右美托咪定联合胸椎旁神经阻滞在乳腺手术中的临床应用

目的 探讨右美托咪定联合胸椎旁神经阻滞应用于乳腺手术的有效性及安全性。方法 选择行乳腺手术患者90例,用随机余数法分为三组,每组30例,即右美托咪定组(D组)、咪达唑仑组(M组)和对照组(C组)。D组与对照组分别于胸椎旁神经阻滞前15 min开始静脉注入等剂量的右美托咪定(负荷量0.5μg/kg、10 min内注完)及生理盐水,M组于胸椎旁神经阻滞前15 min静脉注入咪达唑仑0.1 mg/kg,观察并记录入室(T0)、胸椎旁神经阻滞穿刺前(T1)、切皮(T2)、肿块切除(T3)、手术结束(T4)时的心率(HR)、呼吸(RR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、Sp O2和警觉/镇静评分(OAA/S)。结果 与对照组比较,D组T1-T4时MAP明显降低、HR明显减慢;T2、T3时RR明显增快(P<0.05);D组T2时Sp O2明显高于M组和对照组(P<0.05)。T1-T4时的M组和T1、T2时的D组OAA/S评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 右美托咪定可安全有效地应用于胸椎旁神经阻滞下乳腺手术的辅助镇静。     

右美托咪定联合腰丛-坐股神经阻滞在老年患者胫骨骨折手术中的应用

目的:探讨右美托咪啶联合腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞用于老年患者胫骨骨折手术中的有效性和安全性。方法:择期行单侧胫骨手术的老年患者60例,ASA分级Ⅱ~Ⅲ级,年龄65~80岁,随机分为两组(n=30):右美托咪啶组(D组)和咪唑安定组(M组)。D组静脉注射右美托咪啶负荷量0.5μg/kg,注射时间为10 min,然后以0.2μg/(kg·h)维持。手术结束前10 min停药,M组单次静脉注入咪达唑仑0.1 mg/kg,两组用药15 min后开始腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞.观察记录入室(T0)、腰丛穿刺前(T1)、切皮(T2)、骨折复位(T3)、手术结束(T4)时患者HR、RR、MAP及SpO2,不良反应发生率、术中镇静评分。结果:与M组比,D组T1~T2时MAP明显降低、T1时HR明显减慢(P<0.05);M组在T1、T3时RR比D组明显变慢(P<0.05)。两组OAA/S评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);D组使用芬太尼明显低于M组。D组发生低血压4例,M组发生呼吸抑制7例,两组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:小剂量的右美托咪定用于老人腰丛-坐骨神经阻滞下胫骨骨折手术,可以提供良好的镇静,无明显的呼吸抑制,减少镇痛药的用量。     

超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞联合右美托咪定镇静在肝射频消融手术中的应用

目的探讨超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞联合右美托咪定镇静在肝射频消融手术中的应用。方法60例行肝射频消融手术患者随机分为胸椎旁神经阻滞联合右美托咪定组(P组)和气管插管全身麻醉组(G组)。记录两组一般手术情况,监测入室后麻醉诱导前(T0)、手术开始时(T1)、手术开始后5 min(T2)、手术开始后15 min(T3)及手术结束时(T4)平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR);记录术中麻醉不良事件、血管活性药物及术后补救镇痛例数。结果与P组比较,G组T1~T4时MAP明显降低术后补救镇痛例数和不良反应明显增多术者和患者满意度显著降低(均P<0.05);与T0时比较,G组T1~T4时MAP明显降低,P组T2~T4时HR明显降低差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论超声引导下胸椎旁神经阻滞后联合静脉泵注右美托咪定能够满足肝脏射频消融手术镇痛镇静需求,且便于麻醉管理、不良反应少术者和患者满意度高。     

右美托咪定对高血压病患者腰硬联合麻醉的镇静效应及血流动力学的影响

目的观察右美托咪定对高血压病患者腰硬联合麻醉的镇静效应及血流动力学的影响。方法将60例拟行腰硬联合麻醉的高血压病患者分为对照组、右美托咪定组和丙泊酚组,每组20例。记录麻醉前(T0)、腰硬联合麻醉开始后(T1)及用药后5(T2)、15(T3)、30(T4)、60 min(T5)时警觉/镇静(OAA/S)评分及收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)、呼吸率(RR)和动脉血氧饱和度(SpO2)。结果 T0、T1时3组OAA/S评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组各时点OAA/S评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。T2～T5时右美托咪定组和丙泊酚组OAA/S评分显著低于T0时(P<0.05),右美托咪定组T3～T5时及丙泊酚组T2～T5时OAA/S评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。3组患者T0和T1时SBP、DBP、HR、RR及SpO2比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。丙泊酚组T3～T5时SBP和HR及T4～T5时DBP和RR显著低于T0时(P<0.05)。右美托咪定组T3～T5时HR显著低于T0时(P<0.05)。丙泊酚组T5时HR及T4～T5时RR显著低于对照组(P<0.05),T4～T5时丙泊酚组SBP显著低于对照组和右美托咪定组(P<0.05)。结论高血压病患者腰硬联合麻醉期间应用右美托咪定可获得满意的镇静效果,并能保持血流动力学平稳。     

右美托咪啶在臂丛神经阻滞麻醉上肢手术中的应用

目的观察术中持续泵注右美托咪啶在臂丛神经阻滞麻醉上肢手术中的应用效果。方法 40例择期行上肢手术患者分为右美托咪啶组和对照组。臂丛神经阻滞后10 min,右美托咪啶组患者静脉泵入右美托咪啶,对照组患者泵入生理盐水。记录麻醉前(T0)、臂丛神经阻滞后10 min(T1)、静脉给药后5(T2)、10(T3)、30(T4)、60 min(T5)及手术结束时(T6)患者的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)和动脉血氧饱和度(SpO2),并观察患者术中不良反应发生率,术后评估患者的麻醉满意度。结果 T0～T2时,2组患者MAP、HR及SpO2比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);T3～T6时,右美托咪啶组患者MAP和HR显著低于对照组(P<0.05),但2组患者SpO2比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);右美托咪啶组T3～T6时患者MAP和HR显著低于T0时(P<0.05),对照组T3～T6时患者MAP和HR与T0时比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);T0～T6时,2组患者SpO2比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。右美托咪啶组患者满意度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。2组患者术中、术后均未出现恶心、呕吐等不良反应。结论在臂丛神经阻滞麻醉中持续泵注右美托咪啶,镇静镇痛效果更好,安全性高,患者术后满意度高。     

右美托咪定复合椎旁阻滞在老年食管癌快速康复外科中的应用

目的观察右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因胸椎旁神经阻滞在老年食管手术快速康复中应用的安全性及有效性。方法选择左侧开胸食管癌老年患者60例,随机分为R、D两组。两组均采用全身麻醉+椎旁阻滞,并留置导管,R组注入椎旁间隙0.5%罗哌卡因15 ml,D组注入椎旁间隙0.1μg/kg右美托咪定+0.5%罗哌卡因15 ml。观察并记录注药前(T0)、气管插管时、切皮时、手术开始30 min、1 h、结束即刻(T1～T5)的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)变化;记录术中瑞芬太尼及血管活性药物的使用情况及追加吗啡镇痛次数、恶心呕吐及患者镇痛满意度等。结果于T0时,MAP、BP两组患者的比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),T1～T3时D组MAP明显增高、HR明显增快,比较差异有统计学意义(P 0.05),D组术中瑞芬太尼及血管活性药物使用量少于R组,比较差异有统计学意义(P 0.05),D组患者术后追加吗啡次数、恶心呕吐均少于R组,比较差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论右美托咪定+罗哌卡因胸椎旁神经阻滞可安全用于单侧开胸食管癌手术,较单独使用0.5%罗哌卡因有明显优势。     

右美托咪定在颈丛神经阻滞甲状腺手术中的应用

目的 探讨右美托咪定辅助颈神经阻滞行甲状腺手术的可行性.方法 40例甲状腺手术患者随机分为两组,C组20例,注射0.375%罗哌卡因行颈神经阻滞;D组20例,0.5 μg/kg右美托咪定加入0.375%罗哌卡因中行颈神经阻滞.记录麻醉前(T0)、阻滞完毕后15 min(T1)、切皮即刻(T2)、分离甲状腺上极(T3)、术毕(T4)时 MAP、HR、SpO2、RR及Ramsay评分,阻滞起效时间、麻醉效果和持续时间.结果 与T0比较,C组T1～T4时MAP、HR显著升高(P＜0.05);T1～T4时刻D组Ramsay评分高于C组(P＜0.05);D组麻醉效果优于C组,镇痛药用量更少,麻醉起效时间和阻滞时间更佳(P＜0.05).结论 局麻药中加入右美托咪定可缩短颈神经丛麻醉起效时间,改善麻醉效果,延长痛觉神经阻滞的持续时间,并有助于维持麻醉期间血流动力学的稳定.     

右美托咪定对阑尾炎患者腰硬联合麻醉的镇静效应

目的 观察右美托咪定用于腰硬联合麻醉下阑尾切除术患者的术中镇静效果.方法 选择腰硬联合麻醉下行阑尾切除术的患者60例,ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级,所有患者随机分为2组,观察组右美托咪定组(D组)和对照组咪达唑仑组(M组),每组30例.D组给予负荷剂量的右美托咪定1.0mg/kg,然后以0.5mg/kg/h的剂量维持;M组给予0.06mg/kg咪达唑仑.监测麻醉前(T0)、腰麻后即刻(T1)、用药后10分钟(T2)、30分钟(T3)、60分钟(T4)的心率、平均动脉压、SpO2以及镇静程度的变化.结果 D组与M组的镇静评分在T2、T3、T4与用药前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在T2-T4时间点,D组与M组的平均动脉压和心率较用药前均有下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),D组的平均动脉压和心率显著低于M组(P<0.05);两组在各时间点的SpO2差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 右美托咪定可以用于腰硬联合麻醉的阑尾切除术中,能产生较好的镇静效果.     

盐酸右美托咪定联合瑞芬太尼清醒镇静对区域阻滞手术中呼吸功能的影响

目的:本研究拟通过右美托咪定联合瑞芬太尼清醒镇静应用于区域,阻滞手术中,观察其对呼吸功能的影响,评价其安全性。方法:选择40例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期拟在区域麻醉下行骨科手术的患者,随机分为两组瑞芬太尼联合力月西M组(20例)、瑞太尼联合右美托咪定D组(20例),患者区域麻醉,麻醉效果出现后,M组:给予力月西0.05～0.1 mg/kg,瑞芬太尼0.05～0.1μg/(kg·min)连续输注,D组:给予右美托咪定0.8μg/kg负荷剂量10 min内输入,后以0.3～0.6μg/(kg·h)的输注速度持续静脉注射,瑞芬太尼0.05～0.1μg/kg·min连续输注,输注过程中调整输注速度使患者OAA/S评分达3分;分别记录输注药物前(T1)、输注药物后10 min(T2)、20 min(T3)、30 min(T4)、停止输注时(T5)时点的SpO2、RR和呼吸抑制的发生率,药物停止输注后观察直至OAA/S评分为5分后送回病房。结果:两组患者的SpO2在各时点组间、组内比较无统计学差别(P>0.05),两组患者的呼吸频率从T2时点较T1开始降低,但只有在M组中的RR的T2、T3时点较T1有显著意义的降低(P<0.05)。结论:在区域麻醉下行骨科手术过程中,应用右美托咪定复合瑞芬太尼具有良好的清醒镇静作用,呼吸功能比较稳定。     

右美托咪啶辅助臂丛神经阻滞镇静效果的观察

目的:观察右美托咪啶辅助臂丛神经阻滞中的镇静效果。方法:选择臂丛神经阻滞择期手术患者50例,随机分为两组。D组为右美托咪啶组(25例),F组为氟芬合剂组(25例)。观察并记录两组在臂丛神经阻滞前(T0),切皮即时(T1),手术15 min(T2),手术30 min(T3),术毕(T4)各时点的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)、Ramsay分值。结果:D组患者在使用右美托咪啶后血压、心率平稳,与F组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);SpO2两组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);D组Ramsay评分较F组高(P<0.05),镇静效果好。结论:右美托咪啶辅助臂丛神经阻滞中镇静效果好,呼吸抑制轻,是理想的辅助镇静剂。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.