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1.
Farideh Nejat Parvin Tajik Mostafa El Khashab Syed Shuja Kazmi Ghamar Taj Khotaei Shahrzad Salahesh 《Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection》2008,41(2):112-117
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Shunt infection represents a particularly morbid condition, which can also result in mortality. In order to decrease the high morbidity and mortality rates, prevention is an essential step. The purpose of this study was to compare the prophylactic use of ceftriaxone and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) for the prevention of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt infection. METHODS: In this prospective, single-institution, randomized clinical trial, 107 children with hydrocephalus and an indication for shunting were randomly assigned to prophylaxis with ceftriaxone (n = 50) or SXT (55), each administered as a single dose during anesthesia and two divided doses postoperatively. Patients were followed up for at least one year. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 15 months, and 85% were aged 6 months or younger. During the first postoperative year, meningitis occurred in 13.5% of patients receiving ceftriaxone and 14.5% of the SXT group, with no statistically significant difference between the groups. Younger age, presence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage and aqueductal stenosis as a cause of hydrocephalus showed significant correlation with meningitis occurrence on univariate analysis. However, only the latter 2 factors were associated with meningitis on multivariate analysis. The risk of shunt infection did not correlate with the gender of the patient, time of VP shunt surgery, or duration of hospitalization for shunting. CONCLUSION: Ceftriaxone and SXT showed similar efficacy in preventing shunt infection. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage before or after VP shunt placement and aqueductal stenosis were independent risk factors for meningitis after VP shunt. 相似文献
2.
目的 提供一种预算患脑室腹腔分流装置实际流量的方法;方法 根据流体力学的相似原理,首先测定水通过患拟使用的分流装置的压力-流量关系,然后利用腰椎穿刺测定患颅内压及脑脊液粘度;利用流体力学相似准则推导公式,计算出脑脊液实际流量;结果 准确测算在一定体温、颅内压、脑脊液粘度的条件下脑脊液在分流装置中的流量,为术前选择分流装置及术后控制分流量提供客观依据;结论 此测算方法为进一步研究脑脊液粘度、蛋白含量、流量之间关系提供方法;并在一定条件下指导分流术前选管和术后分流管的管理。 相似文献
3.
I. Gabanyi F.H. Lojudice P.M. Kossugue E. Rebelato M.A. Demasi M.C. Sogayar 《Brazilian journal of medical and biological research》2013,46(2):121-127
The type I herpes simplex virus VP22 tegument protein is abundant and well known
for its ability to translocate proteins from one cell to the other. In spite of
some reports questioning its ability to translocate proteins by attributing the
results observed to fixation artifacts or simple attachment to the cell
membrane, VP22 has been used to deliver several proteins into different cell
types, triggering the expected cell response. However, the question of the
ability of VP22 to enter stem cells has not been addressed. We investigated
whether VP22 could be used as a tool to be applied in stem cell research and
differentiation due to its capacity to internalize other proteins without
altering the cell genome. We generated a VP22.eGFP construct to evaluate whether
VP22 could be internalized and carry another protein with it into two different
types of stem cells, namely adult human dental pulp stem cells and mouse
embryonic stem cells. We generated a VP22.eGFP fusion protein and demonstrated
that, in fact, it enters stem cells. Therefore, this system may be used as a
tool to deliver various proteins into stem cells, allowing stem cell research,
differentiation and the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells in the
absence of genome alterations. 相似文献
4.
Chih-Wei Hung Wei-Che Lin Wen-Neng Chang Tsung-Ming Su Chia-Te Kung Nai-Wen Tsai Hung-Chen Wang Chih-Cheng Huang Ben-Chung Cheng Yu-Jih Su Ya-Ting Chang Chih-Min Su Sheng-Yuan Hsiao Cheng-Hsien Lu 《Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection》2018,51(4):545-551
Purpose
Shunt procedures used to treat cryptococcal meningitis complicated with hydrocephalus and/or increased intracranial pressure (IICP) could result in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) overdrainage, thereby presenting therapeutic challenges.Methods
We analyzed the clinical features and neuroimaging findings after the ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt procedure in 51 HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)-negative patients with cryptococcal meningitis, to assess the risk factors associated with post-shunt CSF overdrainage.Results
Symptomatic CSF overdrainage occurred in 12% (6/51) of patients with cryptococcal meningitis who underwent the shunt procedure. Rapid deterioration of neurological conditions was found in 6 patients after the shunt procedure was performed, including disturbed consciousness, quadriparesis, and dysphasia in 5 patients and severe ataxia in 1. The mean duration of CSF overdrainage after the shunting procedure was 2–7 days (mean 4 days). The mean interval between meningitis onset to shunting procedure remained independently associated with CSF overdrainage, and the cut-off value for predicting CSF overdrainage in interval between meningitis onset to shunting procedure was 67.5 days.Conclusions
CSF overdrainage after the VP shunt procedure is not rare, especially in patients with a high-risk of cryptococcal meningitis who also have a prolonged duration of hydrocephalus and/or IICP. 相似文献5.
We have investigated the use of soluble chimeric trimers of the major capsid protein VP7 of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) as a vaccine delivery system by targeting some of the natural hydrophilic loops on the VP7 top domain for the insertion of foreign peptides. Key to this trimer display strategy is the solubility of AHSV VP7 and how the solubility of this hydrophobic protein can be manipulated by inserting peptides into the top domain. To investigate, we generated different cloning vectors by inserting multiple cloning sites at three different positions in the VP7 gene. These modifications inserted six amino acids at the cloning sites and in some cases this converted VP7 to a largely soluble protein without affecting the ability of the modified proteins to form trimers. The vectors were used to generate a number of soluble VP7 fusion proteins including a fusion with a 36 amino acid insert that overlaps important immunological domains on protein VP1 of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) as well as a 110 amino acid peptide derived from AHSV VP2. Soluble trimers of these fusion proteins were able to elicit a good insert-specific immune response in guinea pigs. l-Arginine was found to reverse protein aggregation and was employed as an effective strategy to isolate relatively pure soluble chimeric VP7 trimers. Another factor that increased VP7 solubility in both wild-type VP7 and one of the VP7 vector proteins was the substitution of the leucine residue in position 345 of the VP7 C-terminus with a hydrophilic arginine residue. 相似文献
6.
Serotype Specificity of the Neutralizing-Antibody Response Induced by the Individual Surface Proteins of Rotavirus in Natural Infections of Young Children 下载免费PDF全文
Griselda Menchaca Luis Padilla-Noriega Martha Mndez-Toss Juan F. Contreras Fernando I. Puerto Hector Guiscafr Felipe Mota Ismael Herrera Roberto Cedillo Onofre Muoz Richard Ward Yasutaka Hoshino Susana Lpez Carlos F. Arias 《Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI》1998,5(3):328-334
The relative contribution of the rotavirus surface proteins, VP4 and VP7, to the induction of homotypic as well as heterotypic neutralizing antibodies (NtAbs) in natural infections was studied. The NtAb titers of paired sera from 70 infants with serologically defined primary rotavirus infections were determined with a panel of rotavirus reassortants having one surface protein from a human rotavirus (serotypes G1 to G4 for VP7 and P1A and P1B for VP4) and the other surface protein from a heterologous animal rotavirus strain. A subset of 37 children were evaluated for epitope-specific antibodies to the two proteins by an epitope-blocking assay. The infants were found to seroconvert more frequently to VP4 than to VP7 by both methods, although the titers of the seroconverters were higher to VP7 than to VP4. Both proteins induced homotypic as well as heterotypic NtAbs. G1 VP7 frequently induced a response to both G1 and G3 VP7s, while G3 VP7 and P1A VP4 induced mostly homotypic responses. 相似文献
7.
Alon Kashanian Julie Chan Debraj Mukherjee Barry D. Pressman Deborah Krakow Moise Danielpour 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》2020,182(8):1896-1905
The role of cervicomedullary decompression (CMD) in the care of hydrocephalic achondroplastic children who present with simultaneous foramen magnum stenosis is not well understood. We sought to determine the percentage of symptomatic achondroplastic children with foramen magnum stenosis who had stabilization or improvement in ventriculomegaly following CMD. The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of pediatric patients at Cedars‐Sinai Medical Center with achondroplasia and signs of progressive ventriculomegaly who underwent CMD for symptomatic foramen magnum stenosis between the years 2000 and 2018. Clinical outcomes included changes in fontanelle characteristics, head circumference (HC) percentile, and incidence of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting. Radiographic outcomes measured included changes in Evans ratio. We excluded individuals who were shunted before CMD from our study. Sixteen children presented with symptomatic foramen magnum stenosis and full anterior fontanelle or jump in the HC percentiles. Two children underwent placement of a VP shunt before decompressive surgery and were excluded from further analysis. Of the remaining 14 children who underwent CMD, 13 (93%) showed softening or flattening of their fontanelles post‐operatively. Ten of these 14 children had both pre‐ and post‐operative HC percentile records available, with 8 showing increasing HC percentiles before surgery. Seven of those eight children (88%) showed a deceleration or stabilization of HC growth velocity following decompression of the foramen magnum. Among 10 children with available pre‐ and post‐operative brain imaging, ventricular size improved in 5 (50%), stabilized in 2 (20%), and slightly increased in 3 (30%) children after decompression. Two children (14%) required a shunt despite decompression of the foramen magnum. A significant proportion of children with concomitant signs of raised intracranial pressure or findings of progressive ventriculomegaly and foramen magnum stenosis may have improvement or stabilization of these findings following CMD. CMD may decrease the need for VP shunting and its associated complications in the select group of hydrocephalic children with achondroplasia presenting with symptomatic foramen magnum stenosis. 相似文献
8.
Summary. The interaction between the rotavirus proteins viral protein 6 (VP6) and VP7 was examined in several exogenous protein expression
systems. These proteins associated in the absence of other rotaviral proteins as demonstrated by a coimmunoprecipitation assay.
Deletion analysis of VP7 indicated that truncations of either the mature amino or carboxyl terminus disrupted the proper folding
of the protein and were not able to coimmunoprecipitate VP6. Truncation analysis of VP6 indicated that trimerization of VP6
was necessary, but not sufficient, for VP7 binding. MAb mapping and coimmunoprecipitation interference assays indicate that
the VP6 amino acid residues between 271 and 342 are required for VP7 interaction. The interaction of VP6 and VP7 was also
examined by the assembly of soluble VP7 onto baculovirus-expressed virus-like particles containing VP2 and VP6. Abrogation
of this binding by preincubation of the particles with VP6 MAbs mapped to this same domain of VP6, validated our coimmunoprecipitation
results. VP6 IgA MAbs that have been shown to be protective in vivo, but not a nonprotective IgA MAb, can interfere with VP7
binding to VP6. This suggests that these IgA MAbs may protect against rotavirus infection by blocking rotavirus assembly.
Accepted November 8, 2000 Received July 31, 2000 相似文献
9.
Ribosome shunting in the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA leader is a special case of reinitiation of translation functioning in plant and animal systems 下载免费PDF全文
The shunt model predicts that small ORFs (sORFs) within the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S RNA leader and downstream ORF VII are translated by different mechanisms, that is, scanning-reinitiation and shunting, respectively. Wheat germ extract (WGE) and rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL) in vitro translation systems were used to discriminate between these two processes and to study the mechanism of ribosomal shunt. In both systems, expression downstream of the leader occurred via ribosomal shunt under the control of a stable stem and a small ORF preceding it. Shunting ribosomes were also able to initiate quite efficiently at non-AUG start codons just downstream of the shunt landing site in WGE but not in RRL. The short sORF MAGDIS from the mammalian AdoMetDC RNA, which conditionally suppresses reinitiation at a downstream ORF, prevented shunting if placed at the position of sORF A, the 5'-proximal ORF of the CaMV leader. We have demonstrated directly that sORF A is translated and that proper termination of translation at the 5'-proximal ORF is absolutely required for both shunting and linear ribosome migration. These findings strongly indicate that shunting is a special case of reinitiation. 相似文献
10.
Seroprevalence of parvovirus B19 NS1-specific IgG in B19-infected and uninfected individuals and in infected pregnant women 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Hemauer A Gigler A Searle K Beckenlehner K Raab U Broliden K Wolf H Enders G Modrow S 《Journal of medical virology》2000,60(1):48-55
Parvovirus B19 is the causative agent of erythema infectiosum in children, but the virus is associated with an increasing range of different diseases. These include acute and chronic arthritis, hydrops fetalis in pregnant women, aplastic anemia, and thrombocytopenia. The host's immune response is directed against the viral structural proteins VP1 and VP2. This study investigated the presence of IgG against the viral nonstructural protein NS1 using Western blot. Serum panels from healthy individuals, B19-infected pregnant women, and various disease groups were tested. The disease groups included patients with symptoms that may be linked to parvovirus B19 infection. The results showed that IgG against the NS1 protein was present in 22% of healthy individuals with past B19 infection. In cases of persistent or prolonged B19 infections, the prevalence of NS1-specific antibodies was as high as 80%. It is concluded that NS1-specific IgG may be used as an indicator of chronic or more severe courses of parvovirus B19 infections. 相似文献
11.
L. -F. Wang A. D. Hyatt P. L. Whiteley M. Andrew J. K. -K. Li B. T. Eaton 《Archives of virology》1996,141(1):111-123
Summary The core of bluetongue virus (BTV) consists of ten dsRNA viral genome segments and five proteins, including two major (VP7 and VP3) and three minor (VP1, VP4 and VP6) components. The major core protein VP7 is believed to be an important structural constituent because it interacts, not only with the underlying core protein VP3, but also with two outer capsid proteins (VP2 and VP5). In this communication we summarise data on the mapping of at least six different epitopes of VP7 distributed along the molecule. Two of the six epitopes have not been mapped previously. The accessibility of these epitopes in intact virions and core particles was analysed using immunoelectron microscopy. The epitope located near the N-terminus of VP7 was accessible at the surface of intact virions and core particles. Epitopes in other parts of the VP7 molecule were detected weakly in core particles but not in intact virions. These results support the proposal that VP7 molecules are orientated with their N-terminus accessible on the surface of either the particle or at least one of the three different channels observed by cryoelectron microscopy in the outer capsid layer. Analysis of the immune response to BTV-infected or -immunised sheep and rabbits to three selected epitopes, which are located in different regions of the VP7 molecule, demonstrated that all of them were recognised by the animals tested. These results provided further molecular evidence suggesting that VP7 is indeed a major immunogenic antigen ideal for BTV antibody detection. 相似文献
12.
Interaction of hepatocytes and pancreatic islets cotransplanted in polymeric matrices 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kneser U Kaufmann PM Fiegel HC Pollok JM Rogiers X Kluth D Herbst H 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》1999,435(2):125-132
Heterotopic hepatocyte transplantation (HcTx) in polymeric matrices may become an alternative to liver transplantation for
metabolic disorders. Hepatotrophic stimulation by means of a portocaval shunt operation is an established, but invasive, procedure
used to optimize hepatocyte engraftment in matrices. We evaluated hepatocyte and pancreatic islet cotransplantation (ICT)
as an alternative noninvasive approach to hepatotrophic stimulation. Lewis rats served as donors and recipients. Hepatocytes
and islets were isolated using collagenase digestion and seeded into polyvinylalcohol matrices. HcTx and ICT were compared
with HcTx plus portocaval shunt and HcTx without stimulation. Matrices were investigated at 1, 3, and 6 months after implantation:
the test methods applied were trichrome staining, PAS, immunohistochemistry for insulin, glucagon and incorporated BrdU, and
in situ hybridization for albumin RNA. Hepatocytes expressed albumin RNA and formed conglomerates without atypias in all animals.
ICT and portocaval shunting increased the number of hepatocytes and BrdU uptake. Alpha cells migrated into the islet-surrounding
hepatocytes, whereas beta cells remained immobile. It is concluded that ICT and portocaval shunting supported engraftment
of hepatocytes in polymeric matrices equally well. ICT did not interfere with recipient glucose metabolism and did not induce
hyperproliferative premalignant foci within the transplanted hepatocytes. The technique is an attractive approach to hepatotrophic
stimulation of bioartificial liver equivalents.
Received: 10 February 1999 / Accepted: 22 April 1999 相似文献
13.
The exposed proteins of bluetongue virus serotype 17 were determined using surface labeling and reactivity with monoclonal antibodies. Iodination of amino groups predominantly labeled VP2; however, iodination of tyrosine residues labeled both VP2 and VP5, with VP7 labeled to a significantly lesser degree. To investigate the exposure of VP7 on the intact virion further, monoclonal antibodies that reacted with this protein were used. At least two antibodies, reacting with different epitopes on VP7, bound to intact virions, as determined by adsorption of infectious particles, electron microscopic observation of antibody-bound virus, and co-sedimentation of antibody and virus. Surface iodination of viral cores was used to show that VP7 and VP3 are major exposed proteins on these particles. We conclude that a major core protein, VP7, has at least two epitopes exposed on the virus surface. 相似文献
14.
Analysis of white spot syndrome virus envelope protein complexome by two-dimensional blue native/SDS PAGE combined with mass spectrometry 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a large enveloped virus, but the organization of its envelope proteins remains largely
unknown. In the present study, we used blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE) and SDS-PAGE in combination
with mass spectrometry to analyze the envelope protein complexome of WSSV. Our results show that the viral envelope consists
of multi-protein complexes (MPCs). Within them, the envelope protein VP19 exists as a homotrimer, while another major envelope
protein, VP28, mainly exists as a homotetramer. The most notable feature is that the majority of MPCs include VP26 and VP24,
suggesting that these two proteins might serve as hub proteins to recruit low-abundance proteins to MPCs and play crucial
roles in the process of protein complex formation. Furthermore, we found significant evidence for interactions between several
low-abundance proteins, such as VP52B/VP38/VP33 and VP12/VP150. The result of this study may promote the further research
on WSSV envelope assembly. 相似文献
15.
Previous vaccine efforts with Ebola virus Zaire (EBOV-Z) emphasized the potential protective efficacies of immune responses to the surface glycoprotein and the nucleoprotein. To determine whether the VP24, VP30, VP35, and VP40 proteins are also capable of eliciting protective immune responses, these genes were expressed from alphavirus replicons and used to vaccinate BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Although all of the VP proteins were capable of inducing protective immune responses, no single VP protein protected both strains of mice tested. VP24, VP30, and VP40 induced protective immune responses in BALB/c mice, whereas C57BL/6 mice survived challenge only after vaccination with VP35. Passive transfer of immune sera to the VP proteins did not protect unvaccinated mice from lethal disease. The demonstration that the VP proteins are capable of eliciting protective immune responses to EBOV-Z indicates that they may be important components of a vaccine designed to protect humans from Ebola hemorrhagic fever. 相似文献
16.
D A Reddy C C Bergmann J C Meyer J Berriman G W Both B E Coupar D B Boyle M E Andrew A R Bellamy 《Virology》1992,189(2):423-434
The major inner capsid protein of rotavirus is VP6, a 42-kDa polypeptide that forms the icosahedral surface of the rotavirus single-shelled particle. A chimeric form of VP6 (VP6sc) was constructed containing an upstream leader sequence derived from the influenza virus hemagglutinin and a downstream membrane-spanning (anchor) domain from a mouse immunoglobulin gene. When VP6sc was expressed in cells using a recombinant vaccinia virus, the protein was transported, glycosylated, and anchored in the plasma membrane as a trimer with the major domains of the protein orientated externally. Immunofluorescence and immunolabeling with colloidal gold indicated that VP6sc also localized in patches on the cell surface; electron microscopy revealed that the protein assembled into two-dimensional arrays which exhibited the same periodicity as the paracrystalline arrays formed by purified (viral) VP6. Mice inoculated with a recombinant vaccinia virus that expressed VP6sc produced rotavirus-specific antibodies at a titer 10 times higher than that achieved when wild-type, intracellular VP6 was delivered in the same way. Presentation at the cell surface therefore may represent a general method for enhancing the immunogenicity of rotavirus proteins. 相似文献
17.
Evidence of DNA: protein interactions that mediate HSV-1 immediate early gene activation by VP16 总被引:50,自引:0,他引:50
The viral genes first expressed upon lytic infection by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encode the five immediate early (IE) proteins. IE gene expression is potently and specifically induced by a virion protein termed VP16. Previous studies have shown that the activating properties of VP16 are IE gene specific and mediated by upstream regulatory elements common to each IE gene. Paradoxically, however, VP16 does not appear to be a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein. To understand the specificity of VP16 activation, we identified the cis-regulatory sequences of an IE gene that mediate VP16 response. Two distinct DNA sequence motifs enable the ICP4 gene to respond to VP16. Biochemical fractionation of nuclear proteins from uninfected cells revealed the existence of cellular proteins that bind directly to each of these VP16 cis-response elements. These observations, in concert with the identification of functional domains of the VP16 protein, lead to the hypothesis that VP16 achieves activation specificity via protein: protein, rather than protein: DNA, interactions. 相似文献
18.
Interaction of white spot syndrome virus VP26 protein with actin 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
VP26 protein, the product of the WSV311 gene of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), is one of major structural proteins of virus. In this study, when purified virions were treated with Triton X-100 detergent, VP26 protein was present in both the envelope and the nucleocapsid fraction. We have rationalized this finding by suggesting that VP26 protein might be located in the space between the envelope and the nucleocapsid. By using a fluorescent probe method, we have investigated the interaction between VP26 protein and some proteins of host cells. Three major VP26-binding proteins were purified from crayfish hemocytes by affinity-chromatography, in which the protein with an apparent molecular mass of 42 kDa was identified as actin by mass spectrometry (MS). Moreover, the association of VP26 protein with actin microfilaments was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation. 相似文献
19.
The internal rotavirus protein VP6 primes for an enhanced neutralizing antibody response 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Summary. We studied in the rotavirus system whether the internal protein VP6 could prime for an enhancement in the production of neutralizing
antibodies (NeuAb) against the external proteins, VP7 and VP4. It was found that BALB/c mice immunized with recombinant YM
VP6 protein, and challenged i.p. with a heterologous rotavirus had an increase in the production of serum NeuAb compared to
the control. This response was both homotypic and heterotypic, and involved an increase of NeuAb belonging to the IgM and
IgG isotypes. Mice immunized with the recombinant VP6 and challenged orally with infectious murine rotavirus cleared the infection
one day earlier than the control not immunized with VP6, and showed a small increase of total fecal anti-rotavirus IgA. The
results suggest that the T-helper (Th) cells specific for VP6 can provide cognate help to B cells specific for neutralizing
epitopes on the VP7 and/or VP4 molecules, and that this help can be heterotypic. Finally, we provide evidence that this phenomenon
may be happening during infection.
Received April 20, 1999/Accepted October 5, 1999 相似文献
20.
Le Monnier A Blanot S Abachin E Beretti JL Berche P Kayal S 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2011,49(11):3924-3927
We report a case of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt infection in a 3-year-old boy caused by the food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, subsequent to acute peritonitis. This unusual presentation of central nervous system (CNS) listeriosis underlines the ability of the bacteria to form and survive within biofilms on indwelling medical devices. Bacterial persistence may lead to treatment failure and spreading. We highlight the helpfulness of specific quantitative real-time PCR for the hly gene (PCR-hly) for the diagnosis and follow-up of such infections in detecting bacterial persistence within medical devices despite effective antibiotic treatment. Only the surgical replacement of the VP shunt will resolve the infection. 相似文献