反义Gαq/11亚基ODNs对平滑肌细胞DNA合成和PC蛋白表达的影响

目的：探讨Ｇｑ蛋白介导血管活性多肽对ｖＳＭＣＤＮＡ合成及增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）蛋白表达的影响。方法：用硫代修饰的Ｇαｑ／１１亚基反义寡聚脱氧核苷酸（Ｇαｑ／１１ＡＳ－ＯＤＮｓ），以６μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的浓度加入含１０－７ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１ＥＴ－１刺激无血清ＤＭＥＭ培养基中体外培养ｖＳＭＣ。用３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入法测定ｖＳＭＣＤＮＡ合成、免疫细胞化学技术检测ｖＳＭＣＰＣＮＡ蛋白表达。结果：Ｇαｑ／１１ＡＳ－ＯＤＮｓ可明显抑制ｖＳＭＣＤＮＡ的合成，在１２ｈ，２４ｈ时抑制率分别为８４２％和８５３％；Ｇαｑ／１１ＡＳ－ＯＤＮｓ亦明显降低ｖＳＭＣＰＣＮＡ蛋白的表达。而相同浓度的正义Ｇαｑ／１１ＯＤＮｓ只呈现少量抑制作用。结论：本实验提示Ｇαｑ／１１ＡＳ－ＯＤＮｓ有可能进一步应用于由血管活性多肽刺激引起的ｖＳＭＣ增生性疾病如经皮冠脉腔内血管成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）后再狭窄的防治的研究     

无镁液灌流大鼠海马脑片自发性癫痫样放电的药物敏感性

用常规海马脑片实验方法：撤除人工脑脊液中的Ｍｇ＾２＋、０．５ｈ内ＣＡ１区出现自发性痫样放电,１ｈ内于稳定,约１／３脑片波幅可稳定２ｈ左右,但放电频率呈缓慢增加,无Ｍｇ＾２＋灌流后１￣３ｈ间可以观察抗痫药的作用。苯妥英钠（ＰＨＴ）１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,氨甲酰氮卓（ＣＢＺ）１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,安定（ＤＺＰ）３０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,苯巴双妥钠（ＰＢ）１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,丙戊酸钠（ＶＰＡ）１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ及乙琥胺     

1型血管紧张素Ⅱ受体基因与中国人冠心病、高血压及糖尿病的关系

目的本研究旨在观察１型血管紧张素Ⅱ受体（ＡＧＴＲ１）基因与中国人冠心病（ＣＨＤ）、高血压（ＨＴＮ）及非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）的相关情况，并在相关疾病中观察ＡＧＴＲ１基因与血管紧张素Ⅰ转换酶（ＡＣＥ）基因在发病中的相互关系。方法以２７０例ＣＨＤ、ＨＴＮ及ＮＩＤＤＭ单一或不同组合的中国人为对象，用ＰＣＲ／ＤｄｅⅠ酶解检测位于ＡＧＴＲ１基因３′－ＵＴＲ的Ａ１１６６Ｃ变异，并用ＰＣＲ检测ＡＣＥ基因内含子１６的插入／缺失多态标记。结果（１）ＧＡＴＲ１基因与ＣＨＤ相关（１ｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析，Ｐ＝０．０２）而与ＨＴＮ及ＮＩＤＤＭ无相关；（２）ＡＧＴＲ１基因对ＣＨＤ的参与风险率为１２．４％，比数比４．５５。与ＡＣＥ基因同属ＣＨＤ的独立变异因素（分别为Ｐ＝０．０３２及Ｐ＝０．００２）；（３）ＡＧＴＲ１－Ａ１１６６Ｃ变异不是通过对体脂含量、血脂水平及血压的影响参与ＣＨＤ发病；（４）个体的ＡＧＴＲ１基因及ＡＣＥ基因的联合基因型分析见到ＣＨＤ者与对照者间频率分布有显著差异（Ｐ＝０．０００２）。结论ＡＧＴＲ１基因参与中国人ＣＨＤ发病，并是ＣＨＤ发病的独立风险因素。     

荷人鼻咽癌裸鼠血清丙二醛,自然杀伤细胞活性以及中药“癌…

本实验用ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ裸小鼠复制人ＮＰＣ模型，检测荷人ＮＰＣ裸鼠血清ＭＤＡ和脾ＮＫ活性，以探讨瘤宿主ＮＫ活性改变的原因和可能机理，观察中药“癌克星”制剂对ＮＰＣ的抑瘤作用及对ＭＤＡ含量和脾ＮＫ活性等的影响；以探讨其抑瘤机理。结果发现荷人ＮＰＣ裸鼠血清ＭＤＡ含量（３７．９２±５．３６ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｌ）明显高于正常裸鼠（１３．９０±１．６３ｎｍｏｌ／ｍｌ）（Ｐ＜０．０１），而脾ＮＫ活性（４０．９３±２．３     

HLA—DQA1,DQB1基因与特发性膜性肾病关联研究

为探讨上海地区特发性膜性肾病（ＩＭＮ）与ＨＬＡ－Ⅱ类基因的关联，本研究用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）及序列特异性寡核苷酸（ＳＳO）探针杂交方法，对３３例上海地区汉族ＩＭＮ患者及７０例同一地区 正常人作了ＨＬＡ－ＤＱＡ１、－ＤＱＢ１位点的等位基因分型，并比较其基因频率。结果表明：ＩＭＮ组ＤＯＡ１０１０１等位基因频率高于对照组，统计学处理有显著性差异（ＲＲ＝３．０４３，Ｐ＝０．００２，Ｐｃ－０．０１８）。ＤＱＢ１０６０４等位基因频率较对照组高，而ＤＱＢ１０３０１等位基因频率较对照组低，但统计学处理后差异均不显著（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐｃ＞０．０５），以上结果提示，１ＭＮ的发病机制可能与免疫遗传因素有关。     

IL—2对神经元NMDAR1m RNA表达和细胞内钙浓度的影响

Ｎ－甲基－Ｄ－天门冬氨酸（ＮＭＤＡ）受体和细胞内游离钙浓度（［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ）的变化与神经元的兴奋性关系密切。本文报道以大鼠大脑皮层神经元为研究对象，通过Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ印迹杂交并以Ｆｕｒａ－２作为Ｃａ２＋荧光指示剂，观察了外源性白细胞介素－２（ＩＬ－２）对ＮＭＤＡ受体１型亚单位（ＮＭＤＡＲ１）ｍＲＮＡ表达量及［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ的影响。结果显示：不同浓度的ＩＬ－２（１～２００Ｕ／ｍｌ）作用于原代培养的胚胎大鼠大脑皮层神经元６小时后其ＮＭＤＡＲ１ｍＲＮＡ表达量明显增加，并与ＩＬ－２浓度呈正相关关系。当其浓度为２５～２００Ｕ／ｍｌ时，ＮＭＤＡＲ１ｍＲＮＡ表达量增加４４．３％～２１９．７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＩＬ－２（１～２００Ｕ／ｍｌ）与新生大鼠大脑皮层神经元共同孵育５～１０分钟后，［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ增加２７．１％～９４．２％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。钙通道阻断剂ｎｉｆｅｄｉｐｉｎｅ可完全阻断ＩＬ－２引起的［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高，而ＮＭＤＡ受体拮抗剂ＭＫ－８０１无此作用。本文结果提示：外源性ＩＬ－２具有兴奋性神经调质样作用，可能参与或介导了神经兴奋毒性作用和惊厥性疾病的发生与发展过程。     

补肾益气活血方对宫内生长迟缓胎儿一氧化氮及脂质过氧化水平的影响

探讨补肾益气活血方对胎儿宫内生长迟缓（ＩＵＧＲ）胎盘微循环障碍的影响。方法：应用ＮＡＤＰＨ一黄递酶组织化学方法检测胎盘组织一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）活性,采用镇铜镉还原法及硫代巴比妥酸比色法（ＴＢＡ法）测定了新生儿脐血血浆亚硝酸盐／硝酸盐（ＮＯ２－／ＮＯ３－）和丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）浓度。结果：ＩＵＧＲ孕妇胎盘组织ＮＯＳ活性较正常足月妊娠明显下降,新生儿脐血ＮＯ２－／ＮＯ３－低于正常新生儿（<０．０１）,而ＭＤＡ水平高于正常（Ｐ<０．０１）,中药治疗后与正常对照组差异无显著性（Ｐ均＞０．０５）,相关性分析表明ＮＯ２－／ＮＯ３－与ＭＤＡ呈明显负相关（ｒ＝－０．６１２４,Ｐ<０．０５）。结论：脂质过氧化可能是引起ＩＵＧＲ胎盘微循环障碍的中介因子之一,补肾益气活血方促进胎儿宫内生长发育与其抗自由基损伤,增强胎盘组织一氧化氮（ＮＯ）合成和分泌有关。     

甲型流感病毒（N1N2）亚型毒株血凝素和神经氨酸酶基 …

目的 研究新分离到的Ｈ１Ｎ２亚型毒株血凝素（ＨＡ）和神经氨酸酶（ＮＡ）基因的来源。方法 病毒通过鸡胚增殖后提取其ＲＮＡ,通过逆转录合成ｃＤＮＡ,经ＰＣＲ扩增和产物纯化,用双脱氧链终止法进行核苷酸序列测定,并用ＭｅｇＡｌｉｇｎ（１．０３版）和Ｅｄｉｔｓｅｑ（３．６９版）软件进行种系发生学分析。结果 新分离到Ｈ１Ｎ２毒株ＨＡ１区氨基酸序列与Ａ／ＰＲ／８／３４（Ｈ１Ｎ１）和Ａ／Ｇｕａｍｇｄｏｎｇ／６／９     

P物质与生长抑素对美洲商陆诱导小鼠脾细胞产生…

本实验研究了Ｐ物质和生长抑素在体外对美洲商陆诱导小鼠脾细胞产生γ干扰素的调节作用。结果显示：０．１～１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＳＰ对５，２．５及１．２５μｇ／ｍｌＰＷＭ诱生的ＩＦＮ－γ效价有明显增高作用，但０．００１～１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＳＰ对１０μｇ／ｍｌＰＷＭ诱生ＩＦＮ－γ没有影响。与ＳＰ相反，０．１～１０μｍｏｌ／ＬＳＯＭ可显著降低１，０．５及０．２５μｇ／ｍｌ ＰＷＭ诱生的ＩＦＮ－γ效价。用５、２．５     

急性心肌梗塞患者甲状腺激素水平变化及与肌钙蛋白T相关性分析

本文用放射免疫分析（ Ｒ Ｉ Ａ） 法检测了４１ 例急性心肌梗塞（ Ａ Ｍ Ｉ） 患者血清中的甲状腺激素（ Ｔ Ｔ３ , Ｔ Ｔ４ , Ｔ Ｓ Ｈ, Ｆ Ｔ３ , Ｆ Ｔ４） 水平, 并与正常人及 Ａ Ｍ Ｉ患者的肌钙蛋白 Ｔ（ Ｔｎ Ｔ） 含量进行了比较。结果表明：４１ 例急性心肌梗塞患者的甲状腺激素中 Ｔ Ｔ３ 及 Ｆ Ｔ３ 水平分别为０ ．９４ ±０ ．４０ｎｇ／ｍ Ｌ 和１ ．０９ ±０ ．５７ｐｇ／ｍ Ｌ,与３７ 例正常对照组（ Ｔ Ｔ３ 为１ ．７３ ±０ ．３１ｎｇ／ ｍ Ｌ, Ｆ Ｔ３ 为３ ．１２ ±０ ．７５ｐｇ／ｍ Ｌ） 均有高度显著性差异（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） 。动态观察甲状腺激素水平在 Ａ Ｍ Ｉ 患者溶栓治疗过程中的变化表明： Ｔ Ｔ３ 及 Ｆ Ｔ３ 水平随着 Ａ Ｍ Ｉ治疗的进行和病情的稳定慢慢增加及至正常, 与诊断 Ａ Ｍ Ｉ的“金标准” Ｔｎ Ｔ 呈高度负相关（ ｒ１ ＝ － ０ ．７９９８ ,ｒ２ ＝ － ０ ．７８５８） 。研究提示： 急性心肌梗塞患者血清甲状腺激素水平分析可用于 Ａ Ｍ Ｉ的辅助诊断。连续动态观察还可为 Ａ Ｍ Ｉ患者的疗效观察及预后判断提供切实的参考依据。     

The abductor pollicis longus: relation between innervation, muscle bellies and number of tendinous slips

The aim of this study was to assess the relation between the insertions of the distal tendinous slips, the muscle bellies and the innervation pattern of the abductor pollicis longus (APL) muscle and of the extensor pollicis brevis (EPB). The upper extremities of 31 frozen cadavers were dissected under magnifying lenses to describe the distribution of the posterior interosseous nerve (PION). The number and the distribution of distal tendinous slip insertions of the APL muscle were variable. Two superficial and deep distal tendon groups were noted. The separation into superficial and deep muscular parts of the APL was frequent (87%). The EPB muscle was generally constituted by one muscle belly and one tendinous slip (93.5%). The innervation by the PION to the APL and EPB muscles was classified into five types. The specific innervation between superficial and deep muscular parts of the APL muscle, the specific innervation of the deep muscle bellies and the independence of the superficial and deep distal tendon groups of the APL muscle are arguments in favor of a complex functional role of the APL motor unit in thumb mechanics. However, no independence of the tendinous slips in the two distal tendon groups and no correlation between the number of tendinous slips and muscle bellies or innervation were observed. These limit the functional role of the two independent superficial and deep musculotendinous APL motor units. The use of the APL tendon for interposition arthroplasty, for tendon transfer or tendon translocation seems logical, particularly if using one of the two distal tendon groups.     

Anatomical study of the symmetry of lateral extensor compartment of the wrist

The anatomy of the lateral extensor compartment of the wrist has been extensively studied, since it is the site of stenosing tenosynovitis of the tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis (de Quervain's disease). Septation of the compartment and multiplicity of the tendons within it have been thought, by some surgeons, to cause overcrowding and thus contribute to the pathogenesis of the condition. This anatomical study of ten pairs of cadaveric hands has shown that these variations are common, confirming previous reports in the literature, and, more importantly, that they are frequently bilaterally symmetrical. Since de Quervain's disease tends to occur unilaterally, it seems unlikely that anatomical variations are important in its pathogenesis. Appreciation of these variations is, however, important in surgical treatment. Adequate exposure is necessary to recognize the anatomical structures, so that all subcompartments within the fibroosseous tunnel may be decompressed. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Common variations in muscles and tendons of the human hand

Common variations in muscles and tendons of the hand were determined by dissecting 40 pairs of hands (20 male, 20 female). Contrary to some anatomy textbooks which describe only three palmar interossei, with the thumb lacking one, this study found four palmar interossei present in 85% of hands and 90% of bodies. This first palmar interosseous typically arose from the base of the first metacarpal and inserted along with the tendon of the oblique head of adductor pollicis into the base of the proximal phalanx. Forty hands (50%) did not have the usual arrangement of lumbricals. Twenty-seven (34%) third lumbricals and four (5%) fourth lumbricals split at their insertions; four third lumbricals and four fourth lumbricals inserted on the ulnar side of the middle and ring fingers, respectively. The abductor pollicis longus inserted by 2 or 3 tendons in 91% of hands. The tendon of extensor digiti minimi split into 2 or 3 slips in practically all of the hands studied (96%). The tendon of extensor indicis split into 2 slips in more than a third (38%) of hands. In almost a third (30%) of hands there were accessory extensor muscles present deep to the tendons of extensor digitorum. Lastly, extra slips of origin of the abductor digiti minimi were present in 10% of hands. This study confirms the presence of a palmar interosseous muscle for the thumb and demonstrates that some variations occur more frequently than was expected. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

骨间前神经综合征的局部解剖学研究

目的 搪塞骨间前神经综合征的解剖学基础。方法 解剖４８例（左右各２４侧）成人防固定标本。结果 骨间前神经主干邻近腱性结构有旋前圆肌纤维桥（５８．３％），尺骨头浅面腱膜（９３．７％），联合腱板（８３．３％）和指浅屈肌纤维弓（９１．２％），横过骨间前神经的拇长岂副头（６６．７％），及少 尺侧血管、小束肌肉或纤维结构。７７％骨间前神经干走在桡骨颈前方结论 骨间的神经主干邻近的腱性结构及距离桡骨颈近可能是     

骨间前神经综合征解剖学基础

目的 :探讨骨间前神经综合征发病解剖基础。方法 :48侧 (左右各 2 4侧 )成人防腐固定标本在肉眼或双目放大镜下解剖观察可能构成对骨间前神经卡压的解剖结构。结果 :有 6 6 .6 %的拇长屈肌副头由内上至外下斜过骨间前神经主干前方。横过骨间前神经的结构还有 :尺侧副血管 (48.3% ) ,指浅屈肌发出至拇长屈肌的小肌束或纤维束 (10 .4% )。骨间前神经与桡、尺骨的关系 :77%骨间前神经走在桡骨颈前方下行一段 ,长为 3.9cm(37侧 ,) ;16 .7%骨间前神经在桡、尺骨之间走行 ;6 .3%隔指深屈肌走在尺骨的前方。结论 :拇长屈肌副头、横过骨间前神经的肌束和纤维等结构可能是致骨间前神经综合征的解剖基础。     

Accessory head of flexor pollicis longus muscle in fetuses and adult cadavers and its relation to anterior interosseous nerve

This study was conducted to examine the accessory head of flexor pollicis longus muscle (ahFPL) and its relation with the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) in human fetuses and adult cadavers. Ninety fetus forearms and 52 adult cadaver forearms were dissected to evaluate the incidence, morphology, and innervation of the ahFPL. The ahFPL was observed in 29/90 (32%) of the fetus forearms and 20/52 (39%) of the adult cadaver forearms. The overall side incidence was 34.5% (49/142) among total forearms examined. On the other hand, the population incidence of ahFPL was 42% (19/45) in fetuses while it was 50% (12/24) in adult cadavers. So, the overall incidence in humans was 44.9% (31/69) in the population studied. Compression of the AIN in the forearm by the ahFPL is known as one of the causes of the anterior interosseous nerve syndrome (AINS). So, the relation of ahFPL with the AIN was evaluated, and in light of previous classifications a modified new classification is proposed. The most common relation detected in this study was Type IVa (71.4%) (AIN and its branches coursed posterior to the ahFPL). While Type I was not observed in this study, the incidences of Type II, Type III, and Type IVb (all AIN branches 'without AIN itself' coursed posterior to the ahFPL) were 2%, 14.3%, and 12.3%, respectively. The Types I, IVa, and IVb are thought to be associated with complete or incomplete types of AINS and Type III with incomplete type of AINS only.     

小腿肌的肌纤维型分布

为探讨小腿肌的肌纤维分布特征和构成比例，取５例（男２、女３）１９￣６０岁后１２小时内的人体两侧小腿肌共１４０块，用肌球蛋白ＡＴＰ酶法，系统地研究了小腿各肌的肌纤维型分布。     

手骨间掌侧肌数目的观察

解剖、观察25例成人手的第1掌骨间隙,发现具有额外肌束者18例(72%),分析认为位于此间隙内、止于拇指近侧节指骨的额外肌束属于拇收肌的扩展部分,不宜命名新的“骨间掌侧肌”。     

Differential control of the digits of the human hand: evidence from digital anaesthesia and weight matching

The present study assessed changes in perceived heaviness of weights lifted by the thumb, index, ring and little fingers during anaesthesia of the “lifting” digit. Subjects (n = 19) lifted weights solely by flexion of the distal joint of the digit, using a bilateral weight-matching paradigm. Changes in perceived heaviness during anaesthesia differed in both their sign and magnitude for the different digits. Anaesthesia of the thumb and index finger produced large increases in perceived heaviness (median, thumb: +41%; index finger: +13%), whereas anaesthesia of the ring finger decreases perceived heaviness (–14%). Anaesthesia of the little finger also reduced perceived heaviness (median, –21%; n = 6). Because perceived heaviness is biased by signals of motor commands, these findings suggest a nett facilitatory reflex effect of the digital nerve inputs from the thumb and index fingers onto their respective flexor motoneurones with the corresponding effect for the ring and little fingers being inhibitory. Received: 19 May 1997 / Accepted: 30 June 1997