多种材料联合栓塞治疗食管胃底静脉曲张临床疗效分析

目的 评价经皮经肝食管胃底静脉曲张栓塞术(PTO)的临床疗效及应用价值.方法 以明胶海绵,无水乙醇和弹簧圈为栓塞剂联合栓塞治疗48例食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者.结果 48例患者食管胃底曲张静脉均超选择插管,成功栓塞.17例急性上消化道出血患者中1例因全身状况差,术后第7天再次出血死亡.33例患者术后胃镜复查显示,胃底...     

经脾穿刺插管栓塞治疗门静脉高压上消化道出血

目的 评价经脾入路栓塞治疗门静脉高压上消化道出血的临床疗效及安全性.方法 20例乙型肝炎后肝硬化患者,均出现门静脉高压性食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血.8例为右叶巨大肝癌;10例为肝癌合并门静脉癌栓,门静脉主干闭塞;2例为肝硬化并发门静脉主干血栓性闭塞.所有患者采取经脾穿刺,脾静脉插管至胃冠状静脉,用液态栓塞剂加弹簧圈栓塞曲张的食管胃底静脉.结果 18例患者手术成功,2例失败;共栓塞35支胃冠状静脉,栓塞成功患者均获有效止血,未出现并发症.结论 经脾穿刺插管栓塞治疗门静脉高压上消化道出血的方法安全有效,适合于患有巨大肝癌及(或)门静脉主干闭塞等无法采用经皮经肝入路或TIPS栓塞食管胃底静脉曲张的患者.     

超声导引下经皮穿肝胃底曲张静脉栓塞术治疗门脉高压急症消化道大出血(附12例报告)

目的　探讨超声引导下经皮穿肝胃底曲张静脉栓塞治疗肝硬化门脉高压急症上消化道出血的可行性及临床应用。方法　12例肝炎肝硬化病人均伴有不同程度的门静脉高压及消化道出血史 ,全部患者行胃镜检查均有胃底静脉曲张。超声引导下经皮穿肝至门脉造影 ,依据胃底曲张静脉的范围、数目及血流情况选择适当栓塞剂逐一栓塞胃冠状静脉、胃短静脉至再次造影时曲张静脉消失 ,栓塞前后记录门静脉压力变化。结果　 12例患者栓塞后均停止出血 ,止血率 10 0 %。无 1例严重并发症出现 ,1例患者术后 3周死于心脏功能衰竭。 1个月生存率达 92 %。结论　超声导引下经皮穿肝胃底曲张静脉栓塞术治疗肝硬化门脉高压性急性消化道出血是安全有效的方法     

经皮经肝食管胃底静脉曲张栓塞术的临床应用

目的评价经皮经肝食管胃底静脉曲张栓塞术的临床应用价值。方法肝硬化门静脉高压合并食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者30例(24例为食管静脉套扎及硬化治疗术后再次出血；6例为消化道出血未行内镜治疗者)。电视透视下取右腋中线或剑突下方穿刺进入门静脉分支。用弹簧钢圈、无水乙醇和明胶海绵栓塞食管胃底静脉。2例栓塞后门静脉内留置导管-药盒系统行区域性药物灌注治疗。结果30例患者胃冠状静脉超选择插管、栓塞全部成功。胃短静脉超选择插管栓塞成功率90％。27例患者术后得到随访，随访2～18个月。17例患者术后胃镜复查显示胃底曲张静脉完全消失者13例，明显改善者4例。2例于栓塞术后1周、2个月再出血，再次栓塞后无再出血。2例门静脉留置药盒行区域性中西药物灌注者治疗后门静脉压力分别下降10cmH2O(1cmH2O=0．098kPa)和8cmH2O。结论经皮经肝食管胃底静脉曲张栓塞术创伤小、止血效果肯定，在急诊止血方面更具优势，应该成为门静脉高压食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的常规治疗方法之一。经留置药盒行门静脉区域性中西药物灌注治疗肝硬化值得进一步探讨。     

急诊经皮经肝食管胃底静脉栓塞治疗重度肝硬化消化道出血

目的　评价经皮经肝食管胃底静脉栓塞术在重度肝硬化患者急性食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血中的应用价值。方法　 19例食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血肝硬化患者 ,肝功能评价均为ChildC级 ,行急诊经皮经肝食管胃底静脉栓塞治疗。结果　 19例门脉穿刺及曲张静脉栓塞手术均获成功。 18例即刻止血成功 ;1例无效 ,行TIPSS治疗。 1～ 12个月随访期内 ,再出血 14例 ;死亡 15例 ;4例存活。严重合并症 1例 ,为腹腔内出血 ,行开腹探查。结论　对于ChildC级肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者 ,急诊条件下经皮经肝食管胃底静脉栓塞术止血效果肯定 ,当TIPSS禁忌时 ,可为首选治疗方法     

经皮肝穿刺食管胃底静脉介入栓塞技术的探讨

目的探讨经皮肝穿刺食管胃底静脉栓塞治疗和预防肝硬化、门静脉高压食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的介入栓塞技术的临床应用。方法对48例肝硬化门静脉高压食管胃底静脉曲张患者,采用经皮肝穿刺食管胃底静脉栓塞或联合脾动脉部分栓塞术预防和控制上消化道出血。结果经皮肝穿刺食管胃底静脉栓塞手术成功率97.9%,止血率达100%。术中弹簧圈移位1例,发生以血压下降、心率减慢为特点的迷走反射4例;术后出现顽固性(胸)腹水4例,腹腔内出血导致死亡1例。术后连续随访1年:在前6个月内2例死于肝衰竭,再出血2例;在后6个月内3例失访,再出血5例。结论经皮肝穿刺食管胃底静脉栓塞技术是一种微创、有效的方法。注意手术操作细节对提高手术成功率、降低手术并发症有重要意义。     

心脏血管封堵器在介入治疗胃底异常粗大曲张静脉中的应用

食管胃底静脉曲张是肝硬化门静脉高压最常见的并发症,一旦破裂,出血量大,首次出血病死率高达40％,是肝硬化门静脉高压最严重的并发症和死亡的常见原因.而经皮经肝食管胃底曲张静脉栓塞术是快速有效止血的主要方法之一,对活动性出血的止血率高达99％以上[1].但对于急诊下曲张静脉直径较大的血管,普通栓塞材料无法有效栓塞.笔者首次急痛状态下采用常用于动脉导管未闭的血管异常通路封堵器,治疗4例急性食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血的患者,取得了满意的止血效果,报道如下.     

门脉高压症出血组与未出血组门静脉压力的对照研究

目的：探讨经皮经肝穿刺测量门静脉压力来评估曲张的食管胃底静脉发生出血风险的可行性及判断出血风险的门静脉压力参考值、是否行预防性经颈内静脉肝内门体分流术(TIPSS)的门静脉压力参考值。方法临床确诊的40例乙肝后肝硬化致食管胃底静脉曲张自发性出血患者在行 TIPSS 及经皮经肝食管胃底静脉曲张栓塞术中测量门静脉的压力;对临床确诊的40例乙肝后肝硬化致食管胃底静脉曲张未发生出血的患者在行预防性 TIPSS 及经皮经肝穿刺测量门静脉压力;对2组间的门静脉的压力进行比较。结果肝硬化门脉高压症出血组门静脉压力为(41.97±5.12)cmH 2 O,未出血组压力为(33.44±7.79)cmH 2 O,2组间差异有统计学意义(P <0.001);门静脉压力>37.45 cmH 2 O 可作为行预防性 TIPSS 的参考依据之一。结论通过经皮经肝穿刺测量门静脉的压力,可评估乙肝后肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张发生出血的风险,通过经皮经肝穿刺门静脉压力测量可作为是否对乙肝后肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张尚未发生出血的患者行预防性 TIPSS 的参考依据。     

限制性液体复苏配合内镜下止血治疗非静脉曲张性上消化道大出血休克(附35例报告)

急性非静脉曲张性上消化道出血主要见于消化性溃疡、急性胃黏膜病变、上消化道恶性肿瘤、食管贲门黏膜撕裂综合征等.非静脉曲张性上消化道大出血(出血量>1 000ml或血容量减少20%以上)常出现失血性休克,是临床常见的急症之一,病死率高.我院利用限制性液体复苏配合镜下止血,对35例非静脉曲张性消化道大出血患者进行了治疗,报告如下.     

乙型肝炎肝硬化患者上消化道出血与幽门螺旋杆菌感染、肝功能分级关系

目的 探讨乙型肝炎肝硬化患者上消化道出血与幽门螺旋杆菌(Hp)感染、肝功能分级的关系。方法 回顾性分析自2020年1月至2022年12月保定市第二中心医院收治的342例乙型肝炎肝硬化患者的临床资料。根据上消化道出血(食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血)发病情况,将患者分为出血组(n=95)和未出血组(n=247)。根据出血组发病30 d内预后情况,将患者分为死亡组(n=16)和生存组(n=79)。比较出血组和未出血组的一般资料;分析影响乙型肝炎肝硬化患者合并上消化道出血的危险因素,以及Hp感染与肝功能分级的关系。比较不同预后患者的Hp感染率、肝功能分级情况,分析Hp感染、肝功能分级对患者预后的预测价值。结果 出血组饮酒、Hp感染、合并腹水、肝性脑病、Child-pugh分级C级、重度食管胃底静脉曲张的比例均高于未出血组,门静脉内径、脾静脉内径均大于未出血组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Hp感染、合并腹水、门静脉内径增大、脾静脉内径增大、Child-pugh分级C级、重度食管胃底静脉曲张是乙型肝炎肝硬化患者上消化道出血的危险因素(P<0.05)。出血组Child-pugh分级C级...     

急诊TIPSS在控制食管胃底静脉曲张破裂大出血中的应用及意义

目的：观察食管胃底静脉曲张破裂大出血患者行急诊经颈静脉肝内门腔静脉内支架分流术（ＴＩＰＳＳ）的治疗效果，并讨论急诊ＴＩＰＳＳ在方法学方面的特点。材料与方法：２２例患者因食管胃底静脉曲张破裂大出血接受急诊ＴＩＰＳＳ治疗。术中同时行胃冠状静脉和（或）胃短静脉栓塞。３例存在自发脾－肾或胃－肾分流道者，在球囊导管闭塞分流道肾端的前提下，行经分流道逆行胃底静脉曲张栓塞。结果：２２例中，１９例止血成功；１６例建立分流道；术后２４小时再发出血４例，其中２例死亡。结论：急诊ＴＩＰＳＳ是治疗食管胃底静脉曲张破裂大出血的有效方法。在方法学方面，急诊ＴＩＰＳＳ强调尽量通过可能途径栓塞曲张静脉，以获得及时、可靠的止血效果。     

Transhepatic obliteration of gastroesophageal varices: results in acute and nonacute bleeders.

Seventy-three patients with hepatic cirrhosis and bleeding gastroesophageal varices underwent transhepatic portal vein catheterization and variceal obliteration. Gastroesophageal varices were successfully obliterated in 32 patients actively bleeding and in 35 patients with stabilized bleeding gastroesophageal varices. The remaining six were technical failures. Follow-up examinations in 10 patients from 1 month to 3 years later showed persistent obliteration of embolized veins. Recurrence of variceal bleeding occurred in nine patients. This method should be considered as a palliative, effective adjuvant to the medical treatment of patients with bleeding gastroesophageal varices.     

Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration of gastric fundal varices with hemorrhage

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy, feasibility, and complications of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for patients with hemorrhage from gastric fundal varices. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between December 1994 and February 2001, 24 consecutive patients with hemorrhage from gastric fundal varices were enrolled in this study. Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration consisted of injecting 5% ethanolamine oleate iopamidol through the outflow vessels during balloon occlusion. The treatment was performed during acute bleeding in 11 patients and electively in 13 patients. Among those patients with acute bleeding, six were treated for temporary hemostasis with balloon tamponade, and five were treated endoscopically. RESULTS: Cannulation into the outflow vessels was performed in 23 patients, but the balloon catheter could not be inserted in one patient who had inferior phrenic vein outflow. Complete success was obtained in 88% (21/24) of patients, and partial success was obtained in two patients. In nine of 11 patients with acute bleeding, complete success was achieved. Rebleeding from gastric varices was not observed in patients treated with complete success, whereas two patients treated partially rebled within 1 week of the treatment (rate of rebleeding, 9%). Eradication of gastric varices was obtained in all patients (n = 19) who were examined by endoscopy 3 months after the treatment. Eight patients experienced worsening of esophageal varices. These patients were treated endoscopically because of findings that suggested a risk of hemorrhage. The overall mortality rate was 4% (1/24). No damage to the kidney was observed, although 11 patients had macrohematuria. CONCLUSION: Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration followed by any hemostatic procedure might be effective for both prophylaxis of rebleeding and eradication of gastric fundal varices, even in urgent cases.     

Interventional radiologic treatment for idiopathic portal hypertension

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of interventional radiological treatment for idiopathic portal hypertension. Methods: Between 1995 and 1998, we performed an interventional radiological treatment in five patients with idiopathic portal hypertension, four of whom had refused surgery and one of whom had undergone surgery. Three patients with gastroesophageal varices (GEV) were treated by partial splenic embolization (PSE), one patient with esophageal varices (EV) and massive ascites by transjugular intrahepatic portosytemic shunt (TIPS) and PSE, and one patient with GEV by percutaneous transhepatic obliteration (PTO). Midterm results were analyzed in terms of the effect on esophageal and/or gastric varices. Results: In one woman with severe GEV who underwent three sessions of PSE, there was endoscopic confirmation that the GEV had disappeared. In one man his EV shrunk markedly after two sessions of PSE. In two patients slight reduction of the EV was obtained with one application of PSE combined with endoscopic variceal ligation therapy. PTO for GV in one patient resulted in good control of the varices. All patients have survived for 16–42 months since the first interventional treatment, and varices are well controlled. Conclusion: Interventional radiological treatment is effective for patients with idiopathic portal hypertension, whether or not they have undergone surgery.     

双介入栓塞治疗门静脉高压食管、胃底曲张静脉出血及脾功能亢进

作者应用经皮肝穿曲张静脉栓塞术（ＰＴＯ）及部分脾栓塞术（ＰＳＥ）进行双介入栓塞（ＤＩＥ）治疗门静脉高压引起的食管、胃底曲张静脉出血及脾功能亢进１７例。结果显示，短期内（６～１８个月）止血效果良好（８２．３％），双介入栓塞前后门静脉内压力变化无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），脾功能亢进完全缓解（１００％），外周血红、白细胞及血小板较双栓塞前明显回升（Ｐ＜０．０１）。肝功能有一定的恢复。双栓塞后可出现一定的合并症，但较轻微。我们认为此种双栓塞疗法治疗门静脉高压食管、胃底曲张静脉出血及脾功能亢进的病人是安全有效的。     

Bleeding from esophageal varices exacerbated by splenic arterial-venous fistula: Complete transcatheter obliterative therapy

A cirrhotic patient who had previously undergone both mesocaval shunting and transthoracic esophageal and gastric devascularization with splenectomy (Sugiura procedure) presented with recurring intractable variceal hemorrhage. Diagnostic visceral angiography demonstrated a large splenic arterial-venous fistula and gastroesophageal varices. Transarterial occlusion of the fistula and transhepatic obliteration of the varices successfully done at one sitting prevented further bleeding. Follow-up angiography nine months later revealed persistent occlusion of the previous fistula and no evidence of esophageal varices. This work was supported in part by the George Alfred Cook Memorial Fund through the Medical Research Foundation of Oregon.     

多排螺旋CT在预测门静脉高压致上消化道大出血中的临床价值

目的用多排CT测量门静脉系血管内径大小,从而评估其在预测门静脉高压致上消化道大出血中的临床价值。资料与方法将门静脉高压患者分为上消化道出血组和未出血组,所有患者行64排螺旋CT增强扫描,以获取两组患者的门静脉、脾静脉、胃冠状静脉、食管胃底曲张静脉的直径,再将各血管直径分为不同等级资料,分别用方差分析两组间差异性、卡方分析不同等级资料间的差异性及各等级资料的出血患者百分比例、Logistic回归分析各血管在出血中的独立危险因素。结果两组患者的门静脉、胃冠状静脉、食管胃底曲张静脉直径之间有显著差异性(P<0.05);各等级资料间有明显差异性(P<0.05),当门静脉宽度≥18 mm、胃冠状静脉宽度≥8 mm、食管胃底曲张静脉宽度≥6 mm时出血的比例明显增加;胃冠状静脉、食管胃底曲张静脉宽度在该出血中是独立危险因素。结论门静脉、胃冠状静脉、食管胃底曲张静脉的直径在预测上消化道出血中有明显意义。     

Transhepatic obliteration of gastroesophageal varices with absolute ethanol

Absolute ethanol was evaluated as a vaso-obliterative agent in 15 patients with bleeding of gastroesophageal varices. Initial control of hemorrhaging was obtained in 13 (87%). Two patients died from unrelated causes within 48 hours of the procedure. Variceal bleeding recurred in seven of the 11 remaining patients (64%) from one week to 13 months after embolization. Four patients did not rebleed; two of them died (4 weeks and 6 months after the procedure), and two are alive (14 and 16 months after the procedure). Significant disadvantages of ethanol for obliteration of gastroesophageal varices (marked prolongation of procedure time and lack of radio-opacity) probably contributed to the high incidence of portal vein thrombosis (3 patients [20%]).