经胃镜治疗胃黏膜下肿瘤61例临床分析

目的分析胃黏膜下肿瘤的临床病理学特征,评价经内镜治疗胃黏膜下肿瘤的安全性及有效性。方法通过胃镜及超声内镜筛选出2012年9月-2014年6月共61例患有胃黏膜下肿瘤的患者;均采用经胃镜治疗方案予以切除;切除肿瘤术后均送病理学检查,可疑胃间质瘤进一步行免疫组化等分子生物学检查。结果 61例患者中,有39例为女性患者,占总病例63.93%,肿瘤位于胃底占52.46%(32/61),胃体21.31%(13/61),胃窦11.48%(7/61),贲门14.75%(9/61);10例行内镜黏膜剥离术(ESD),21例行内镜黏膜下挖除术(ESE),27例行内镜全层切除术治疗(EFR),3例经黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术治疗(STER)。61例患者中,1例因瘤体过大且突破浆膜层,另1例位于胃底黏液湖操作困难故中转腹腔镜治疗,术后1例发生穿孔,经腹腔镜成功修补,1例发生出血,内镜下成功止血;病理学检查最后确诊胃间质瘤34例,危险度均为极低危(肿瘤每50个高倍镜视野下核分裂像≤5),平滑肌瘤11例、脂肪瘤5例、异位胰腺3例、钙化性纤维假瘤5例、炎性纤维性息肉2例和血管瘤样增生1例;胃间质瘤位于胃底73.53%(25/34),胃体11.76%(4/34),胃窦5.88%(2/34),贲门8.82%(3/34)。结论胃黏膜下肿瘤以女性多发,且多无特异性临床症状;胃黏膜下肿瘤好发于胃底,且以胃间质瘤多见;绝大部胃间质瘤风险分级为极低危;经胃镜治疗胃黏膜下肿瘤是微创、安全、有效的方法。     

胃间质瘤47例临床诊治分析

目的探讨胃间质瘤的临床表现、诊断和治疗方法。方法对47例胃间质瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果均行手术切除，其中近端半胃切除22例，远端半胃切除3例，胃楔形切除13例，肿瘤局部切除加幽门成形1例，近端半胃切除及肝叶切除5例，近端半胃切除加肝转移瘤导管栓塞化疗3例。随访1—6年，8例死亡，其余除12例服用甲磺酸伊马替尼患者部分缓解在继续服药外，27例患者均健在，临床疗效满意。结论胃间质瘤临床表现缺乏特征性，胃内窥镜及X线上消化道钡餐造影检查是诊断该病的主要方法，手术切除是该病的主要治疗方式，甲磺酸依马替尼辅助治疗不能切除或术后复发的胃间质瘤具有较好的临床疗效。     

胃癌复发再次手术的治疗体会

目的：探讨胃癌术后复发的临床特点及再手术适应症。方法：回顾性分析我院2000年1月至2009年1月收治的46例复发性胃癌再次手术病例的临床资料。结果：术中探查发现30例侵及毗邻器官,16例淋巴结转移,术后生存5年以上1例、3年以上18例、1年以上3例、1年以内死亡15例。结论：术后定期胃镜检查有助于复发性胃癌的早期诊断和提高手术率。选项择身体素质好、肿瘤复发局限者采取再次手术治疗,可延长生存时间,提高疗效。     

Trastuzumab for gastric cancer

Background: Gastric cancer is a disease with different management approaches in different regions, especially between Western and Asian countries. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for non-metastatic disease. Perioperative chemotherapy or adjuvant radio-chemotherapy is recommended, since recurrences are common after curative resection. Unfortunately, advanced or metastatic gastric cancer constitutes the majority of patients in clinical practice. For these patients systemic chemotherapy is the standard treatment, to provide palliation and prolong survival; however, prognosis remains poor. Several molecular targeting agents are under evaluation in international randomized studies. Objective: To review chemotherapy and targeted therapies for gastric cancer, chemical and pharmacological characteristics of trastuzumab, and evidence for its clinical use in gastric cancer. Methods: Examination of relevant literature. Results/conclusions: HER-2 is overexpressed/amplified in approximately 22% of gastric cancer patients. Trastuzumab, a recombinant humanized anti-HER-2 monoclonal antibody, is, to our knowledge, the first biological therapy that has showed a survival improvement by nearly 3 months (reduced risk of death by 26%), thus trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy is a treatment option for patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer. Trastuzumab's role in curative gastric cancer treatment needs to be studied, as well as monotherapy, maintenance therapy and second line treatment in the palliative setting.     

Nonsurgical treatment of the primary tumor in four consecutive cases of metastasized colorectal carcinoma

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Surgical resection of the primary tumor is standard treatment in stage IV colorectal cancer, but palliative surgery is associated with high morbidity and mortality and with uncertain benefit. The wisdom of surgical resection of asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic primary tumors is therefore questionable. By studying a small series of such patients, we aimed to assess whether endoscopic techniques can offer an effective alternative form of nonsurgical palliative treatment for the prevention of local complications caused by a primary colorectal tumor. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We treated four consecutive patients who had stage IV colorectal cancer by endoscopic tumor debulking, either using a standard polypectomy snare technique alone or by argon plasma coagulation ablation followed by snare debulking of the primary tumor. RESULTS: Palliation was achieved in all patients, demonstrated by regression of the primary tumor and absence of symptoms related to the colonic tumor during the observation period of up to 24 months. No procedure-associated complications were observed and it was possible to commence systemic chemotherapy immediately after the endoscopic treatment in all four patients. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that surgical resection of the primary tumor is not appropriate in all patients with stage IV colorectal cancer, and that this form of treatment should be reserved for patients with signs of complete obstruction in whom local ablative procedures are not possible. Simple endoscopic techniques for treatment of the primary tumor, in conjunction with systemic chemotherapy, may be the most suitable form of management for patients with stage IV colorectal tumors.     

胃癌新辅助化疗疗效分析及机体组成营养状况变化研究

目的研究胃癌病人新辅助化疗的疗效、营养状况及机体组成变化。方法对66例以淋巴结转移为主的进展期胃癌患者采用卡培他滨+奥沙利铂方案化疗,观察化疗疗效、手术情况、机体组成变化和化疗毒副反应情况。结果 66例完全缓解(CR)3例(4.5%),部分缓解(PR)33例(50.0%),稳定(SD)24例(36.3%),进展(PD)6例(9.0%),近期客观有效率(CR+PR)54.5%;平均体重(BM)、体质指数(BMI)与肌肉群(LBM)增加明显,差异有统计学意义,其中体重增加>10%者12例,体重增加>5%者21例,体重维持不变者15例,体重下降者18例(其中6例系幽门梗阻引起);行D2根治手术39例(59.1%),D2+根治手术18例(27.2%),姑息切除手术9例(13.6%),手术根治切除率达86.4%。结论新辅助化疗可以减轻肿瘤负荷,缩小病灶,降低原发病灶分期,并能改善病人的营养状况,有助于提高进展期胃癌根治术的成功率。     

新辅助治疗在进展期胃癌中的临床应用效果及对预后的影响

目的探讨新辅助治疗在进展期胃癌中的临床应用效果及对预后的影响。方法选取86例进展期胃癌患者作为研究对象,将其随机分为观察组和对照组,每组43例。观察组患者于术前接受新辅助化疗并于术后接受辅助化疗,对照组患者只在术后接受辅助化疗。对观察组的术前化疗疗效和2组患者的毒性反应、根治性切除率、术后1年复发率和术后2年生存率进行观察和分析。结果观察组患者经过新辅助化疗治疗后,临床有效率达到74．4％,有37例患者（86．0％）进行了胃癌根治性手术,而对照组中有28例患者（65．1％）进行了胃癌根治性手术,观察组行根治性手术的患者比例显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;观察组行远端胃大部切除术的比例显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;观察组和对照组患者消化道毒性反应的发生率分别为76．7％和72．1％,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;2组患者出现骨髓抑制反应的比例分别为9．3％和7．0％,差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）,给予对症治疗后均能顺利完成化疗,未发生严重并发症和死亡病例;观察组和对照组患者的术后1年肿瘤复发率分别为11．6％和32．6％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,且观察组患者的肿瘤复发时间显著长于对照组（P〈0．05）;2组患者的2年生存率分别为90．7％和72．1％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论新辅助治疗可有效控制进展期胃癌患者病情的进展,有利于肿瘤的切除,并可显著降低复发率,延缓复发时间并提高生存率,对改善患者预后有积极的作用,且安全性和患者耐受性较高,值得临床推广应用。     

松果体区肿瘤手术治疗方法的选择

目的探讨手术切除松果体区肿瘤的意义、肿瘤切除的程度、手术入路的选择以及脑积水的处理方法。方法我院收治松果体区肿瘤患者23例,为缓解脑积水,先后行脑室一腹腔（V-P）分流术13例,术中同时行终板造瘘术7例,其中2例术后仍需行V—P分流术。经胼胝体．透明隔．穹隆间。第三脑室入路切除肿瘤13例;经枕下小脑幕上入路（Poppen入路）切除肿瘤8例;经幕下小脑上入路（Krause入路）2例。结果肿瘤全切除11例,次全切除＋大部切除8例,部分切除4例。术后单纯放疗9例,术后放疗＋化疗8例,6例未行放、化疗。死亡2例。结论肿瘤偏大,术前诊断＋术中病理诊断为生殖细胞瘤者可不必完全切除肿瘤,但需解决脑脊液循环通路问题,包括V．P分流术、第三脑室底经终板造瘘术,如肿瘤较小且易于切除,估计对周围脑组织影响不大,第Ⅲ、Ⅳ脑室间能保持通畅者可不行分流术或造瘘术,术后放、化疗。其他病理类型肿瘤争取肿瘤全切除,以提高疗效,特别是良性肿瘤。     

Clinical evaluation of endoscopic resection for treatment of large gastric stromal tumors

BACKGROUND Gastric stromal tumor is a digestive tract mesenchymal tumor with malignant potential, and endoscopic techniques have been widely used in the treatment of gastric stromal tumors, but there is still controversy over their use for large gastric stromal tumors(≥ 3 cm).AIM To evaluate the clinical long-term efficacy and safety of endoscopic resection for large(≥ 3 cm) gastric stromal tumors.METHODS All patients who underwent endoscopic resection or surgery at our hospital from 2012 to 2017 for pathologically confirmed gastric stromal tumor with a maximum diameter of ≥ 3 cm were collected. The clinical data, histopathologic characteristics of the tumors, and long-term outcomes were recorded.RESULTS A total of 261 patients were included, including 37 patients in the endoscopy group and 224 patients in the surgical group. In the endoscopy group, the maximum tumor diameter was 3-8 cm; the male: Female ratio was 21/16; 34 cases had low-risk tumors, 3 had intermediate-risk, and 0 had high-risk; the mean follow-up time was 30.29 ± 19.67 mo, no patient was lost to follow-up, and no patient received chemotherapy after operation; two patients with recurrence had low-risk stromal tumors, and neither had complete resection under endoscopy. In the surgical group, the maximum tumor diameter was 3-22 cm; the male: Female ratio was 121/103; 103 cases had low-risk tumors, 75 had intermediate-risk, and 46 had high-risk; the average follow-up time was 38.83 ± 21.50 mo, 53 patients were lost to follow-up, and 8 patients had recurrence after operation(6 cases had high-risk tumors, 1 had intermediate-risk, and 1 had low-risk). The average tumor volume of the endoscopy group was 26.67 ± 26.22 cm^3(3.75-120), all of which were less than 125 cm^3. The average volume of the surgical group was 273.03 ± 609.74 cm^3(7-4114). Among all patients with a tumor volume < 125 cm^3,7 with high-risk stromal tumors in the surgical group(37.625 cm^3 to 115.2 cm^3)accounted for 3.8%(7/183); of those with a tumor volume < 125 cm^3, high-risk patients accounted for 50%(39/78). We found that 57.1%(12/22) of patients with high-risk stromal tumors also had endoscopic surface ulcer bleeding and tumor liquefaction on ultrasound or abdominal computed tomography; the ratio of tumors positive for both in high-risk stromal tumors with a volume < 125 cm^3 was 60%(3/5).CONCLUSION Endoscopic treatment is safe for 95.5% of patients with gastric stromal tumors with a tumor diameter ≥ 3 cm and a volume of < 125 cm^3 without endoscopic surface ulcer bleeding or CT liquefaction.     

胃癌术后复发62例的治疗体会

目的探讨胃癌术后复发的治疗体会,总结胃癌复发的诊治规律。方法选择胃癌复发病例62例,行手术切除或化疗。结果34例可手术切除患者1、3、5年生存率分别为70．3％、31．2％和16．5％。治愈性切除者1、3、5年生存率分别为81．4％、42．3％和13．6％;姑息性切除者1、3、5年生存率分别为71．5％、22．8％和8．1％。28例化疗后完全缓解（CR）4例,部分缓解（PR）11例,稳定（SD）10例,进展（PD）3例,有效率为53．6％。结论胃癌根治术后复发应该积极手术和化疗治疗。     

胃间质瘤19例的临床诊治分析

目的：探讨胃间质瘤的诊断和治疗方法。方法：对19例经手术治疗的胃间质瘤的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果：近端胃切除2例,远端胃切除5例,胃楔形切除12例。全组无围手术期死亡,术后无主要并发症。术后复发2例,5年生存率为47％。结论：胃间质瘤缺乏特征性的临床表现,确诊依赖病理和免疫组化检查结果,手术切除是治疗的主要方法。     

腹腔镜在胃间质肿瘤切除术的应用及护理

目的比较腹腔镜手术与开腹手术进行胃间质肿瘤切除术的护理,探讨腹腔镜在胃间质肿瘤切除术中的实用性及有效护理方法.方法回顾性总结分析68例胃间质肿瘤患者（其中腹腔镜手术32例,开腹手术36例）腹腔镜手术和开腹手术临床资料的相关指标.结果腹腔镜组患者术中出血量、术后排气时间、抗生素使用时间、术后住院日、术后疼痛方面等指标优于开腹手术组,差异有显著性（P＜0.05）.结论腹腔镜下胃间质肿瘤切除术是一种安全、有效的微创手术方法,要充分做好围手术期护理.     

参附注射液联合剂量密集化疗治疗老年晚期胃癌的临床观察

目的:探讨参附注射液联合剂量密集化疗治疗老年晚期胃癌的临床疗效。方法:将70例老年晚期胃癌患者按随机数字表分为对照组34例和治疗组36例。对照组采用常规剂量密集化疗,治疗组在此基础上联合参附注射液治疗。比较两组近期疗效、KPS疗效、毒副反应等指标。结果:两组缓解率、疾病控制率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但治疗组KPS评分改善情况显著优于对照组(P<0.05),治疗组乏力、恶心呕吐、白细胞减少发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:参附注射液联合剂量密集化疗治疗老年晚期胃癌患者近期疗效肯定,且可降低患者化疗期间不良反应发生率,提高晚期胃癌老年患者的生活质量。     

30例胃间质瘤的临床诊治分析

目的探讨胃间质瘤(GST)的临床特点、病理特征、诊治方法及预后。方法回顾分析本中心30例经手术治疗和病理组织学确诊的胃间质瘤患者的临床资料。结果临床症状表现为上腹不适及疼痛21例,上消化道出血9例。行胃楔形切除术18例,近端胃大部切除术4例,远端胃大部切除术8例。病理检查:良性GST患者18例(60.00%),交界性GST患者7例(23.33%),恶性GST患者5例(16.67%)。肿瘤的核分裂相小于或等于5/50HPE和大于5/50HPE组5年生存率分别为93.50%和60.00%(P0.05)。瘤体直径小于5cm组与瘤体直径大于或等于5cm组5年生存率分别为90.00%和59.20%(P0.05)。腔内型、腔外型及混合型组5年生存率分别为80.00%、76.20%和64.70%(P0.05)。胃楔形切除术组与胃大部切除术组5年生存率分别为88.50%和80.80%(P0.05)。结论 GST临床表现以消化道慢性出血、上腹部不适等为主,良性多见。胃间质瘤的治疗以手术为主,其预后与肿瘤的核分裂相及肿瘤大小相关,与术式及肿瘤生长方式无关。     

腹腔镜联合胃镜治疗胃间质瘤（附22例分析）

目的 总结腹腔镜联合胃镜术中定位治疗胃间质瘤的经验.方法 22例诊断为胃间质瘤（直径≤4cm）的患者,应用腹腔镜联合胃镜术中定位技术,分别行胃腔外锲形切除术、经胃腔肿瘤外翻切除术、胃部分切除术.结果 22例均在双镜联合下顺利找到肿瘤并成功行局部切除.无并发症发生.手术时间50～130min,术中出血10～250mL,术后2～5d进流质饮食,平均住院时间6.2d.结论 应用腹腔镜联合胃镜定位治疗胃间质瘤具有定位准确、手术时间短、创伤小恢复快等优点,具有较好的临床实用价值.     

低剂量5-Fu静脉泵入治疗老年晚期胃癌疗效观察

目的观察低剂量5-Fu持续静脉泵入治疗老年晚期胃癌的疗效及毒副反应。方法 46例老年晚期胃癌患者,采用5-Fu 200 mg/(m2.d),静脉泵持续24 h点滴,连用14 d,21 d为1个周期。完成两个周期化疗后,评价疗效和毒副反应。结果临床总有效率为17.4%,其中CR 1例,PR 7例,SD 10例,PD 28例。近期疗效分析显示:转移病灶<3个的患者,客观缓解率(ORR)为31.6%,≥3个ORR为18.5%;KPS计分<80分的患者,ORR为10.7%,≥80分ORR为27.8%;进展时间(TTP)≥6个月的患者,ORR为30.8%,<6个月ORR为12.1%。毒副反应主要为口腔溃疡、恶心呕吐、腹泻等,多数为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,对症处理后均缓解。结论 低剂量5-Fu持续静脉泵入方案临床疗效较好,毒副反应轻,适合于老年患者晚期胃癌的治疗。     

结直肠癌造口患者造口周围性皮炎发生的相关因素分析

目的探讨结直肠癌造口患者造口周围性皮炎发生的相关影响因素。方法选取2018年1月至2019年5月我院收治的结直肠癌造口患者186例为研究对象,回顾性分析社会人口学资料和临床病历资料,采用多因素logistic回归分析确定结直肠癌造口患者造口周围性皮炎发生的独立危险因素。结果186例患者中发生造口周围性皮炎58例(31.18%),其中粪水性皮炎23例,真菌感染16例,毛囊炎11例,外界刺激损伤8例。多因素logistic回归分析显示,辅助化疗、辅助放疗、造口产品及造口类型是结直肠癌造口患者发生造口周围性皮炎的独立危险因素(P<0.05),造口护理知识是结直肠癌造口患者发生造口周围性皮炎的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论导致结直肠癌造口患者造口周围性皮炎发生的影响因素较多,为此应加强造口患者的自我管理能力,提升其造口相关护理知识认知水平,制定规范化的预防机制,减少结直肠癌造口患者造口周围性皮炎发生率,减轻身心痛苦,提高术后生活质量。     

T4a期胃癌患者行微创手术后的生存状况与长期效果研究

目的探究T4a期胃癌患者行微创手术后的生存状况与长期效果。方法回顾性分析2010年1月-2013年1月该院收治的93例T4a期胃癌患者的临床资料,所有患者均行腹腔镜T4a期胃癌根治术治疗,术后经门诊、电话等方式进行随访,其中5例患者失访,以未失访的88例患者作为研究对象。分析患者5年生存状况,其中49例患者存活为存活组,39例患者死亡为死亡组。对T4a期胃癌患者行微创手术后死亡相关因素进行单因素和Logistic多因素分析。结果术后5年内48.86%(43例)患者无病生存;6.82%(6例)患者带瘤生存,44.32%(39例)患者死亡,其中39.77%(35例)患者因复发或转移死亡。单因素分析结果显示,肿瘤直径、肿瘤部位、联合脏器切除、肿瘤N分期、Lauren分型、淋巴结转移率、淋巴结转移范围、淋巴结转移数目与T4a期胃癌患者行微创手术后死亡有密切相关性(P0.05)。Logistic多因素分析结果显示,联合脏器切除、肿瘤N2分期、淋巴结转移率40%、淋巴结转移范围大、淋巴结转移数目多为T4a期胃癌患者行微创手术后死亡的危险因素(P0.05)。结论 T4a期胃癌患者行微创手术后5年生存状况不佳,联合脏器切除、肿瘤N2分期、淋巴结转移率40%、淋巴结转移范围大、淋巴结转移数目是其术后死亡的危险因素,应对此类患者加强监测,以改善预后。     

Ex vivo liver resection followed by autotransplantation in radical resection of gastric cancer liver metastases: A case report

BACKGROUNDRadical resection of gastric cancer liver metastases (GCLM) can increase the 5-year survival rate of GCLM patients. However, patients may lose the theoretical feasibility of surgery due to the critical location of liver metastasis in some cases. CASE SUMMARYA 29-year-old woman had a chief complaint of chronic abdominal pain for 1 year. Abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging examinations suggested a mass of unknown pathological nature located between the first and second hila and the margin of the lower segment of the right lobe of the liver. The anterior wall of the gastric antrum was unevenly thickened. The diagnosis of (gastric antrum) intramucosal well-differentiated adenocarcinoma was histopathologically confirmed by puncture biopsy with gastroscopy guidance. She underwent radical resection (excision of both gastric tumors and ex vivo liver resection followed by autotransplantation simultaneously) followed by XELOX adjuvant chemotherapy. Without serious postoperative complications, the patient was successfully discharged on the 20^th day after the operation. Pathological examination of the excised specimen indicated that gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection for primary gastric tumors and R0 resection for liver metastases were achieved. The resected mass was confirmed to be poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma (hepatoid adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation) with liver metastases in segments VIII. No recurrence or metastasis within the liver was found during a 7.5-year follow-up review that began 1 mo after surgery.CONCLUSIONApplication of ex vivo liver resection followed by autotransplantation in radical resection for GCLM can help selected patients with intrahepatic metastases located in complex sites obtain a favorable clinical outcome.     

CT colonography: surveillance in patients with a history of colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. It is also a disease that is preventable if precursor adenomatous polys are removed. Once a diagnosis of colorectal cancer is made, surgical resection is the only means of cure. The ability to resect colorectal cancer for cure is largely dependent upon the stage of tumor at presentation. Once a patient has been treated for colorectal cancer with surgery and in some cases neo-adjuvant or adjuvant therapy, they will present for follow-up. Surveillance is performed on these patients in order to detect local recurrence that if detected early can be surgically resected for cure. Surveillance also allows detection of distant metastatic disease that may in some cases also be cured with resection. Finally, surveillance of the remaining colon is important to detect the development of new or metachronous adenomatoid polyps that if left in place could develop into new colon cancers. Imaging can play a part in patient surveillance to detect recurrent disease at extracolonic sites as well as the development of new colonic lesions. CT colonography is a promising tool for surveillance in patients with a history of colorectal cancer.