老年冠心病患者顺路肾动脉造影的意义

目的 探讨老年冠心病患者中肾动脉狭窄的发病率,明确与动脉硬化性肾动脉狭窄(ARAS)的相关危险因素.方法 总结我院262例因拟诊冠心病而行冠状动脉造影并常规术中顺路行选择性双肾动脉造影的老年患者的临床资料,分析老年冠心病患者中ARAS的发病率.以ARAS为自变量,行Logistic多元回归分析,明确ARAS的危险因素.结果 262例患者共发现ARAS 48例(18.3%),其中中度狭窄34例(13.0%),重度狭窄14例(5.3%).明确诊断冠心病的193例中,ARAS的发生率为22.2%,明显高于无冠心病患者(3.6%)(P＜0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析,预测ARAS 的独立危险因素为:女性、血肌酐(Scr)异常、左主干病变、冠状动脉三支病变.结论 老年冠状动脉粥样硬化患者中ARAS的发生率较高,冠状动脉造影的同时行顺路肾动脉造影安全可行.但ARAS与冠状动脉疾病并不完全平行,女性、Scr异常、左主干病变及冠状动脉三支病变是老年ARAS的独立危险因素.     

冠心病合并肾动脉狭窄的发生率及危险因素

目的探讨冠心病合并肾动脉狭窄的发生率及危险因素。方法回顾性分析2003年5月至2004年8月期间造影证实冠心病同时行肾动脉造影患者的临床资料及影像学资料。结果350例冠心病中48例患者合并有肾动脉单侧或双侧显著性狭窄(直径狭窄≥50%),发生率为13.7%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:年龄≥70岁、血肌酐≥120μmolL、高血压及冠状动脉多支病变是预测冠心病合并肾动脉狭窄的危险因素。结论冠心病患者合并肾动脉狭窄的发生率较高,对其行冠状动脉造影检查的同时应常规行肾动脉造影检查以检出合并的肾动脉狭窄。     

动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的早期发现

探讨冠状动脉造影同时行肾动脉造影的必要性及动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的相关危险因素分析。共 4 91例临床疑似冠心病患者行冠状动脉造影同时行非选择性或选择性肾动脉造影 ,并对相关的临床因素进行评价 ,筛选出动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的独立危险因素。冠心病组患者中动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的发病率为2 0 % ,显著高于非冠心病组 (2 .6 % )。冠心病、外周血管疾病是动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的独立危险因素 (多元Logistic回归分析示 ,P <0 .0 0 1、P =0 .0 0 3) ,是其早期发现的指标。对怀疑有冠心病的患者 ,在冠状动脉造影同时行肾动脉造影有助于动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的早期发现。     

冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的临床特点分析

目的分析颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄(carotid artery stenosis,CS)与冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)的关系,探讨两者共患的临床特点。方法 102例经冠状动脉造影确诊为冠心病的患者住院期间行双侧颈动脉超声检查,根据冠状动脉狭窄累及情况分为单支、两支(含左主干病变)和三支病变组,以CS≥70%为切分点,比较CS在不同亚组间的发病情况及特点;采用多因素Logistic回归分析分析年龄、性别、原发性高血压(高血压)、糖尿病、吸烟、脑卒中病史、血脂浓度、体质量指数、左主干病变和冠状动脉多支病变与CS的关系。结果 102例冠心病患者中有36例CS≥70%,发生率为35.3%。CS的发生率随冠状动脉病变程度加重而增加(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示只有性别和冠状动脉多支病变是CS的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论冠心病患者伴发CS与冠状动脉病变严重程度相关,冠状动脉多支病变患者应常规进行颈动脉超声筛查。     

冠心病患者肾动脉狭窄及危险因素分析

目的:对冠心病患者动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的发病率和危险因素进行探讨。方法:569例冠状动脉造影诊断为冠心病的患者同时进行选择性双侧肾动脉造影。结果:肾动脉狭窄的发生率为16·5%(94/569)。肾动脉狭窄的患病率随着年龄的增加而上升(χ2=19·170,P<0·001)。肾动脉狭窄的发病率随着冠状动脉病变程度的加重而增加(χ2=22·115,P<0·001)。多因素Logistic回归分析中,年龄、高血压和冠心病多支病变为肾动脉狭窄的独立危险因素。结论:对冠心病患者,尤其是多支病变、高血压、高龄的冠心病患者应常规行选择性肾动脉造影。     

河北省冠心病发病危险因素评估

目的探讨河北地区人群冠心病血管狭窄发病风险与常见危险因素的关系。方法收集医院经冠状动脉造影检查按相应标准确证为冠心病的患者250例,采用后退法Logistic回归分析冠心病血管狭窄危险因素与冠状动脉病变程度的关系。结果单因素分析显示年龄、高血压史、吸烟史在冠脉病变程度之间存在差异,性别、糖尿病史、血脂异常在病变程度方面无明显差异(P0.05),多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄、吸烟和糖尿病史是冠心病血管狭窄的主要危险因素。结论在河北人群中,冠心病血管狭窄主要与年龄、吸烟和糖尿病史有关。     

冠心病合并肾动脉狭窄危险因素及临床意义

目的　探讨冠心病合并肾动脉狭窄发病率及危险因素 ,以及冠状动脉造影同时行肾动脉造影的必要性。方法　对 114例接受冠状动脉造影患者同时行肾动脉造影。结果　 114例患者中 ,肾动脉狭窄发病率 18 4% ,经冠状动脉造影证实的 77例冠心病中肾动脉狭窄发病率 2 6 % ,冠状动脉造影正常的 37例中肾动脉狭窄发病率 2 7% ,冠心病患者中肾动脉狭窄发病率明显高于非冠心病组(P <0 0 1)。结论　冠心病患者有较高的肾动脉狭窄的发生率 ,应该在冠状动脉造影明确冠状动脉病变后 ,常规行肾动脉造影。     

冠状动脉造影与肾动脉狭窄的关系研究

目的:探讨冠状动脉(冠脉)造影与肾动脉狭窄(RAS)发生率的关系。方法:采用前瞻性设计,在冠脉造影的患者中同时进行选择性双侧肾动脉造影,对临床资料和 RAS之间的关系进行单变量和多变量 Logistic回归分析。结果: 402 例冠脉造影患者中有 377 例(93. 8%)同时行选择性双侧肾动脉造影, RAS 者 71 例(18.8%),其中轻度狭窄(<50%)者39例(10.3%),明显狭窄(>50%)者32例(8.5%),其中双侧明显狭窄者17例(4.5%)。明显RAS单变量分析,年龄、颈动脉斑块形成、糖尿病、高血压、肾功能不全、严重冠脉病变是 RAS的预测因素。多变量回归分析,年龄、高血压、严重冠脉病变是 RAS的独立预测因素。结论:冠脉造影尤其冠心病患者RAS发生率高,在冠心病患者行冠脉造影的同时应常规进行肾动脉造影,以便及早发现RAS。     

冠心病患者肾动脉狭窄的发生率及相关因素

目的探讨冠状动脉造影中顺路肾动脉造影的意义,进一步明确动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的相关危险因素。方法总结分析410例因拟诊冠心病而行冠状动脉造影并常规术中顺路行选择性双肾动脉造影患者的临床资料,分析冠心病患者中动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的发生情况。以显著动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄为自变量,行Logistic多元回归分析,明确动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的危险因素。结果410例患者共发现动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄88例(21.4%),其中轻度狭窄30例(7.3%),中度狭窄40例(9.7%),重度狭窄18例(4.3%)。冠状动脉病变阳性的285例中,动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的患病率为26.3%(75/285),明显高于冠状动脉阴性患者[10.4%(13/125),P<0.05]。狭窄超过30%的肾动脉血管共130支,其中61.5%位于开口部位,36.9%位于主干,仅3.8%位于分支血管。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的独立危险因素为女性、高胆固醇、低高密度脂蛋白、血肌酐异常、左主干病变、冠状动脉三支病变。结论冠状动脉粥样硬化患者中动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的发生率为26.3%,冠状动脉造影的同时行顺路肾动脉造影安全可行。但动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄与冠心病并不完全平行,女性、高胆固醇、低高密度脂蛋白、血肌酐异常、左主干病变及冠状动脉三支病变是动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的独立危险因素。     

心脏瓣膜病伴发冠心病的流行病学研究

目的探讨心脏瓣膜病(HVD)患者术前行冠脉造影检查的指征。方法回顾性分析我院40岁以上因心脏瓣膜病拟行瓣膜手术的868例患者术前冠脉造影检查资料。结果男性伴发冠心病高于女性,发病的年龄较女性低,在选择瓣膜病患者进行冠脉造影检查时,应充分考虑是否并发有冠心病发病危险因素,不同部位瓣膜病变的冠心病发生率相仿。结论50岁以上尤其是男性心脏瓣膜病患者易合并冠心病,或冠心病引起瓣膜病变,尤其是左房室瓣关闭不全;故50岁以上瓣膜手术的患者术前应常规行冠脉造影;40～50岁心脏瓣膜病患者虽不需常规行冠脉造影,但如具备多个冠心病危险因素(如高血压、糖尿病、严重肥胖、吸烟、家属病史等),或者术前有明显冠心病症状,条件允许也建议行冠脉造影排除冠心病。     

Periodontal disease and systemic disease

Periodontal diseases are now recognized as bacterial infections among the chronic diseases of humans. The influence of the oral environment on systemic health, especially the periodontium, has long been supported by scientific evidence. However, an evidence base for the influence of periodontal disease on vital organs such as heart, lung has only recently begun to be established. We are hopeful that this information will stimulate new collaborations between physicians and dentist and serve as basis for studies to help improve the total health.     

Buerger's disease and coronary disease

The authors report the case of a 33 year old man with distal occlusive arterial disease diagnosed as Buerger's disease, with two previous transient ischaemic attacks and coronary disease resulting in myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography showed narrowing of the second segment of the left anterior descending artery, occluded distally and not suitable for revascularisation. The observation of coronary artery disease is very rare in Buerger's disease and data of coronary angiography are very sparse in this context. The occurrence of myocardial infarction and the angiographic appearances of the left anterior descending artery raise the question of coronary involvement of Buerger's disease.     

Lung disease in Niemann-Pick disease

BACKGROUND: Lung involvement in children with Niemann-Pick disease has rarely been studied systematically. OBJECTIVE: To assess the involvement of the lung and the value of bronchoalveolar lavage in children with Niemann-Pick diseases. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of patient records. PATIENTS: Thirteen patients, with type A (n = 1), type B (n = 10), and type C (n = 2) Niemann-Pick disease, aged 2 months to 9 years at diagnosis, were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS: Lung involvement was assessed by clinical evaluation, chest radiograph, lung computed tomography (CT) scan, pulmonary function tests, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis. RESULTS: Respiratory symptoms were present at diagnosis in 10 patients and developed during follow up in the three other patients. All patients showed signs of interstitial lung disease on chest X-ray and lung CT scan. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis (n = 7) revealed a marked accumulation of foamy macrophages (Niemann-Pick cells) in all patients. At follow up, one patient died of respiratory failure, five patients required long term oxygen therapy and seven other patients presented a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 6) or chronic cough (n = 1). CONCLUSION: Lung disease was observed in all the patients included in the present study. Bronchoalveolar lavage may be useful in Niemann-Pick diseases by showing the presence of characteristic Niemann-Pick cells.     

Hepatobiliary disease in inflammatory bowel disease

Many hepatobiliary diseases are seen in IBD. PSC is the most common, occurring in 7.5% of patients with UC. The cause of PSC is not well understood, but PSC seems to be associated with genetic susceptibility, sharing some immunologic abnormalities with UC. A characteristic cholangiogram in a patient with abnormal liver function tests usually establishes the diagnosis. Liver biopsy is not essential but can help make the diagnosis of small duct PSC in patients with a normal cholangiogram. There are no medications that treat PSC effectively. Endoscopic dilation of dominant strictures reduces the frequency of cholangitis and may improve survival. OLT remains the only proven treatment of advanced PSC. Cholangiocarcinoma is a feared complication of PSC that is difficult to diagnose. Cholelithiasis, PBC, portal vein thrombosis, and hepatic abscess are hepatobiliary disorders that occur less frequently in IBD patients.     

Assessing disease activity and disease activity indices for inflammatory bowel disease

A crucial step in the development of clinical trials to determine the efficacy of various therapies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been the creation of activity indices. This article reviews the major components and operating characteristics of clinical activity indices commonly used in randomized, controlled trials of IBD therapy. In addition, the paper provides a brief overview of the developmental requirements for any new index.     

Joint disease in inflammatory bowel disease

The joint disorders taxonomically included in the group of seronegative spondyloarthropathies under the generic name of enteropathic arthropathy represent the most frequent extra-intestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), affecting 33% of patients. Their frequency is similar to that of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Enteropathic arthropathy consists of two main joint alterations, peripheral and axial arthritis, as well as a variable group of other peri-articular disorders. Type 1, or pauciarticular, peripheral arthritis generally coincides with IBD exacerbations, while type 2, or polyarticular, peripheral arthritis follows an independent course from IBD. Axial involvement precedes and follows an independent course from IBD and can behave as ankylosing spondylitis or asymptomatic sacroiliitis. The treatment of these rheumatologic disorders is based on the application of general measures and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents; intraarticular corticosteroid administration may eventually become necessary. Sulphasalazine and/or infliximab, which are indicated when the previously mentioned measures fail, can be used to treat both the articular and intestinal diseases simultaneously.