胆道再次手术的术前评估及处理

目的:探讨胆道再次手术的术前评估及处理.方法:对我院2003-01/2007.03收治的127例胆道再次手术病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果:胆道再次手术的主要原因是肝内外胆管结石残留或复发,占66.9%,其次为胆囊残留、胆管下端梗阻,胆漏等.再次胆道手术主要手术方式包括肝叶部分切除 胆肠Roux- en-Y吻合 T管引流.胆道再次手术并发症发生率10.2%.有7例胆道再次手术合并有门静脉高压症,术中出血达800-1500 mL.结论:为了减少胆道再次手术,需要充分的术前准备和评估,并选择合适的手术方案,术中详细的探查及术后合理的治疗.     

同期肝叶切除联合胆道镜手术的围手术期针对性护理效果观察

目的：探讨同期肝叶切除手术联合胆道镜手术的围手术期针对性护理效果。方法选取2012年5月至2014年5月我院收治的100例胆管结石患者,随机分为两组,即观察组（50例）和对照组（50例）。对对照组患者进行围手术期常规护理,对观察组患者进行针对性护理。结果观察组患者治疗的总有效率96％（48/50）明显比对照组80％（40/50）高（P＜0．05）;观察组患者对临床护理工作的满意度98％（49/50）明显高于照组74％（37/50）（P＜0．05）;观察组患者的术后并发症发生率10％（5/50）明显低于对照组24％（12/50）（P＜0．05）。结论同期肝叶切除手术联合胆道镜手术的围手术期针对性护理效果显著。     

53例胆管再次手术患者肝门部显露方法分析

1997年10月-2006年9月,我们共实施涉及肝门胆管（肝总管、左右肝管及汇合部）的胆道再次手术53例。现就术中肝门部胆管显露方法及结果作回顾性分析,以提高手术水平。     

肝方叶切除显露肝门行高位胆管癌切除术（附16例报告）

高位胆管癌也称肝门部胆管癌，占肝外胆管癌的58％～75％，近年其发病率有上升趋势。随着辅助检查手段和外科技术及观念的改进与更新肝门部胆管癌的手术切除率有很大提高。文献报告已超过60％。我院自1990-10／2001-10对16例高位胆管癌均采取肝方叶切除，充分显露肝门，使肿瘤切除率大大提高。     

肝尾状叶切除术在肝脏外科的应用——附22例肝尾状叶切除报告

目的:探讨肝尾状叶切除治疗肝肿瘤及肝尾状叶结石的适应症及手术方法。方法:分析肝尾状叶切除术的术前评估、手术方式、注意事项和术后并发症。结果:22例中原发性肝癌15例,肝血管瘤4例,肝尾状叶结石2例,肝门部胆管癌1例。肿瘤直径2～18cm。左侧入路9例,右侧入路8例,肝正中裂切开径路5例。行肝尾状突肿瘤切除9例,肝左尾状叶肿瘤切除5例,肝全尾状叶切除术8例。其中,联合行Ⅰ+Ⅸ+Ⅴ+Ⅵ段切除7例,Ⅰ+Ⅱ十Ⅲ+Ⅳ段切除5例,肝门部胆管癌根治术+肝尾状叶切除术1例。肝实质离断时间(20.8±11.6)分钟,出血量(340±250)ml。术后无围手术期死亡,无肝衰、胆汁漏、腹腔内大出血及严重感染,中量胸水3例,肺部感染2例。结论:术前影像检查及正确评估为手术成败关键。术中宜先易后难,争取良好的术野显露,分离肝短静脉时应细致,正确处理肝断面,必要时正确使用术中B超,上述措施可使肝尾状叶切除安全可行。     

腹腔镜在肝外胆道结石再手术中的应用价值

目的:比较腹腔镜与开腹手术在肝外胆管结石再手术治疗中的临床疗效.方法:将华北理工大学附属开滦总医院收治的244例胆道结石再手术患者依据术式随机划分为腹腔镜组121例和常规开腹手术组123例.比较两组患者手术情况、术后恢复情况及术后并发症情况.结果:腹腔镜组5例中转开腹,中转率4.13%,腹腔镜组患者平均手术时间显著长于开腹组(109.7 min±5.7min vs 97.8 min±7.7 min),术中平均出血量显著少于开腹组(32.7 m L±4.2 m L vs 92.7 m L±6.5 m L,P0.05);腹腔镜组术后肛门排气时间,术后镇痛次数,术后住院时间,均显著低于开腹组(1.7 d±0.1 d vs3.0 d±0.6 d,1.4次±1.0次vs 2.9次±0.7次,8.5 d±0.9 d vs 12.0 d±1.2 d,P0.05);腹腔镜组术后切口感染发生率显著低于开腹组(0%vs 4.88%,P0.05).结论:腹腔镜在肝外胆管结石再手术治疗方面安全有效,并且创伤较小、术后并发症少,术后恢复快,在术者经验丰富的前提下应作为胆道结石再手术的首选手术方式.     

常温下全肝血流分步阻断行肝左尾叶切除术

采用常温下全肝血流分步阻断法对３例左肝尾叶原发性肝癌患者行肝左尾叶切除,其中１例肿瘤侵及左肺内叶者同时行左半肝切除术。结果手术顺利,疗效满意。认为该术式的优点为：（１）对全身血流动力学影响不大。（２）提高了切除率。（３）可在直视下显示和切除肝左尾叶及肿瘤,并可修复大血管损伤。     

标记光亮胆道造影法在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

胆管损伤是胆囊切除手术严重且难以完全避免的并发症,在腹腔镜手术中这一并发症的发生率约0．32％。导致该并发症的主要原因是手术中未能辨清胆管解剖、胆道系统的不可直视性以及缺乏有效的辅助判断手段,因此,需要一个切实有效的方法来确定胆道系统的走向。自2007年2月至2008年11月,我们在腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）中使用标记光亮胆道造影法以明确胆道解剖走向,指引手术操作,取得了满意的效果,现报告如下。     

肝叶切除200例经验体会

本文报告了200例肝叶切除的经验体会,重点讨论了肝癌术中再诊断;肝叶切除时的血流控制;肝段切除和靠近肝门区肿瘤切除的方法。     

肝门胆管癌手术进展与争论

肝门胆管癌由于位置的特殊和不良的预后一直是外科医生关注的重点.目前手术是唯一可以治愈肝门胆管癌的手段,但是其面临的风险很大,难点较多,探索性的进步也很快.本文就目前在围手术期的处理和手术技能的发展与争论作一述评,以期帮助临床外科医生积极投身到提高技能的实践中去.     

Right hepatic lobectomy for bile duct injury associated with major vascular occlusion after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

A 57-year-old woman underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for cholelithiasis. Continuous bile leak was observed beginning on the first postoperative day. Postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiography revealed bile leak through the common hepatic duct, and severe stenosis of the hepatic confluence. A total of three percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) catheters were inserted to treat obstructive jaundice and cholangitis. The patient was referred to our hospital for surgery 118 days after LC. Cholangiography through the PTBD catheters demonstrated a hilar biliary obstruction. Celiac arteriography revealed obstruction of the right hepatic artery, and transarterial portography showed occlusion of the right anterior portal branch. On the basis of the cholangiographic and angiographic findings, we performed a right hepatic lobectomy with hepaticojejunostomy to resolve the bile duct obstruction and address the problem of major vascular occlusion. The patient's postoperative recovery was uneventful and she remains well 25 months after hepatectomy. We discuss a treatment strategy for bile duct injury suspected after LC, involving early investigation of the biliary tree and prompt intervention.     

肝叶切除治疗原发性肝内胆管结石

目的 了解肝叶切除治疗原发性肝内胆管结石的效果.方法 回顾性分析6年来对52例肝内胆管结石行肝叶切除联合其它术式的治疗效果.结果 右半肝切除术2例,右后叶切除术2例,非规则性右肝部分切除术9例,左半肝切除术13例,左外叶切除术26例.术后残石发生7例,经胆道镜取净5例.结论 肝叶切除治疗原发性肝内胆管结石是目前较理想的有效的手术方式.     

Right hepatic lobectomy for recurrent cholangitis after bile duct and hepatic artery injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: report of a case.

A patient is reported who required a right hepatic lobectomy for recurrent cholangitis due to injury of the major bile ducts and the right hepatic artery during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A 39 year-old woman with acute cholecystitis underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A laparotomy was performed due to a bile duct injury at the hepatic bifurcation. After surgery, she suffered from recurrent cholangitis due to inadequate biliary reconstruction. A right hepatic lobectomy and reconstruction of the left hepatic duct was required because of right hepatic lobe atrophy and recurrent cholangitis. After the 2nd operation, she was active and exhibited no evidence of recurrence at 22 months.     

Laparoscopic hepatic left lateral lobectomy combined with fiber choledochoscopic exploration of the common bile duct and traditional open operation

AIM： To investigate the possibilities and advantages of laparoscopic hepatic left lateral lobectomy combined with fiber choledochoscopic exploration of the common bile duct compaired with traditional open operation.METHODS： Laparoscopic hepatic left lateral lobectomy combined with fiber choledochoscopic exploration of the common bile duct and traditional open operation were performed in two groups of patients who had gallstones in the left lobe of liver and in the common bile duct. The hospitalization time, hospitalization costs, operation time, operative complications and post-operative liver functions of the two groups of patients were studied.RESULTS： The operation time and post-operative liver functions of the two groups of patients had no significant differences, while the hospitalization time, hospitalization costs and operative complications of the laparoscopic hepatic left lateral lobectomy combined with fiber choledochoscopic exploration in the common bile duct group were significantly lower than those in the traditional open operation group.CONCLUSION： For patients with gallstones in the left lobe of liver and in the common bile duct, laparoscopic hepatic left lateral lobectomy combined with fiber choledochoscopic exploration of the common bile duct can significantly shorten the hospitalization time, reduce the hospitalization costs and the post-operative complications,without prolonging the operation time and bringing about more liver function damages compared with traditional open operation. This kind of operation has more advantages than traditional open operation.     

Laparoscopic hepatic left lateral lobectomy combined with fiber choledochoscopic exploration of the common bile duct and traditional open operation

AIM: To investigate the possibilities and advantages of laparoscopic hepatic left lateral lobectomy combined with fiber choledochoscopic exploration of the common bile duct compaired with traditional open operation.METHODS: Laparoscopic hepatic left lateral lobectomy combined with fiber choledochoscopic exploration of the common bile duct and traditional open operation were performed in two groups of patients who had gallstones in the left lobe of liver and in the common bile duct. The hospitalization time, hospitalization costs, operation time, operative complications and post-operative liver functions of the two groups of patients were studied.RESULTS: The operation time and post-operative liver functions of the two groups of patients had no significant differences, while the hospitalization time, hospitalization costs and operative complications of the laparoscopic hepatic left lateral lobectomy combined with fiber choledochoscopic exploration in the common bile duct group were significantly lower than those in the traditional open operation group.CONCLUSION: For patients with gallstones in the left lobe of liver and in the common bile duct, laparoscopic hepatic left lateral lobectomy combined with fiber choledochoscopic exploration of the common bile duct can significantly shorten the hospitalization time, reduce the hospitalization costs and the post-operative complications,without prolonging the operation time and bringing about more liver function damages compared with traditional open operation. This kind of operation has more advantages than traditional open operation.     

A case of jaundice due to unilateral hepatic duct obstruction with relief after hepatic lobectomy

A case is reported of jaundice developing in a patient with obstruction of the left hepatic duct and partial obstruction of the right hepatic duct by tumour. Adequate drainage of bile from the right hepatic duct through a T-tube was relatively ineffective in relieving the jaundice. On the other hand, resection of the obstructed left lobe resulted in the disappearance of icterus. The basic mechanism involved in the production of jaundice under these circumstances is incompletely understood.     

Excretion of metroindazole in human bile. Investigations of hepatic bile, common duct bile, and gallbladder bile

Excretion of metronidazole (MNZ) in the normal and in the diseased biliary tract was investigated in 58 patients after oral or intravenous administration of MNZ. After oral administration MNZ appeared rapidly in hepatic bile, and throughout the period of absorption and elimination almost identical concentrations of MNZ were found in serum and hepatic bile. After intravenous administration no significant differences were found between concentrations of MNZ in common duct bile and serum in the non-obstructed common duct; in common duct obstruction, concentrations of MNZ in common duct bile were 56--99 per cent of corresponding concentrations in serum. MNZ was concentrated in normal gallbladders. In patients with gallbladder stones and preserved function of the gallbladder and in patients with no function of the gallbladder but a patent cystic duct, no significant differences were found between concentrations of MNZ in gallbladder bile, common duct bile, and serum. In most gallbladders with the cystic duct blocked by a stone, no MNZ was found in gallbladder bile.     

Management of bile duct injuries combined with accessory hepatic duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Bile duct injuries (BDIs) are difficult to avoid absolutely when the biliary tract has a malformation, such as accessory hepatic duct. Here, we investigated the management strategies for BDI combined with accessory hepatic duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.     

Mucin-producing bile duct carcinoma originating at the hepatic hilus

We describe a mucin-producing bile duct carcinoma that was resected and analyzed pathologically. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography disclosed amorphous filling defects in the dilated extrahepatic bile duct, suggesting that a large amount of mucin was excreted from the tumor. An intraductal amorphous filling defect showed shape change at different examination times. Pathology examination revealed a papillary tumor which showed mucus production, in the right hepatic duct. The cut section of the resected specimen showed a protuberant papillary lesion, measuring 14×14mm in diameter, forming a cystic mucous lake within the duct wall. Many cancer cells were also found in the mucous lake, the contents of which were strongly positive for mucin stain. The mucous lake developed laterally and communicated with the peribiliary glands, suggesting that the tumor had originated in these glands.