河北涿州、高碑店市特教学校非综合征性聋分子病因学分析——GJB2 235delC突变、SLC26A4 IVS7-2A＞G突变和线粒体DNA12SrRNA A1555G突变筛查报告

目的 对河北涿州、高碑店地区重度耳聋患者进行分子流行病学调查，了解耳聋的常见分子病因。方法 对河北涿州、高碑店市特殊教育学校64名耳聋学生进行遗传性耳聋问卷调查、全面的体格检查、耳鼻咽喉专科检查以及听力学评估（包括纯音测听和声导抗）。对64名非综合征型感音神经性耳聋患者分别进行GJB2基因235delC突变、线粒体DNA 12SrRNA基因A1555G点突变的限制性内切酶分析。应用直接测序法检测SLC26A4基因IVS7—2A〉G突变。结果7例（10．93％）携带GJB2基因235delC纯合突变；9例（14．06％）携带GJB2基因235delC杂合突变；6例（9．37％）携带SLC26A4基因ⅣS7—2A〉G纯合突变，12例（18．75％）携带SLC26A4基因IVS7—2A〉G杂合突变：未发现携带线粒体DNA 12SrRNA基因A1555G点突变者。结论 河北涿州、高碑店地区非综合征型耳聋患者存在较高的GJB2基因235delC和SLC26A4基因ⅣS7—2A〉G突变发生率，而线粒体DNA 12SrRNA基因A1555G突变发生率低于全国平均水平。聋病分子流行病学调查提示河北涿州、高碑店地区20.3％的非综合征型耳聋患者在分子水平能够明确诊断．另有32．81％的患者有遗传倾向。进行准确的耳聋早期诊断、遗传咨询、及时干预和治疗在这一地区的聋哑人群中非常重要。     

大同市特教学校非综合征性聋分子病因学分析--GJB2 235delC突变和线粒体DNA 12SrRNA A1555G突变筛查报告

目的 进行山西省大同地区重度耳聋的分子流行病学调查。方法 对山西省大同市特殊教育学校152名耳聋学生进行遗传性耳聋问卷调查、全面的体格检查、耳鼻咽喉专科检查以及包括纯音测听和声导抗在内的听力学评估。对148名非综合征型感音神经性耳聋患者分别进行线粒体DNA 12SrRNA基因A1555G点突变和GJB2基因235delC突变的限制性内切酶分析。结果 3例（2．03％）存在线粒体DNA 12SrRNA基因A1555G点突变，16例（10．8l％）存在GJB2基因235delC纯合突变，2l例（14．19％）存在GJB2基因235delC杂合突变，能够明确进行基因诊断者占27．03％。结论 山西省大同地区非综合征型耳聋患者存在较高的GJB2基因235delC突变发生率．而线粒体DNA 12SrRNA基因A1555G突变发生率低于全国平均水平。通过聋病分子流行病学调查．提示27．03％的非综合征型耳聋患者具有明确或强烈的遗传倾向，对于大同地区耳聋的预防、治疗及康复有着较好的意义。     

贵阳市盲聋哑学校非综合征性耳聋分子病因学分析——GJB2 235delC突变和线粒体DNA 12SrRNA A1555G突变筛查报告

目的 进行贵州省贵阳地区非综合征性耳聋分子病因学调查。方法 对贵阳市盲聋哑学校150名聋哑学生进行耳聋病因问卷调查、纯音听阈测试，对其中139名非综合征性耳聋患者进行线粒体DNA 12SrDNA A1555G点突变和GJB2基因235delC突变限制性内切酶的分析。结果 139名非综合征性耳聋患者中。6例（4132％）存在线粒体DNA 12SrDNA A1555G点突变；17例（12．23％）存在GJB2 235delC纯合突变；9例（6．47％）存在GJB2235delC杂合突变，在分子水平能够明确诊断者占23．02％。结论 贵阳地区耳聋患者存在较高的遗传性耳聋发生率，线粒体DNA A1555G突变发生率和GJB2 235delC突变发生率均高于全国平均水平。耳聋基因诊断技术可以应用在地区性耳聋病因调查中进行快速筛查、诊断，并可达到防止再出生聋儿，指导聋儿康复等积极效果。     

福州市特教学校非综合征性聋分子病因学分析--GJB2 235delC突变和线粒体DNA 12SrRNA A1555G突变筛查报告

目的 对福州市聋哑学校非综合征性耳聋的患儿进行聋病分子病因学分析。方法 对福州市153名聋哑学校学生进行耳聋病因问卷调查、纯音听阈测试，并对150名非综合征性感音神经性耳聋患者进行GJB2和线粒体DNA 12SrRNAA 1555G基因突变检测。结果 150例感音神经性耳聋患者中13例（8．67％）为GJB2 235delC纯合突变，10例（6．67％）为GJB2 235delC杂合突变，1例（0．67％）存在线粒体DNA 12SrRNA A1555G点突变。在分子水平能够明确诊断者达16％。结论 福州地区G口2突变发生率低于其他学者报告的数据。线粒体DNA 12SrRNA A1555G突变低于全国平均水平。GJB2基因突变分析用于产前诊断可以降低耳聋的发病率。线粒体DNA 12SrRNA A1555G点突变检测是预防药物性耳聋的有效途径。     

武汉地区非综合征性聋分子病因学分析--GJB2 235delC突变和线粒体DNA 12SrRNA A1555G突变筛查报告

目的 分析武汉地区非综合征性耳聋（nonsyndromic hearing impairment，NSHI）患儿GJB2 235delC突变率和线粒体DNA A1555G突变率。方法 收集武汉市艺萌听力康复中心的94例耳聋患儿血样，非综合征性耳聋患儿88例，提取DNA后经聚合酶链反应（PCR）分别扩增GJB2基因编码区及线粒体DNA，ApaI酶切分析GJB2 235位点的C缺失突变，Prev—DAF药物性耳聋基因诊断试剂盒分析线粒体1555位点的A—G突变，对GJB2 235ddC及线粒体DNA A1555G的突变率进行统计分析。结果 88例患儿中9例（10．23％）为GJB2 235delC纯合突变，7例（7．96％）为GJB2 235delC杂合突变；2例（2．27％）存在线粒体DNA A1555G点突变。在分子水平能够明确诊断者占20．46％。结论 武汉地区耳聋患者存在较高的遗传性耳聋发生率，应用基因诊断技术可以在耳聋患者病因调查中进行快速诊断筛查，达到防止再生育聋儿、指导聋儿康复等积极效果。     

佛山地区耳聋儿童GJB2 235delC突变和线粒体DNA A1555G突变的研究

目的研究佛山地区先天性聋儿中GJB2突变和线粒体DNAA1555G突变在耳聋发病中的作用。方法收集180例散发的先天性聋儿的DNA，利用聚合酶链反应一限制性片断长度多态性（PCR—RFLP）方法和Prey—DAF药物性耳聋基因诊断试剂盒对收集到的DNA进行分析，筛查患者GJB2235deIC突变和线粒体DNAA1555G突变。结果经PCR-RFLP和Prev—DAF药物性耳聋基冈诊断试剂盒分析，在所有参加检测的180名患儿中共发现GJB2235delC纯合突变14名（7．78％），GJB2235delC杂和突变7名（3．89％），线粒体DNAA1555G突变6名（3．33％）。结论应用基因检测方法可以在地区性耳聋流行病学凋查中帮助明确常见的遗传性耳聋病例，并可指导此类患者的家庭进行耳聋的预防。     

柳州市盲聋学校非综合征性聋分子病因学分析--GJB2 235delC突变和线粒体DNA 12SrRNA A1555G突变筛查报告

目的 分析GJB2 235delC突变和线粒体DNA 12SrRNA A1555G突变在广西壮族自治区柳州地区非综合征性耳聋（nonsyndromic hearing impairment，NSHI）患儿中的作用。方法 收集广西壮族自治区柳州聋哑学校的88例非综合征性耳聋患儿的血样，提取DNA后经聚合酶链反应（PCR）分别扩增GJB2基因编码区及线粒体DNA，ApaI酶切分析GJB2 235位点的C缺失突变、Prey—DAF药物性耳聋基因诊断试剂盒分析线粒体1555位点的A—G突变，对GJB2 235delC及线粒体DNA 12SrRNA A1555G的突变率进行统计分析。结果 88例患儿中1例（1．14％）为GJB2 235delC纯合突变；5例（5．68％）为GJB2 235delC杂合突变；4例（4．55％）存在线粒体DNA 12SrRNA A1555G点突变，其中1例同时伴有GJB2 235delC杂合突变。在分子水平能够明确诊断者占11．37％。结论 柳州地区耳聋患者常染色体隐性遗传性耳聋发生率较全国平均水平低，线粒体DNA 12SrRNA A1555G突变发生率偏高。应用基因诊断技术可以在地区性耳聋病因调查中进行快速筛查、诊断，可达到防止聋儿再生、指导聋儿康复等积极效果。     

新疆地区941例新生儿聋病基因GJB2、SLC26A4、线粒体DNA 12S rRNA筛查分析

目的通过对新生儿进行聋病易感基因和听力筛查,探讨聋病易感基因筛查应用于新生儿筛查的必要性,为制订防聋治聋策略提供依据。方法以941例新生儿作为研究对象,所有新生儿出生时采脐带血,采用限制性内切酶酶切结合直接测序的方法对3种国人常见耳聋易感基因（线粒体DNA 12S rRNA、GJB2、SLC26A4）突变热点进行筛查,运用SPSS 13.0软件对结果进行统计分析。结果3种基因热点突变的总携带率为2.02%（19/941）,GJB2基因235delC杂合突变9例（0.96%）,SLC26A4基因IVS7-2A〉G杂合突变9例（0.96%）,线粒体DNA 12S rRNA A1555G突变3例（0.32%）,其中2例为复合突变（235delC杂合突变/IVS7-2A〉G杂合突变、1555A〉G均质突变/235delC杂合突变）。GJB2基因235delC杂合突变在维吾尔族和汉族新生儿中的携带率分别为0.36％（1/276）、1.19％（7/586）;SLC26A4基因IVS7-2A〉G杂合突变在维吾尔族和汉族新生儿中的携带率分别为0.36％（1/276）、1.37％（8/586）;线粒体DNA 12S rRNA 1555A〉G突变在维吾尔族和汉族新生儿中的携带率分别为0.72％（2/276）、0％。在维吾尔族和汉族新生儿中,以上三基因突变携带率不同,但没有统计学差异。结论聋病易感基因筛查应用于维、汉族新生儿筛查必要且可行。     

赤峰市特教学校重度感音性聋分子病因学分析--GJB2 235delC突变和线粒体DNA 12SrRNA A1555G突变筛查报告

目的 调查内蒙古赤峰市聋哑学校重度感音性耳聋病因学情况。方法 对赤峰市聋哑学校140名学生进行耳聋病因问卷调查、纯音听阈测试。所有受检学生均采集外周血并提取DNA．进行线粒体DNA 12SrRNA A1555G点突变检测、GJB2基因突变检测。结果 1例（0．71％）存在线粒体DNA A1555G点突变；16例（11．43％）存在GJB2 235delC纯合突变，19例（13．57％）存在GJB2 235delC杂合突变。结论 赤峰市耳聋患者存在较高的遗传性耳聋发生率，并呈现明显的地域特点。通过聋病分子诊断，可达到防聋、指导聋儿康复及评估耳聋预后等积极效果。     

安阳市特教学校重度感音性聋分子病因学分析--GJB2 235delC突变和线粒体DNA 12SrRNA A1555G突变筛查报告

目的 调查河南省安阳地区重度感音神经性耳聋聋病分子病因学情况。方法对安阳市聋哑学校160名学生进行耳聋病因问卷调查、纯音听阈测试。对其中154名非综合征性感音神经性耳聋患者进行线粒体DNA 12SrDNA A1555G点突变检测和G朋12基因突变检测。结果 8例（5．19％）存在线粒体DNA 12SrDNA A1555G点突变；11例（7．14％）存在GJB2 235delC纯合突变；13例（8．44％）存在GJB2 235delC杂合突变。在分子水平能够明确诊断者占20．77％。结论 安阳地区耳聋患者存在较高的遗传性耳聋发生率。特别是线粒体DNA A1555G突变发生率高于全国平均水平，通过聋病分子诊断，可达到防聋、指导聋儿康复及评估耳聋预后等积极效果。     

扬州市特教学校耳聋学生常见耳聋突变基因调查报告

目的:调查扬州地区非综合征性聋患儿常见耳聋突变基因的发病情况。方法:选择扬州市特教学校90例中、重度非综合征性聋学生为研究对象。在苏北人民医院医学检测中心利用耳聋基因芯片诊断试剂盒筛查常见的耳聋相关基因的9个热点突变,包括GJB2(35delG、176del16、235delC及299delAT),GJB3(538C>T),SLC26A4(IVS7-2A>G、2168A>G)和mtDNA 12SrRNA(A>G、1494C>T)。结果:在90例耳聋患者中,基因芯片方法共检出携带致聋基因突变64例(71.1%)。其中,GJB2基因突变40例(44.4%),包括235delC纯合突变20例(22.2%),235delC单杂合突变4例(4.4%),235delC和299delAT复合杂合突变2例(2.2%);299de-lAT单杂合突变2例(2.2%),299delAT纯合突变2例(2.2%);176del16单杂合突变2例(2.2%),176del16纯合突变2例(2.2%),176del16和235delC复合杂合突变6例(6.7%)。SLC26A4基因突变22例(24.4%),包括IVS7-2A>G纯合突变2例,IVS7-2A>G和2168A>G复合杂合突变2例(2.2%),IVS7-2A>G单杂合突变18例(20.0%);mtDNA 12SrRNA A>G纯合突变2例(2.2%);未检出GJB3基因突变。结论:应用基因诊断技术可以在耳聋患者病因调查中进行快速筛查诊断,值得推广应用。     

遗传性聋一个家系五例的分子病因学分析

目的 分析遗传性聋一个家系五例耳聋患者的分子病因学.方法 对一个遗传性聋家系的5例耳聋患者进行GJB2,线粒体DNA 12S rRNA A1555G,SLC26A4和MITF 4种基因进行突变检测.结果 此家系的5例耳聋患者中有3例检测到携带致病性突变.其中两人携带Mt DNA A1555G点突变.一人携带SLC26A4 279T>A/2168A>G复合杂合突变;另外两人虽表现为Waardenburg综合征但未查找到突变位点.结论 耳聋患者间的同证婚配可导致家族内遗传性聋分子病因的复杂化.     

中学生噪声性听力损失调查分析探讨

目的　探讨中学生噪声性听力损失的影响因素,为进一步预防听力损失提供一定依据。方法　在天津市某两所中学随机抽取780名学生作为调查对象,通过问卷方式调查中学生听力损失情况,并进行纯音测听,量表评估。结果　完成问卷调查者756人,存在听力损失者41人（5.42%）,其中噪声性听力损失者29人（3.84%）。单因素分析显示,性别、学习压力、睡眠、手机耳机、手机耳机音量、每天持续使用耳机时间是中学生听力损失的相关影响因素（P<0.05）。多因素分析显示,手机耳机是中学生噪声性听力损失的独立危险因素（P <0.01）。结论　耳机对中学生噪声性听力损失的危害较大,应加强噪声防护的宣教,提高中学生听力保健意识,以减少噪声性听力损失的发生。     

Effect of bimodal hearing in Korean children with profound hearing loss

Conclusion. Bimodal hearing with combined acoustic stimulation and electric stimulation could enhance speech performance in deaf patients by residual hearing even though the amount of residual hearing is not enough to be used for communication by amplification. Objectives. The cochlear implant (CI) is a well-known therapeutic option for patients with profound hearing loss. However, deaf patients with a CI still have trouble in localization of sounds and understanding speech in a noisy environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of bimodal hearing with a CI in one ear and a hearing aid in the contralateral ear in Korean children with profound hearing loss. Subjects and methods. Fourteen deaf children with residual hearing participated in this study. There were eight male and six female patients, with an age range of 4.6–13.8 years at the time of testing. The test was conducted between 3 months and 4.2 years after cochlear implantation. Speech performance was examined in a noisy environment using Korean word lists. A speech sound and the noise were presented to the child from the front loudspeaker. Results. The results showed that speech performance in a noisy environment was significantly better with bimodal hearing than with a CI alone.     

Investigative profile of patients with a profound sensorineural hearing loss

Two hundred and eighty five patients presenting with profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss from 1987 to 1989, were subjected to a detailed history, pure tone audiogram, aided audiogram, Brain Stem Evoked Response Audiometry, Electrocochleography, Cochlear Nerve Test, and Tomograms of the temporal bones. All the data collected was subsequently analysed.     

Preferred low- and high-frequency compression ratios among hearing aid users with moderately severe to profound hearing loss

This study aimed to determine the low- and high-frequency compression ratios of a fast-acting device that were preferred by people with moderately severe to profound hearing loss. Three compression ratios (1:1, 1.8:1, and 3:1) were combined in the low and high frequencies to produce nine schemes that were evaluated pair-wise for three weeks in the field using an adaptive procedure. The evaluation was performed by 21 experienced hearing aid users with a moderately severe to profound hearing loss. Diaries and an exit interview were used to monitor preferences. Generally, the subjects preferred lower compression ratios than are typically prescribed, especially in the low frequencies. Specifically, 11 subjects preferred linear amplification in the low frequencies, and 14 subjects preferred more compression in the high than in the low frequencies. Preferences could not be predicted from audiometric data, onset of loss, or past experience with amplification. The data suggest that clients with moderately severe to profound hearing loss should be fitted with low-frequency compression ratios in the range 1:1 to 2:1 and that fine-tuning is essential.     

Preserved otoacoustic emission in a child with a profound unilateral sensorineural hearing loss

We report a case of profound unilateral sensorineural hearing loss with good response of otoacoustic emission. The patient was a 5-year-old boy, who was diagnosed to have unilateral hearing impairment on pure tone audiometry at the first visit. The affected ear showed the absence of auditory brainstem response; however, its transiently evoked otoacoutic emission and distortion product otoacoustic emission were considered to be normal. These findings indicated that the outer hair cell of cochlea was not impaired and that the impairment should be localized between inner hair cells, primary afferent fiber or its synapses, spiral ganglion of the cochlea and acoustic fiber, or at a combination of these areas. That is, evaluation of otoacoustic emission was useful in determining the region of impairment in sensorineural hearing loss. Further follow-up will be necessary to differentiate the present case from auditory neuropathy.     

An analysis of a large postlingually deaf family with hereditary non-syndromic profound hearing loss.

We initiated a clinical and genetic linkage study on members of a large Venezuelan family with hereditary hearing loss. A medical history and a physical examination were performed on 30 family members. Audiometry was carried out in 25 subjects, and in 2 additional children auditory brainstem responses were obtained. Additional testing (site-of-lesion, electronystagmography and computed tomography) was also obtained in a few subjects. DNA was extracted from blood samples from 25 family members. The type of deafness in this family is neurosensorial, non-syndromic and postlingual. The average age of onset of deafness is 7 years and there is a rapid progression leading to profound deafness. Deafness is possibly of cochlear origin and there is no associated vestibular pathology. Analysis of the pedigree discloses a maternal pattern of inheritance with a significant female predominance, compatible with a mutation of the mitochondrial DNA. The molecular DNA analysis for the known mitochondrial mutations are discussed.     

Different prognoses in patients with profound sudden sensorineural hearing loss

Background: Inner ear hemorrhage is increasingly recognized as a cochlear lesion that can cause profound sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).

Objectives: To investigate changes of cochlear and vestibular function and to compare therapeutic recovery from profound SSNHL induced by different etiologies.

Material and methods: Eighty patients with profound SSNHL (≥90?dB) were divided into an inner ear hemorrhage group and a non-inner ear hemorrhage group by MRI. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the therapeutic effects from vertigo and hearing loss and the outcomes of follow-up in the two groups.

Results: There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of the overall 14-day therapeutic response rate (20 vs. 48%), the incidence of imbalance (26.7 vs. 6%), the incidence of semicircular canal dysfunction on the affected side (60 vs. 20%), the incidence of abnormal C-VEMP and O-VEMP on the affected side (63.3 vs. 38%; and 60 vs. 30%, respectively), the average hearing threshold (74.2?±?10.7 vs. 53.6?±?11.4?dB), and the word recognition score (65.5?±?21.7 vs. 83.5?±?24.5%) at a 12-month follow-up.

Conclusions and significance: A higher percentage of patients with profound SSNHL induced by inner ear hemorrhage were associated with vertigo and had a poor prognosis.