致心律失常性右心室心肌病的心电图特征

目的探讨国人致心律失常性右心室心肌病患者临床心电图特征。方法分析32例致心律失常性右心室心肌病患者体表心电图各项参数。结果心电图记录到Epsilon波12例,QRS时间（V1＋V2＋V3）／（V4＋V5＋V6）≥1.2共15例,终末激动时间延长17例,出现QRS波群碎裂23例,可见异常Q波8例,V1～V3T波倒置且不存在束支传导阻滞14例,完全性右束支传导阻滞3例,不完全性右束支传导阻滞1例。28例记录到室性心动过速。结论Epsilon波、QRS时间（V1＋V2＋V3）／（V4＋V5＋V6）≥1.2、终末激动时间延长≥55ms及QRS波群碎裂是致心律失常性右心室心肌病特征性的体表心电图改变。     

致心律失常性右心室心肌病右胸导联QRS时间延长的临床意义

目的探讨致心律失常性右心室心肌病右胸导联QRS时间延长的临床意义。方法收集致心律失常性右心室心肌病25例,分析临床和常规体表心电图特征,测量QRS时间、Q-T间期等各项参数,计算右胸导联(V1～V3)和左胸导联(V4～V6)QRS时间的平均值及两者之比。结果25例致心律失常性右心室心肌病病例的年龄(37.1±15.0)岁,其中男性12例,女性13例。常规心电图中Epsilon波阳性(第1组)11例(44.0%),其中63.6%(7/11)见于V1～V3导联;Epsilon波阴性14例(第2组)。所有患者的平均QRS离散度为36.3±27.2ms,Q-T离散度为57.2±27.1ms。平均QRS时间右胸导联[QRS1=(V1+V2+V3)/3]为0.13±0.03s,而左胸导联[QRS2=(V4+V5+V6)/3]为0.11±0.02s,差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。QRS1/QRS2值为1.0～1.9,其中16例(61.5%)≥1.2。发生晕厥第1组8例(72.7%),而第2组4例(28.6%)(P<0.05)。两组的QRS1分别为0.14±0.04s、0.13±0.02s,QRS2分别为0.12±0.03s和0.11±.017s,QRS1/QRS2值为1.22±0.26和1.21±0.13,差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论右胸导联平均QRS时间延长有助于诊断致心律失常性右心室心肌病,但能否作为致心律失常性右心室心肌病预后的不良因素尚须进一步研究。     

致心律失常右心室心肌病心电图特征波新认识——附罕见粗大Epsilon波二例

致心律失常性右心室心肌病(ARVD)是主要累及右心室的非缺血性心肌病.90%的ARVD患者存在心电图异常,其中最常见的心电图改变为V1～V3导联T波倒置,大约25%～35%的患者存在特征性的Epsilon波.     

致心律失常右心室心肌病心电图特征波新认识——附罕见粗大Epsilon波二例

致心律失常性右心室心肌病(ARVD)是主要累及右心室的非缺血性心肌病.90%的ARVD患者存在心电图异常,其中最常见的心电图改变为V1～V3导联T波倒置,大约25%～35%的患者存在特征性的Epsilon波.     

致心律失常右心室心肌病心电图特征波新认识——附罕见粗大Epsilon波二例

致心律失常性右心室心肌病(ARVD)是主要累及右心室的非缺血性心肌病.90%的ARVD患者存在心电图异常,其中最常见的心电图改变为V1～V3导联T波倒置,大约25%～35%的患者存在特征性的Epsilon波.     

心室起搏快-慢型房室反复搏动1例

患者男，61岁，致心律失常性右心室心肌病，慢性肾功衰竭，VVI起搏1月余。心电图特征：各导联未见P波，起搏脉冲信号后可见宽大畸形的QRS波，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF、V1～V6导联主波向下，Ⅰ、aVL导联主波向上，为心室起搏心律，起搏电极信号右心室心尖部，第2、4号起搏QRS波后均可见一逆行P^-波及随之而来的QRS波，其ST段普遍下降及T波倒置。     

8例ARVC患者心电图表现及分析

目的 探讨心电图对致心律失常性右室心肌病（ARVC）的早期诊断价值.方法 选择8例于我院经心电图初诊为ARVC,其后根据2009年欧洲心律失常学会新修订诊断标准确诊的患者,对其心电图表现进行回顾性分析.结果 8例在无右心衰竭情况下,心电图均以起源于右心室的室性心律失常为主要表现,并有右胸导联T波倒置、Epsilon波、QRS时程≥120 ms等特征性表现.结论 心电图对ARVC早期筛查具有重要价值,且具有方便、快捷的优点.     

致心律失常性右室心肌病1例

患者,男,47岁。因反复心悸、胸闷20余年,加重半年入院。心电图QRSV1呈rSr型,可见Epsilon波,TV1～V3倒置。动态心电图单个室性期前收缩600次,形态均为左束支阻滞图形。超声心电图示右心室扩大,右心室壁变薄,右室壁运动幅度减弱,右心室小梁小房形成。符合致心律失常性右心室心肌病诊断标准。     

诊断ARVC的心电图新标准(59)

致心律失常性右室心肌病(ARVC)是一种进行性右室心肌被纤维或脂肪组织替代的一种遗传性疾病。近时,Rodriguez在心律失常杂志发表"致心律失常性右室心肌病心电图诊断新标准"一文并提出,对高度怀疑ARVC但不符合1994年诊断标准者,可应用新的心电图诊断标准而能提高ARVC的诊断率。适应证:诊断或怀疑ARVC的患者。方法:在V1~V3导联,测量QRS波的S波最低点到QRS波结束点之间的间期(图1)。     

致心律失常性右心室心肌病的心电生理特征

致心律失常性右心室心肌病（ARVD）原名致心律失常性右心室发育不良，是以右心室结构异常伴反复室性心律失常的心肌病，亦是青年人猝死的原因之一。1995年由WHO正式命名，并列为心肌病的第4种类型[1]。本文报告10例致心律失常性右心室心肌病的心电生理特征。临床和心电图资料10例患者（表1）9例来自李惠利医院，1例来自浙江省人民医院，均符合诊断标准[2]。其中男性9例，女性1例，年龄39.4±15.67岁。超声心动描记术示8例患者右心室弥漫性扩大，6例右心室流出道增宽，3例右心室游离壁厚薄不均。多数以室性心动过速为首发表现。9例于发作…     

致心律失常性右室心肌病的临床特点和心电图分析

目的:探讨致心律失常性右室心肌病(ARVC)患者临床特点和心电图分析.方法:对20例ARVC患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,分析ARVC患者临床表现及心电图表现.结果:20例ARVC患者中表现为心律失常者11例(55%),右心衰竭者8例(40%),无症状者1例(5%).心电图有9例(45%)在V1～3导出现Epsilon...     

36例致心律失常性右室心肌病的心电图特征和临床观察

目的探讨致心律失常性右室心肌病(ARVC)的心电图特征和临床表现。方法回顾分析符合欧洲心脏病协会ARVC诊断标准的36例患者的心电图参数、临床表现、超声心动图、腔内电生理检查等临床资料。结果36例中男26例、女10例,年龄37±13岁;33例表现为心悸、胸闷,11例同时伴有晕厥,2例有家族性猝死史。心电图研究发现10例(28%)出现Epsilon波,29例(81%)右胸(V1～V3)导联QRS波时限≥110ms;在29例无右束支传导阻滞的患者中,右胸导联分别有16例(55%)出现T波倒置、18例(62%)出现S波升支时间≥55ms;17例(47%)QRSd1/QRSd2(V1～V3导联与V4～V6导联QRS波时间平均值之比)≥1.2;24例(67%)出现室壁阻滞;27例(75%)记录到持续性或非持续性室性心动过速。29例超声心动图表现为严重的右室受累。25例行腔内电生理检查,20例诱发出右室起源的室性心动过速,即刻射频消融成功11例。结论ARVC好发于青年男性,是引起晕厥、室性心律失常和室壁运动异常的重要原因,Epsilon波、右胸导联QRS波时限≥110ms与T波倒置、右室起源的室性心律失常为其特征性的心电图改变,QRSd1/QRSd2≥1.2、室壁阻滞、右胸导联S波升支时间≥55ms有助于该病的诊断,经导管射频消融治疗室性心动过速成功率低。     

31例致心律失常性右室心肌病的临床研究

目的对致心律失常性右室心肌病（ARVC）作回顾性临床分析。方法根据1994年欧洲心脏病协会的诊断标准选择确诊ARVC患者31例,分析临床表现、心电学特征及治疗方式,随访疗效。结果31例中男性27例,女性4例,首次确诊年龄为19～58（34．7±9．4）岁。28例（90．3％）临床症状为心悸、头晕,13例（41．9％）具有晕厥史,3例（9．7％）以晕厥为首发症状,1例有猝死家族史。超声心动图和（或）核磁共振检查,29例表现为右心室扩大,其中2例合并左心室扩大。静息心电图表现为不同程度的T波倒置,主要发生在胸前导联;17例（54．8％）可见e~ilon（8）波;26例（83．9％）平均QRS时程≥110ms,右胸导联QRS时程大于左胸导联,平均QRS波在V1-3和V4-5导联分别为（120．8±13．7）ms和（99．4±13．7）ms（P〈0．05）;肢体导联低电压和Ⅰ度房室传导阻滞分别为13例（41．9％）和7例（22．6％）。在31例患者中均记录到持续性室性心动过速（VT）,其中15例（48．4％）为单形性,16例（51．6％）为多形性。经导管射频消融治疗者14例,即刻成功11例（78．6％）,随访（18．3±10．2）个月,6例VT复发（54．5％）;药物治疗17例,其中7例在置人心脏除颤器情况下用药,随访（35．6±19．0）个月,11例VT复发（64．7％）,1例猝死。结论ARVC青、中年起病,胸前导联T波倒置、ε波、V1-3导联平均QRS时程≥110in8是其特征性心电图表现,经导管射频消融远期复发率高,药物预防远期效果不佳,心脏除颤器是值得选择的防治措施。     

心电图评价致心律失常性右心室心肌病病变程度的临床价值

目的 分析致心律失常性右心室心肌病(ARVC)患者的病变程度与心电图表现之间的关系.方法 分析61例已确诊的ARVC患者,根据心脏核磁共振成像(MRI)检查结果,将其按病变侵犯部位分为右心室局部病变组、右心室弥漫病变组、双心室病变组,分析比较三组的心电图特征.结果 心脏MRI结果显示右心室局部病变组19例(31%),右心室弥漫病变组28例(46%),双心室病变组14例(23%).心电图正常者3例,三组中各1例.伴有Epsilon波的患者24例(39%)、V1～V3导联的QRS波时限≥110 ms的患者21例(34%)、V1～V3导联S波升支≥55 ms的患者17例(28%)、完全右束支传导阻滞的患者10例(16%)、病理性Q波的患者9例(15%),这些指标的发生率均随病变程度的加重而增高(右心室局部病变组＜右心室弥漫病变组＜双心室病变组).Epsilon波、V1～V3导联的QRS波时限≥110 ms、完全性右束支传导阻滞(RBBB)、病理性Q波的发生率在双心室病变组中要高于右心室局部病变组,且两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).V1～V3导联S波升支≥55 ms的发生率在双心室病变组中要高于右心室局部病变组,且两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);在双心室病变组要高于右心室弥漫病变组,且两组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).一度房室传导阻滞的发生率在双心室病变组中要高于右心室弥漫病变组,且两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).右心室局部病变组患者心电图T波倒置多局限于V1导联,右心室弥漫病变组和双心室病变组T波倒置多数表现于胸前导联V1～V3或超过V3导联的胸前导联、以及下壁导联.结论 心电图正常并不能排除ARVC.ARVC患者T波倒置在12导联心电图上具有很高的发生率,并且T波倒置在胸部导联的延伸与病变程度是相关的,T波倒置的范围可以提示ARVC病变累及的程度.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the relationship between electrocardiographic (ECG) features and disease severity in patients with the arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Method The study group consisted of 61 subjects with a definite diagnosis of ARVC on the basis of published guideline criteria and patients were divided into 3 subgroups according to the extent of diseased myocardium defined by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Group A: local involvement (n = 19, 31% ), Group B: diffuse involvement of whole right ventricle ( n = 28, 46% ) and Group C: involvement of both right and left ventricles ( n = 14, 23% ). Results Normal electrocardiogram was shown in 1 patient in each group.Epsilon wave was detected in 24 (39%) patients, QRS duration was prolonged [≥ 110 ms( V1 -V3 )] in 21 (34%) patients, S-wave upstroke was prolonged (≥55 ms) in 17 (28%) patients, complete right branch bundle block was evidenced in 10 ( 16% ) patients and pathologic Q waves was found in 9 ( 15% ) patients. The incidence of above abnormal ECG changes was increased in proportion to the degree of disease severity (group A ＜ group B ＜ group C). Incidence of Epsilon wave and prolonged QRS duration [≥ 110 ms (V1 - V3 )] were significantly higher in Group C than in Group A. Incidence of prolonged S-wave upstroke ( ≥55 ms) was significantly higher in Group C than in Group A and Group B. T-wave inversion in V1 leads was often found in Group A. T-wave inversion in inferior leads ( V1 - V3 leads or beyond V3 ) was often presented in Group B and Group C. Conclusions Normal ECG does not exclude the possibility of diagnosis of ARVC. The extent of T-wave inversion in the precordial leads and incidence of Epsilon wave, prolonged QRS duration [≥ 110 ms (Vt -V3 )] and prolonged S-wave upstroke ( ≥55 ms) were related to degree of disease severity in patients with ARVC.     

Electrocardiographic (ECG) clues to differentiate idiopathic right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia (RVOTT) from arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC)

Introduction

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D) is a genetic cardiomyopathy that most commonly affects young adults. The most commonly observed reason of death in patients suffering from ARVC/D is sudden cardiac death (SCD). On the other hand, idiopathic right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia (RVOT VT) usually has a benign course. Both of the entities may have ventricular tachycardia (VT) with left bundle branch block (LBBB) pattern and inferior axis. We tried to propose new discriminating electrocardiographic indices for differentiation of foretold entities.

Material and method

This was a retrospective study. We reviewed records of patients admitted between 2003 and 2012 with the diagnosis of either ARVC/D or RVOT VT that presented with VT (LBBB morphology).

Result

A total of fifty nine patients (30 RVOT VT and 29 ARVC/D) were enrolled. In ARVC/D group, men were dominant while the reverse was true of RVOT VT. Palpitation was more common in the RVOT VT group (90% vs. 66.7%), but aborted SCD and sustained VT were more common in ARVC/D group. The new ECG criteria proposed by us mean QRS duration in V1–V3, QRS difference in right and left precordial leads, S wave upstroke duration, JT interval dispersion, QRS and JT interval of right to left precordial leads were all significantly longer in ARVC/D when compared to RVOT VT patients (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The proposed ECG criteria can be used for non-invasive diagnosis of ARVC/D and incorporation in the future updates of ARVC/D task force criteria.     

Clinical profile and long-term follow-up of 37 families with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

OBJECTIVES

We sought to define the clinical picture and natural history of familial arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC).

BACKGROUND

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is a myocardial disease, often familial, clinically characterized by the impending risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death.

METHODS

Thirty-seven ARVC families of northeast Italy were studied. Probands had a histologic diagnosis of ARVC, either at autopsy (19 families) or endomyocardial biopsy (18 families). Protocol of the investigation included basal electrocardiogram (ECG), 24-hour ECG, signal-averaged ECG, stress test and two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography. Invasive evaluation was performed when deemed necessary.

RESULTS

Of the 365 subjects, 151 (41%) were affected, 157 (43%) were unaffected, 17 (5%) were healthy carriers, and 40 (11%) were uncertain. Mean age at diagnosis was 31 ± 13 years. By echocardiography, 64% had mild, 30% had moderate, and 6% had severe form. Forty percent had ventricular arrhythmias, 49 were treated with antiarrhythmic drugs, and two were treated with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Sport activity was restricted in all. Of the 28 families who underwent linkage analysis, 6 mapped to chromosome 14q23-q24, 4 to 1q42-q43, and 4 to 2q32.1-q32.3. No linkage with known loci was found in four families and 10 had uninformative results. During a follow-up of 8.5 ± 4.6 years, one patient died (0.08 patient/year mortality), and 15 developed an overt form of ARVC.

CONCLUSIONS

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is a progressive disease appearing during adolescence and early adulthood. Systematic evaluation of family members leads to early identification of ARVC, characterized by a broad clinical spectrum with a favorable outcome. In the setting of positive family history, even minor ECG and echocardiographic abnormalities are diagnostic.     

家族史在致心律失常性右心室心肌病危险分层中的地位

目的 探讨家族史在致心律失常性右心室心肌病(ARVC)危险分层中的地位.方法 根据1994年ARVC诊断标准,纳入34例ARVC先证者,男性26例,女性8例,平均年龄(38±15)岁.对其家族成员行临床筛查,项目包括:(1)心电图V1～V3导联QRS≥110 ms、V1～V3导联S波升支≥55 ms、Epsilon波、T波倒置(V1～V3导联倒置)、(V1+V2+V3)/(V4+V5+V6)QRS≥1.2、V1～V3导联与V6导联QRS差值≥25 ms,QRS离散度≥40 ms,QT离散度≥65 ms;(2)动态心电图记录室性早搏≥2000个/24 h或室性心动过速(VT);(3)超声心动图记录双心房、双心室及右心室流出道、流人道内径大小.比较ARVC家族史和上述各项临床参数的关系.分类变量用Fisher检验,连续变量使用t检验.P≤0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果 34例ARVC先证者中55个家族成员接受评估,男性28例(6例诊断ARVC)、女性27例(3例诊断ARVC),平均年龄(35±16)岁.8例先证者有家庭成员受累,其中5例有左束支阻滞形室性心动过速(LBBB-VT,63%);26例先证者家庭成员无受累,其中20例有LBBB-VT(77%),P=0.649.家族史和室性心动过速的发生筹异无统计学意义.结论 家族史并不能反映ARVC的危险程度.     

Special features of right bundle branch block in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia

We searched for special features in patients with complete and incomplete right bundle branch block diagnosed as having arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia. Whether right bundle branch block is a frequent finding in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy should be studied. The question is whether special features exist such as T-wave inversions, localized right precordial QRS prolongation and r'/s ratio<1. RESULTS: ARVC could be diagnosed according to ISFC/ESC criteria in 374 patients. CRBBB was found in 22 cases (6%) and iCRBBB was present in 47 cases (12.5%). In CRBBB T wave inversions ≥ V4 was found in 10 cases (n.s.) and r'/s ratio<1 was present in 12 cases (p<0.001). In iCRBBB T wave inversions ≥ V4 was found in 10 cases (n.s.) and ST segment elevation in right precordial leads was present in 19 cases (p<0.005). In all patients with ARVC localized right precordial QRS prolongation was found. Patients with CRBBB have a bad prognosis: 17 of 22 patients developed biventricular heart failure requiring heart transplantation and diuretic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: CRBBB and iCRBBB are infrequent findings in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Complete right bundle branch block is characterized by r'/s ratio<1. There are no significant T wave inversions ≥ V4. Incomplete right bundle branch block is characterized by ST segment elevation in right precordial leads but not by T wave inversions ≥ V4.     

右心室间隔部希氏束附近室性期前收缩心电图与射频消融

目的 报道右心室流入道间隔部希氏束附近起源室性期前收缩体表心电图特征及射频消融效果。方法 无器质性心脏病频发性室性期前收缩5例,分析其12导联体表心电图室性期前收缩特点;病人接受心内电生理检查,于右心室流入道行激动与起搏标测,以心室激动较体表QRS波提早、消融导管远端起搏图形与体表心电图室性期前收缩相似部位为消融靶点。结果 室性期前收缩QRS波形态：5例病人Ⅰ导联和Ⅱ导联QRS波均呈R型,Ⅲ导联、aVF导联以低振幅波为主,V1导联均呈QS型,胸导联较早转变成qR或R型（发生于V2或V3）,V5、V6均呈高R型;室性期前收缩QRS波时限为110～120ms。5例病人分别于前间隔（2例）、中间隔（1例）、后间隔（2例）标测到消融靶点,放电后前间隔部、后间隔部病人室性期前收缩均消失,中间隔病人消融失败。无房室传导阻滞并发症。随访8～30个月,成功病例未应用抗心律失常药物,无室性期前收缩发作。结论 右心室流入道间隔部希氏束附近起源室性期前收缩体表心电图具有明显的特征,认识这些特征有助于导管标测与射频消融,消融此部位室性期前收缩安全、有效。