯的眶内容物一并整块切除。本手术符合肿瘤外科原则、显露清楚,可直视下探查和处理颅底和颅内的受侵组织,对挽救部分较晚期鼻腔、额、筛窦恶性肿瘤患者有一定应用价值,但也有创伤大、毁容严重、危险性较大等缺点。术中应防止损伤上矢状窦,仔细修补硬脑膜,术前术后应重视预防感染。