镇咳药磷酸苯丙哌林的合成新方法

目的镇咳药磷酸苯丙哌林现有的合成方法成本较高,步骤繁琐。在此基础上研究,得到了步骤少,反应易控制,成本低廉的工艺。方法以苯酚和苯甲醇扣原料,活性氧化铝为催化剂制得邻苄基酚,与环氧丙烷加成得中间体（2-苄基苯氧基）-2-丙醇,用氯化亚砜氯取代,再与哌啶反应,与磷酸成盐即得产品。结果产品合格,检测红外图谱与药典红外图谱579相同。结论工艺操作可行,适合工业化。     

(2R,4R)-4-甲基-2-哌啶甲酸乙酯的合成工艺改进

目的 优化(2R,4R)-4-甲基-2-哌啶甲酸乙酯的合成工艺.方法 以S-(-)-α-甲基苄胺为原料,与乙醛酸乙酯反应得到[(S)-1-苯乙基亚胺基]乙酸乙酯,与异戊二烯进行环合后,再经不对称氢化和脱保护反应制得(2R,4R)-4-甲基-2-哌啶甲酸乙酯.结果 总收率从17.0％提高至47.6％.结论 本工艺可有效地降低生产成本.     

磷酸苯丙哌林缓释胶囊的制备及生物等效性研究

目的 制备磷酸苯丙哌林缓释胶囊,并考察与磷酸苯丙哌林缓释片的生物等效性.方法 采用熔融法固体分散技术和滴丸工艺,制备磷酸苯丙哌林缓释胶囊;用RP-HPLC法测定Beagle犬单次和多次口服磷酸苯丙哌林缓释胶囊和参比制剂的血药浓度,并进行生物等效性评价.结果 磷酸苯丙哌林两种制剂的体外释放基本一致,在Beagle犬体内均具缓释特征.结论 磷酸苯丙哌林缓释胶囊具有缓释特征,与缓释片等效.     

蝙蝠葛苏林碱光学异构体的合成及其钙拮抗活性的研究

以香兰醛和苯乙腈为起始原料,经合成及拆分得到四个光学活性的单苄基异喹啉化合物5～8。进而通过 Ullmann 反应,使5-7,6-8,5-8,6-7结合,然后分别脱苄基得 R,R-、S,S-、R,S-和 S,R-蝙蝠葛苏林碱。药理试验表明,其钙拮抗活性的顺序是 S,R-构型>R,S-构型>R,R-构型>S,S-构型。     

磺酸化-β-环糊精作为手性选择剂分离4种碱性药物对映体

目的建立高效毛细管电泳法分离苯丙哌林、益康唑、酚苄明和美西律共4种手性药物对映体。方法采用未涂层的熔融毛细管柱,以磺酸化-β-环糊精(sulfated-β-cyclodextrin,S-β-CD)为手性选择剂,背景电解质选用磷酸盐缓冲液,分离电压为20 k V。分别考察了手性选择剂S-β-CD的质量浓度、背景电解质p H值、缓冲溶液浓度和温度对对映体分离的影响,优化了分离条件。结果在最佳条件下,4种手性药物对映体均得到完全分离,最佳分离度(R)分别为6.4、4.2、14.7和3.1。结论 S-β-CD对4种碱性药物均具有较高的对映体选择性。     

磷酸苯丙哌林人体药代动力学及其制剂的相对生物利用度研究

本文首次报道了测定苯丙哌林血浆浓度的高效液相色谱法及该药在人体内的药代动力学行为.绘制了10名健康男性受试者服用磷酸苯丙哌林两种制剂60 mg(以苯丙哌林计)后的血浆浓度-时间曲线,用TopFit 2.0软件进行房室模型拟合,结果表明苯丙哌林体内药动学过程符合二室模型.磷酸苯丙哌林分散片和胶囊的Tmax分别为1.76 ± 0.29 h和1.80 ± 0.41 h, Cmax分别为479.4 ± 171.5和456.4 ± 173.9 μg· L- 1;AUC0-t为4309.4 ± 1549.9和4119.5 ± 2018.8 μg· L-1· h.统计检验表明,10名受试者服用两种制剂后的药代动力学参数无显著性差异,具有生物等效性.     

高效毛细管电泳法拆分5种手性药物

目的:以硫酸化-β-环糊精(S-β-CD)为手性选择剂,建立毛细管电泳法分离苯丙哌林、曲马多、联苯苄唑、利阿唑和1-苄基-3哌啶醇5种对映体药物。方法:采用未涂壁熔融石英毛细管柱,磷酸二氢钠缓冲溶液,分离电压20 kV,考察了硫酸化-β-环糊精质量浓度、背景电解质pH值、缓冲盐浓度共3个因素对手性药物拆分的影响。结果:在最优的电泳条件下5种药物均达到基线分离,分离度分别为10.41,6.10,4.09,2.80,5.50。结论:所建立的方法适于苯丙哌林、曲马多、联苯苄唑、利阿唑和1-苄基-3哌啶醇的对映体分离。     

人血浆中磷酸苯丙哌林的测定及其缓释制剂在人体内的生物等效性研究

目的 建立快速测定人血浆中磷酸苯丙哌林浓度的方法,并用于评价磷酸苯丙哌林缓释制剂的生物等效性.方法 24名健康志愿者分别单剂量空腹口服40mg磷酸苯丙哌林缓释片和缓释胶囊,给药后于不同时间收集血浆样品,采用液液萃取的方法进行生物样品前处理,采用LC-MS/MS法测定磷酸苯丙哌林在血浆中的浓度.用DAS ver2.1.1药动学软件进行数据处理并进行等效性分析.结果 磷酸苯丙哌林浓度的线性范围为0.25～500 ng·mL-1(r=0.9997).最低定量限为0.25ng·mL-1,最低定量限的RSD=8.78%;磷酸苯丙哌林及内标的萃取回收率均大于75%.日内、日间RSD均小于11%,高、中、低浓度血浆样品的平均方法回收率分别为100.41%、100.81%、105.96%.磷酸苯丙哌林缓释胶囊和缓释片的药动学参数:Tmax为4.21±0.55、4.19±0.51 h;Cmax为82.12±14.27、78.43±10.44ng·mL-1;AUC0-72为2113.45±770.19、2076.89±818.25μg·h·L-1.结论 所建方法灵敏、准确、专属性强,适用于磷酸苯丙哌林血药浓度的测定及其药动学的研究;受试制剂与参比制剂具有生物等效性.     

高效液相色谱法测定犬血浆中磷酸苯丙哌林的质量浓度

目的建立用于测定犬血浆中磷酸苯丙哌林质量浓度的高效液相色谱法。方法以0.02 mol/L磷酸二氢钾(含0.5%三乙胺,磷酸调pH至4.0)-乙腈(60∶40)为流动相,尼卡地平为内标,血浆样品经正己烷-异丙醇的混合溶剂萃取后,采用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中磷酸苯丙哌林的质量浓度。结果磷酸苯丙哌林质量浓度在0.01～0.80μg/mL范围内与峰面积比线性关系良好(r2=0.998);平均相对回收率为96.89%～109.30%,日内和日间精密度RSD均小于12%,最低检测限为5 ng/mL。结论所用方法快速、准确、灵敏,可用于磷酸苯丙哌林的药代动力学研究。     

2-（5-氨基-1，2，4-噻二唑-3-基）-2-（Z）-甲氧亚氨基乙酸S-苯并噻唑硫酯的合成

2-(5-氨基-1,2,4-噻二唑-3-基)-2-(Z)-甲氧亚氨基乙酰胺与2-巯基苯并噻唑为原料,哌啶为溶剂,在三乙胺催化下反应制得头孢菌素中间体2-(5-氨基-1,2,4-噻二唑-3-基)-2-(Z)-甲氧亚氨基乙酸S-苯并噻唑硫酯,收率约76%。     

Effects of (+/-)- (+)- and (-)-metoprolol, (+/-)- (+)- and (-)-pindolol, (+/-)-mepindolol and (+/-)-bopindolol on the rat left atria and portal vein.

1. The effects of (+/-)- (+)- and (-)-metoprolol, (+/-)- (+)- and (-)-pindolol, (+/-)-mepindolol and (+/-)-bopindolol on the beta 1-adrenoceptor mediated responses of the rat left atria and the beta 2-adrenoceptor mediated responses of the rat portal vein to isoprenaline have been determined. 2. Racemic and (-)-metoprolol were selective beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonists. (+)-Metoprolol was devoid of beta-adrenoceptor antagonistic activity. 3. Racemic and (-)-pindolol were potent and (+)-pindolol was a modest beta-adrenoceptor antagonist. 4. (+/-)-Mepindolol and (+/-)-bopindolol were apparently competitive antagonists of the isoprenaline beta 1-adrenoceptor mediated responses of the rat left atria but non-competitive antagonists of the isoprenaline beta 2-adrenoceptor mediated responses of the rat portal vein. 5. It is suggested that (+/-)-mepindolol and (+/-)-bopindolol are slowly dissociating beta-adrenoceptor antagonists and the non-competitive antagonism can only be detected on tissues with modest receptor reserves for maximum responses to isoprenaline.     

Synthesis of (R)-(-)- and (S)-(+)-4-fluorodeprenyl and (R)-(-)- and (S)-(+)-[N-11C-methyl]-4-fluorodeprenyl and positron emission tomography studies in baboon brain

(R)-(-)- and (S)-(+)-alpha-methyl-beta-4-(fluorophenyl)-N-methyl-N- propynylethylamine [R)-(-)- and (S)-(+)-4-fluorodeprenyl) were synthesized via the reaction of 4-fluorobenzaldehyde with nitroethane followed by reduction with lithium aluminum hydride to produce racemic 4-fluoroamphetamine, which was resolved by recrystallization with L- or D-N-acetylleucine to yield (R)-(-)-4-fluoroamphetamine or (S)-(+)-4-fluoroamphetamine in greater than 96% enantiomeric excesses and in yields of 42 and 39%, respectively. Alkylation with propargyl bromide gave (R)-(-)- or (S)-(+)-4-fluoronordeprenyl which was reductively methylated (Borch conditions) to produce (R)-(-)- or (S)-(+)-4-fluorodeprenyl. Alkylation of (R)-(-)- or (S)-(+)-4-fluoronordeprenyl with carbon-11 labeled methyl iodide gave (R)-(-)- or (S)-(+)-[N-11C-methyl]-4-fluorodeprenyl in a radiochemical yield of 30-40%. Comparative PET studies of the two labeled enantiomers in baboons showed a significantly lower retention of radioactivity in the striatum for the (S)-(+) enantiomer relative to the (R)-(-) enantiomer.     

Synthesis and dopamine agonist and antagonist effects of (R)-(-)- and (S)-(+)-11-hydroxy-N-n-propylnoraporphine

The R-(-) and S-(+) enantiomers of 11-hydroxy-N-n-propylnoraporphine, (R)-3 and (S)-3, were synthesized in six steps from 1-(3-methoxy-2-nitrobenzyl)isoquinoline. Neuropharmacological evaluation of the R and S isomers (by affinity to dopamine receptor sites in rat brain tissues, induction of stereotyped behavior, and interaction with motor arousal induced by (R)-apomorphine in the rat) indicated that, similar to the 10,11-dihydroxy congener 2, both enantiomers can bind to dopamine receptors but that only (R)-3 activates them, whereas (S)-3 shows activity as a dopaminergic antagonist.     

头孢曲松钠中残留的三嗪环的定性定量研究

目的:对头孢曲松钠中的三嗪环进行定性定量测定,可以控制其残留总量,减少过敏反应的发生,促进工艺改进。方法:本文采用质谱(MS)、红外吸收光谱(IR)与核磁共振谱(NMR),对获得的三嗪环参照品进行结构确认,然后用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对其在头孢曲松钠中的残留进行定量测定。结果:表明所获得的三嗪环参照品纯度很高,能够对头孢曲松钠作定性定量分析。结论:头孢曲松钠中三嗪环的残留在安全限度之中。     

喹诺酮类抗菌药物的研究XV.6—氯—1（2,4—二氟苯基）—7—（1—？…

合成了12个6-氯-1-(2,4-二氟苯基)-7-(1-哌嗪基)-1,4-二氢-4-氧代喹啉-3-羧酸及其类似物,并测定了它们的体外抗菌活性。结果表明,其中4Ab对金葡菌-9的活性是环丙沙星的12倍、诺氟沙星的50倍。     

Pharmacokinetics of (+)-, (-)- and (+/-)-verapamil after intravenous administration

The pharmacokinetics of (+)-, (-)-, and (+/-)-verapamil were studied in five healthy volunteers following i.v. administration of the drugs. Pronounced differences of the various pharmacokinetic parameters were observed between the (-)- and (+)-isomers. The values for CL, V, Vz, and Vss of the (-)-isomer were substantially higher as compared to the (+)-isomer, whereas terminal t 1/ 2Z was nearly identical for both isomers. No dose dependency of the pharmacokinetics could be observed in two subjects who received 5, 7.5 and 10 mg of (-)- and 5, 25 and 50 mg of (+)-verapamil. Protein binding for the two isomers was also different. The fu of (-)- (0.11) was almost twice as much as that of (+)-verapamil (0.064). Pharmacokinetic parameters of (+/-)-verapamil, which was administered to three subjects who had received (+)- and (-)-verapamil, were very similar to the averaged values of the isomers given separately. Due to the higher CL of (-)-verapamil the extraction ratio of the (-)-isomer is substantially higher. Thus, it can be anticipated that following oral administration of racemic verapamil bioavailability of (-)-verapamil will be substantially less. Since the (-)-isomer is more potent than the (+)-isomer, the present findings could explain the reported differences in the concentration-effect relationship after i.v. and oral administration of racemic verapamil.     

反相HPLC法测定大鼠血浆中17-烯丙胺基-17-脱甲基格尔德霉素及其代谢产物17-氨基-17-脱甲基格尔德霉素

目的:建立大鼠血浆中17-烯丙胺基-17-脱甲基格尔德雷素(17AAG)和17-氨基-17-脱甲基格尔德雷素(17AG)的反相高效液相色谱分析方法,用于17AAG 及其主要代谢产物17AG 的临床前药代动力学研究。方法:以α-萘酚为内标,用乙酸乙酯将17AAG 和17AG 从大鼠血浆中萃取分离吹干后,流动相复溶,HPLC 分析。色谱柱为日产迪玛 Inertsil-ODS 3色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈-25 mmol·L~(-1)磷酸盐缓冲液(含三乙胺10 mmol·L~(-1))(55:45,pH=3.0),流速1 mL·min~(-1),紫外检测波长313 nm。结果:17AAG、17AG 及内标α-萘酚与内源性干扰分离良好,17AAG 和17AG 在10.0-16000.0μg·L~(-1)浓度范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9992和0.9987,平均萃取回收率均大于80%,内标回收率为85%。2种组分的最低定量限为10μg·L~(-1)。17AAG 日内 RSD 为2.9%～11.3%,日间 RSD 为6.5%～18.5%;17AG 日内RSD 为3.0%～3.8%,日间 RSD 为5.9%～16.4%。大鼠舌下静脉推注17AAG 15 mg·kg~(-1)后,其主要药动学参数为:CL=21.14 mL·min~(-1)·kg~(-1),AUC=206.5μg·min·mL~(-1),t_(1/2α)=24.82 min,t_(1/2β)=116.20 min,V\-c=1046.3 mL·kg~(-1)。结论:本法可满足17AAG 临床前药代动力学研究的要求。     

Antinociceptive effects of (+/-)-, (+)- and (-)-nefopam in mice

The antinociceptive activity of (+/-)-, (+)- and (-)-nefopam in mice has been examined using the hot-plate, formalin and tail-flick tests. Nefopam was administered by the intraperitoneal, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and intrathecal (i.th.) routes. Intraperitoneal injection of (+/-)-nefopam (10-20 mg kg-1) had powerful analgesic effects in the hot-plate and formalin tests. In the tail-flick test it produced a weak, but significant elevation of the response latencies. In spinalized animals, however, the effect was abolished, indicating that nefopam prolonged the tail-flick latencies by activation of descending pain-modulating pathways. (+/-)-Nefopam (5-20 micrograms) elicited analgesia in the hot-plate test after i.c.v. or i.th. injection. These findings suggest that nefopam has both a spinal and a supraspinal site of action. (+)-Nefopam was significantly more potent than (-)-nefopam after both systemic and central administration.     

Synthesis and pharmacological properties of some 2-(3-aminopropionyl)- and 2-(3-aminopropyl)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carbolines

Five derivatives of 2-(3-aminopropionyl)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline (2a-e) were obtained, which yielded, as a result of reduction with LiAlH4, five respective 2-aminopropyl-derivatives (3a-e). Pharmacological studies revealed that phenylpiperazine-derivatives 2d, 2e, 3d and 3e have sedative and analgesic properties. All compounds are devoided of neuroleptic, antidepressant, anxiolytic and antiparkinsonic activity.