凡士林纱垫预防俯卧位手术患者头面部皮肤损伤效果观察

目的 探讨凡士林纱垫预防全麻俯卧位手术患者头面部皮肤损伤的效果.方法 将100例全麻俯卧住手术的患者随机分成观察组和对照组各50例,对照组在头面部受压处垫棉垫保护,观察组采用自制凡士林纱垫.结果 观察组预防皮肤损伤的效果显著优于对照组(P<0.01).结论 使用凡士林纱垫预防全麻俯卧位手术患者头面部皮肤损伤效果好,能减轻患者的痛苦.     

全麻俯卧位头部支撑装置的设计与应用

目的 探讨预防全麻俯卧位手术中头部压力性损伤的有效方法。方法 自行研制全麻俯卧位头部支撑装置，应用于3 515例脊柱外科手术患者（观察组），并与术中应用常规凝胶啫喱垫的3 604例患者（对照组）进行术中压力性损伤发生率的比较。结果 观察组术中压力性损伤发生率显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 俯卧位手术患者使用全麻俯卧位头部支撑装置有利于降低术中压力性损伤发生率。     

压力传感器用于预防老年俯卧位手术患者压疮的效果

目的观察压力传感器在预防老年俯卧位手术患者术中面部压疮的应用效果,以降低术中体位性压疮的发生。方法将行全麻俯卧位脊柱后路手术的老年患者200例随机分为对照组和观察组,每组100例。两组按常规方法摆放手术体位,使用马鞍形硅胶头托固定头颈部,对照组巡回护士根据临床经验,每30分钟转换头部受压部位1次。观察组马鞍形硅胶头托内放置压力传感器,巡回护士根据计算机显示高数值部位,每30分钟转换头部受压部位。结果术后不同时间观察组面部皮肤受损程度显著低于对照组(均P0.01)。术后0.5h,观察组仅2例处于Ⅰ级皮肤损伤,而对照组仍有12例处于Ⅰ级皮肤损伤,1例处于Ⅱ级皮肤损伤,且术后12h有2例皮肤损伤由Ⅰ级进展到Ⅱ级。结论使用压力传感器可有效降低俯卧位手术老年患者面部皮肤压疮的发生,对于老年患者面部皮肤及器官的保护具有积极意义。     

水胶体减压贴预防俯卧位手术患者面部压疮效果观察

目的 观察水胶体减压贴在俯卧位手术患者面部压疮预防中的应用效果.方法 将398例在骨科手术室行俯卧位手术患者随机分为观察组和对照组各199例.对照组前额、颧弓、下颌等受压处与头托之间垫10 cm×15 cm×2 cm棉垫;观察组采用水胶体减压贴,使用时根据各部位大小裁剪后垫于患者前额、颧弓、下颌等受压处.结果 两组患者...     

头高足低俯卧位对脊柱侧弯矫治手术患者眼压的影响

目的预防俯卧位脊柱侧弯矫治手术患者球结膜水肿。方法将86例脊柱侧弯矫治手术患者按手术时间先后排序分为两组各43例,对照组采用常规俯卧位手术,观察组在常规俯卧位基础上适时采用头高足低俯卧位。观察两组手术不同时间的眼压及术后球结膜水肿发生率。结果两组术前眼压比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);手术不同时间眼压比较,干预主效应、时间主效应和交互效应均P0.05;手术结束时观察组球结膜水肿发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论适时采用头高脚低俯卧位可有效缓解脊柱侧弯矫治手术患者术中眼压升高,预防球结膜水肿的发生。     

共用净化空调对手术室空气环境的影响

对57例俯卧位脊柱手术患者进行术中眼部预防护理，包括加强术前宣教、术中选择合适的体位垫、正确摆放体位、使用反光镜观察病情、定时对面部支撑点的皮肤进行按摩。结果57例患者术中均未发生颜面部、眼部周围皮肤压疮及眼部并发症。术后观察随访1周，手术切口均Ⅰ期愈合。提出重视并做好俯卧位手术患者眼部防护可有效预防眼部并发症发生。     

攀岩式体位用于清醒俯卧位患者效果观察

目的 提高清醒患者俯卧位耐受性和通气治疗效果。方法 将75例普通型新型冠状病毒肺炎患者随机分为对照组39例、观察组36例；在常规治疗的基础上对照组给予常规俯卧位，观察组给予攀岩式俯卧位。连续1周后评价效果。结果 观察组第2个及第7个24 h俯卧位时间及总时间显著长于对照组，俯卧位48 h氧合指数显著高于对照组，俯卧位24 h颈腰部酸痛发生率显著低于对照组(均P<0.05),未发生压力性损伤。结论 与常规俯卧位通气方式比较，清醒患者对攀岩式俯卧位耐受性更好，早期治疗效果明显、安全。     

尺神经保护垫在平卧位心脏直视手术患者中的应用

目的探讨使用自制尺神经保护垫避免平卧位心脏直视手术患者尺神经损伤,提高术后上肢舒适度的效果。方法选择90例全身麻醉后行平卧位心脏直视手术患者,随机分为观察组和对照组各45例。观察组采用尺神经保护垫托起患者双上肢,对照组采用布类敷料安置患者双上肢,观察两组患者术后尺神经损伤症状及上肢舒适度。结果观察组术后未发生神经损伤,而对照组发生5例;患者上肢舒适度显著优于对照组(P0.01)。结论尺神经保护垫可避免平卧位心脏直视手术患者术后尺神经损伤,提高患者上肢舒适度。     

多功能特制病床在视网膜复位术后体位护理中的应用

目的 减轻视网膜复位术后采用面向下体位患者的痛苦,延长体位维持时间,减少并发症的发生.方法 将360例视网膜复位术后需采用面向下体位的患者随机分为对照组与观察组各180例.对照组术后俯卧于普通病床头面部垫气垫圈.观察组俯卧于自制多功能特制病床,双眼、口鼻悬空于床孔,身体俯卧于高弹海绵床垫.结果 观察组一次维持卧位时间及...     

俯卧位脊柱手术患者眼部并发症的预防护理

对57例俯卧位脊柱手术患者进行术中眼部预防护理,包括加强术前宣教、术中选择合适的体位垫、正确摆放体位、使用反光镜观察病情、定时对面部支撑点的皮肤进行按摩.结果57例患者术中均未发生颜面部、眼部周围皮肤压疮及眼部并发症.术后观察随访1周,手术切口均Ⅰ期愈合.提出重视并做好俯卧位手术患者眼部防护可有效预防眼部并发症发生.     

Hazards and complications of endoscopic transurethral ureterolithotripsy and lithoextraction and means of prevention

Complications related to ureterolithotomy and ultrasonic ureterolithotripsy performed under the control of visual endoscope were analyzed in 86 ureterolithiasis patients, methods of their prevention discussed. All the aforementioned complications were distributed into three groups: inapplicability of surgery due to anatomic and functional defects of lower and upper urinary tracts, intraoperative, and postoperative complications. The commonest ones were ureteral abruption and perforation, acute pyelonephritis, temporary vesicoureteral reflux. Their control measures were considered as relative methods of treatment: immediate surgical intervention in case of ureteral abruption, renal catheterization in patients with insignificant ureteral perforation or acute pyelonephritis. Adequate ureteroscopy, careful consideration of pro- and contraindications, catheterization of renal pelvis and urinary bladder performed within 2-3 days after the surgery and adequate antibacterial therapy are the most decisive steps in the control of aforementioned complications.     

牙体牙弓颌骨阻力中心及其临床意义

牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心在正畸矫治力系统中具有重要的意义,也是正畸学领域争论较多的一个问题。Dermaut等研究表明,当力作用于物体阻力中心时,物体将发生平动,否则将发生平动和转动的复合运动。目前,国内外多数学者认为牙体、牙弓及颌骨存在阻力中心,但其位置存在争议。本文就牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心及其临床意义作一综述。     

Characterisation and differentiation of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas - presence and expression of collagen types I and II

AIM: Chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas are rare benign skeletal neoplasms with reported overlapping histology. Aim of this study was to analyse the biochemical composition of the matrix of these tumour entities in order to further characterise the cellular phenotypes of these neoplasms using typical cell biological marker genes. METHODS: The matrix compositions of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas were analyzed by HE-histology, histochemistry, and immunolocalization techniques. Cellular gene expression patterns were detected by mRNA in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Chondroblastomas are rich in collagen type I and show foci of an osteoid-like matrix, whereas collagen type II as a typical marker of chondrocytic differentiation was not detected in any of the specimens. Chondromyxoidfiibromas had foci of chondroid appearance with chondroblastic cellular differentiation characterised by collagen type II expression. CONCLUSION: These results characterise chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas as skeletal neoplasms that have a different biology and which can be distinguished by matrix protein expression products: collagen type II, the typical marker of chondroblast differentiation, could only be detected in chondromyxoidfibromas, but not in chondroblastomas. Thus, both neoplasms are clearly different on the cell biological level.     

Histochemical and contractile properties of striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of dogs and sheep

AIMS: To understand their possible importance in long- and short-term control of continence, some properties of the striated muscles of the urethra and pelvic floor (levator ani) of dogs and sheep were investigated, especially fiber types and contractile characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of 29 male and 6 female dogs and 11 male and 6 female sheep were removed and cut into strips. Some strips were frozen and stained for ATPase at pH 9.4 and 4.3 for fiber typing; others were set up in an organ bath to study contractile responses to nerve stimulation. RESULTS: All muscles contained both type I (slow) and type II fibers, ranging from 97% type II in female greyhound urethra to 60% in female sheep levator ani. For each muscle, there were fewer type II muscles in sheep than in dog. The diameters of the urethral fibers were about 60% of the levator ani in dogs and 34% in sheep. Contraction of the urethral muscle was faster than for levator ani and declined to about 80% of the peak, 500 msec after the beginning of stimulation at 20 Hz. The levator ani contraction rose to a steady level as long as stimulation continued. CONCLUSIONS: Both the levator ani and urethral striated muscles contain slow and fast fiber types. The levator ani muscles are capable of sustained contraction with rapid onset which will produce long-term closure of the urethra. The circular urethral muscle contraction was faster but less well maintained.     

Incorporation and release of85Sr and14C-proline-hydroxyproline in mineral and collagen of bone and incisor teeth of growing rats

The extent to which exchange and reutilization processes of mineral tracers affect skeletal mineral accretion and resorption measurements was evaluated by comparing the rates of appearance and disappearance of⁸⁵Sr and¹⁴C-proline-hydroxyproline in bones and teeth in growing rats for 12 days following simultaneous parenteral injection of these tracers. Expressions for the relative rates of collagen synthesis and breakdown, which unlike mineral metabolism are considered not to be complicated by exchange phenomena, were based on¹⁴C-proline conversion to¹⁴C-hydroxyproline; the specific activity of the latter was determined. Both the mineral and the collagen specific activities reflected the rates and patterns of growth of the samples assayed; rapid growth and a short interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue in themetaphyseal bone which contains the cartilagineous growth plate, slow growth and an interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue indiaphyseal bone and incisor teeth which is longer than the 12 days of the experiment. However, in metaphyseal bone the specific activity collagen/mineral ratio dropped by one half during the 4–12 day interval in contrast to diaphyseal bone and incisor teeth in which no change in this ratio was observed during this period of time. The data indicate that collagen in the metaphyseal growth zone is removed by resorption before it has become fully mineralized, and that exchange is a relatively unimportant factor in the long term kinetics of bone mineral.

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Zusammenfassung Das Ausmaß, bis zu welchem Austausch- und Wiederverwendungsprozesse der mineralen Tracer die Messungen des mineralen Skelett-Auf- und Abbaues beeinflussen können, wurde ausgewertet; zu diesem Zweck wurde die Geschwindigkeit des Auftretens und Verschwindens von⁸⁵Sr und von¹⁴C-Prolin-Hydroxyprolin in Knochen und Zähnen von wachsenden Ratten während der 12 auf die simultane parenterale Injektion dieser Tracer folgenden Tage verglichen.Der Ausdruck für die relative Geschwindigkeit des Kollagen-Auf- und Abbaues, bei welchem im Gegensatz zum Mineralmetabolismus kein Mitwirken des Austauschphänomens vermutet wird, basiert auf der Umwandlung von¹⁴C-Prolin zu¹⁴C-Hydroxyprolin; die spezifische Aktivität des letzteren wurde bestimmt.Aus der spezifischen Aktivität des Minerals sowie jener des Kollagens konnten die Geschwindigkeit und die Art des Wachstums der untersuchten Proben ersehen werden, d.h.schnelles Wachstum und ein kurzes Zeitintervall zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Metaphyse, die auch die knorpelige Wachstumsplatte enthält, und andererseitslangsames Wachstum und längeres Zeitintervall (länger als die 12 Tage des Experimentes) zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Diaphyse und in den Schneidezähnen. Immerhin fiel die spezifische Aktivität des Kollagen/Mineral-Anteils im Knochen der Metaphyse während dem 4–12tägigen Zeitintervall auf die Hälfte, im Gegensatz zum Knochen der Diaphyse und der Schneidezähne, bei welchen während dieser Zeitspanne kein Unterschied in diesem Verhältnis beobachtet wurde.Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Kollagen in der Wachstumszone der Metaphyse durch Resorption verschwindet, bevor es ganz mineralisiert ist, und daß der Austausch ein relativ unwichtiger Faktor in der Kinetik auf lange Sicht des Knochenminerals ist.