弹性指标评价健康成人颈总动脉弹性

目的获取健康成人颈总动脉(CCA)诸项弹性指标的正常值,评价各指标对CCA弹性的作用.方法测量142例健康人血压,连接心电图,行右CCA超声检查.M型超声上测量内径及内径差(△D),采用组织多普勒技术(TDI)记录CCA壁运动曲线,并应用MedArchive Viewer及HDI-QLab软件进行时间、速度、加速度、动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)等的测定,从而计算出相关弹性指标.结果男女之间前壁ac、Vmaxpeak、dc以及后壁ac、Vmaxpeak、△D、DC、CC、前壁mean Acrel、后壁mean Acrel差异均有显著性,男性大于女性;≤40岁组和＞40岁组相比,前壁的ac、Vmaxpeak、dc和后壁的ac、Vmaxpeak、Tdc、DS、DD、△D、IMT、DC、CC、Wvipeakrel、前-mean Acrel、后-mean Acrel差异均有显著性,除DS、DD、IMT随年龄增加而增加外,其余各指标均为＞40岁组比≤40岁组降低.41～60岁组和≥61岁组相比, 除RR、Tpac、DS、DD、IMT、DC差异存在显著性,其余各项指标差异均无显著性.各项弹性相关指标中,年龄因子的负荷系数最大,弹性因子位居其次.结论获得健康成人CCA诸项弹性指标的正常值;男性CCA弹性大于女性;CCA壁弹性随年龄增加而降低;在各项弹性相关指标中,除年龄外,弹性因子最能解释健康成人CCA弹性,并得出了健康成人的弹性公因子,具有较高临床应用价值.     

壁运动各项指标在评价健康成人颈总动脉弹性中的作用

目的比较壁运动时间指标、速度指标及加、减速度指标对健康成人颈总动脉(CCA)弹性的评价作用.方法测量105例健康成人血压,连接心电图,行右CCA超声检查.采用组织多普勒技术记录CCA壁运动曲线,应用MedArchive Viewer软件进行CCA壁运动的加速度前时间、加速度时间、减速度时间、峰值速度、加速度及减速度的测定,计算获得弹性参数.通过因子分析将诸项弹性参数合并生成弹性因子.将弹性因子与壁运动诸项指标进行简单直线相关分析及多元线性回归分析.结果时间因子(T)、速度因子(Ⅴ)、加速度因子(A)、减速度因子(D)与弹性因子的相关系数r分别为0.132、0.680、0.735、0.485.V、A、D的回归系数分别为0.757、0.401、-0.459,回归方程为:Y=0.757V 0.401A-0.459D.结论壁运动中速度指标、加速度指标与减速度指标均可用来评价CCA弹性.其中速度指标和弹性关系最密切,最能代表弹性,壁运动速度越快弹性越好.加速度指标与减速度指标和弹性关系其次.而时间指标与弹性无关.     

组织多普勒和放大M型超声在评价高血压患者颈总动脉弹性中的应用

组织多普勒成像（TDI）技术主要用于定量分析心肌室壁运动功能。作将此项技术用于成人高血压患颈总动脉（CCA）壁运动特征的研究，以定量评价其CCA的弹性功能及其与高血压压力关系，结合M型检测血管搏动幅度变化，参考颈总动脉内-中膜（IMT）厚度，旨在为高血压病变程度分级及预测预后等方面提供参考依据。     

组织多普勒成像技术评价糖尿病患者颈总动脉弹性

目的 探讨TDI技术评价2型糖尿病患者颈总动脉(CCA)弹性的可行性。 方法 以89例2型糖尿病患者(病例组)和88名健康成人(对照组)为研究对象,连接心电图,行右CCA超声检查。应用M型超声测量收缩末期内径(DS)、舒张末期内径(DD)及内径差(△D);采用TDI技术记录CCA壁运动曲线,应用MedArchive Viewer软件测定CCA壁运动加速度时间、峰值壁速度,计算CCA的相关弹性参数:膨胀性(DC)、局部顺应性(CC)、经DD和脉压(PP)校正后的壁峰值运动速度指标(Wvi_peakrel)、经DD和PP校正后的平均加速度(meanAC_rel)等。应用HDI-QLab软件测量动脉内膜-中膜厚度(IMT)。对两组测量结果进行比较。 结果 病例组与对照组比较,IMT、DC、CC、前壁-meanAC_rel及后壁-meanAC_rel差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);病例组除IMT较对照组厚以外,其他值均低于对照组;DS、DD、△D及Wvi_peakrel差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 TDI可用于评价2型糖尿病患者CCA弹性,具有潜在的临床应用价值。     

应用血管回声跟踪技术对国人颈动脉及肱动脉弹性正常值检测的研究

目的 应用血管回声跟踪技术定量评价国人颈总动脉、肱动脉弹性参数,确定相关参数的正常值范围.方法 对4812例健康国人应用血管回声跟踪技术获取国人颈总动脉、肱动脉的僵硬度(β)、弹性模量(Ep)、顺应性(AC)、膨大指数(AI)及脉搏波传导速度(PWVβ)五项生理参数正常值.结果 取得<10岁、10～19岁、20～29岁、30～39岁、40～49岁、50～59岁和≥60岁的7组国人动脉弹性正常值,全部健康国人、健康男性与健康女性各年龄组颈总动脉、肱动脉的β、Ep、PWVβ和AI数值均随年龄增大而呈上升趋势,AC数值均随年龄增大而呈下降趋势,全部健康国人、健康男性与健康女性各年龄组颈总动脉、肱动脉的AI的标准差数值均较大.结论 颈总动脉、肱动脉的β、Ep、PWVβ和AC为反映动脉弹性较可靠、敏感的参数,AI尚难以作为反映动脉弹性较可靠、敏感的参数.     

速度向量成像技术评价正常人颈总动脉管壁运动力学状态

目的 应用速度向量成像(VVI)技术分析正常人颈总动脉(CCA)短轴方向管壁运动和弹性参数特点及其与影响因素间的关系. 方法 健康志愿者40名,采用Siemens Acuson Sequoia 512彩色多普勒超声诊断仪采集连续3个心动周期的CCA动态短轴二维图像,分析右侧CCA管壁短轴方向6个节段(前壁、后壁、前外侧壁、前内侧壁、后外侧壁、后内侧壁)的运动、弹性及其衍生参数的特点,并分析这些参数间及其与相关影响因素间的关系. 结果 各侧壁的弹性相关参数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);运动相关参数(除速度达峰时间)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),即外侧壁和前壁明显高于后壁和内侧壁.年龄及内-中膜厚度与部分弹性参数及部分运动参数呈负相关(P<0.05).心率与部分弹性参数及部分运动参数呈正相关(P<0.05).弹性与运动参数间呈正相关(P<0.05),弹性及运动参数达峰时间呈正相关(P<0.05). 结论 VVI技术可用于研究正常人CCA管壁的运动力学特点及其与影响因素之间的关系.     

射频超声技术定量评价健康成人颈部动脉内-中膜厚度及弹性功能

目的观察影响健康成人颈总动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)及弹性功能的相关因素及各项弹性参数的正常值范围。方法 184例志愿者根据年龄分为A组(20~29岁)、B组(30~39岁)、C组(40~49岁)、D组(50~59岁)及E组(60岁以上),应用超声射频信号血管内中膜分析技术(QIMT)和超声射频信号动脉僵硬度分析技术(QAS)获取双侧颈动脉IMT、顺应性指标(膨胀系数DC、顺应系数CC)及僵硬度指标(α系数、β系数、脉搏波传导速度PWV),分析各组间及两性间各项参数的差异及其关系。结果左、右侧颈总动脉IMT、DC、CC、α系数、β系数及PWV比较差异无统计学意义。不同性别受检者IMT、DC、α系数、β系数及PWV比较均无统计学意义,CC男性高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。双侧颈总动脉IMT、α系数、β系数及PWV与年龄呈正相关,而DC和CC与年龄呈负相关。结论应用射频超声技术能准确检测颈总动脉IMT和血管弹性,并分析其主要影响因素,为临床定量评估血管性能提供了新的方法。     

VVI技术评价缺血性脑卒中患者颈总动脉管壁弹性

目的 应用速度向量成像(VVI)技术分析缺血性脑卒中(CAT)患者颈总动脉短轴方向管壁的应变、应变率及其相关衍生参数,比较其与正常对照组间的差异.方法 用VVI软件分析40例CAT患者(CAT组)及36名健康体检者(正常对照组)右侧颈总动脉短轴方向二维图像上6个侧壁(前壁、前内侧壁、后内侧壁、后壁、后外侧壁、前外侧壁)的收缩期弹性参数及其衍生参数,并观察CAT患者管壁弹性参数的曲线变化特点.结果 CAT组6个侧壁的收缩期最大应变、应变率及收缩期与舒张期应变率的变化量均显著低于正常对照组(P＜0.001);CAT组前内侧壁、后内侧壁和后壁应变率曲线的脉搏波传导时间及应变率收缩期达峰时间较正常对照组明显提前(P＜0.05).结论 VVI技术可显示颈总动脉管壁弹性特点.血管壁弹性及弹性衍生参数与传统的超声检测指标相结合可以更加全面评价和了解血管壁的弹性状态.     

应用组织速度成像技术对颈总动脉壁弹性特征的研究

目的　应用组织速度成像技术对正常人和原发性高血压患者颈总动脉壁运动特点和弹性特征进行研究。方法　研究对象为 2 4例正常人和 2 4例原发性高血压合并右侧颈动脉硬化患者 ,应用 M-型超声和组织速度成像技术记录颈总动脉内径、计算可扩张度和顺应性 ,经颈总动脉内径和脉压矫正后的前壁峰值速度 (Vimax)和加速度 ACi;经心率和脉压矫正后的加速时间 (ATi)和减速时间 (DTi)。结果　正常对照组中年龄与 Vimax和 ACi呈负相关 ,Vimax、 ACi与颈总动脉壁弹性可扩张度 (DC)、颈总动脉弹性顺应性(CC)呈正相关。原发性高血压颈动脉硬化组 Vimax、 ACi与正常对照组相比明显减低 ,ATi和 DTi与正常对照组相比明显缩短。经统计学检验具有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　本研究显示组织速度成像技术可用来评价正常人和原发性高血压患者颈总动脉壁运动特点与弹性特征。     

超声射频信号技术评价健康成人颈总动脉结构及功能

目的 应用超声射频信号的血管内-中膜分析技术（QIMT）、血管硬度定量分析技术(QAS) 评价健康成人颈总动脉结构及功能。方法 360例健康成人根据年龄分成3组：青年组（20~39岁组）、中年组（40~59岁组）和老年组（60~79岁组）,每组均120人,分别应用QIMT测量双侧颈总动脉内-中膜厚度（IMT）,QAS技术测量双侧颈总动脉的弹性参数,包括扩张系数（DD）、顺应性系数（CC）、硬度指数(α、β)、脉搏波传导速度(PWV),分析各项参数在双侧颈总动脉、不同性别、不同年龄组之间的差异。结果 ①颈总动脉QIMT和QAS指标在颈总动脉左右两侧组间差异均无统计学意义;②颈总动脉DC在两性别组之间的差异有统计学意义,男性高于女性(P<0.05);③从青年组经中年组到老年组,IMT依次增厚、DC依次减小,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),与青年组比较,中年组和老年组的CC减低,α、β及PWV增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而在中年组与老年组之间差异没有统计学意义。结论 健康成人颈总动脉结构及功能随年龄、性别变化存在差异。     

ICK和TDI技术定量评价心力衰竭患者右室舒张功能的可行性

目的探讨智能彩色室壁运动图(ICK)和组织多普勒成像(TDI)定量评价心力衰竭患者右室舒张功能的临床价值.方法用ICK和TDI技术对20例心力衰竭患者和30例年龄匹配的正常人进行右室舒张期检测,定量CK舒张期指标(CK-DI值)及TDI值,对结果比较分析.结果与对照组相比,心力衰竭患者舒张期右室游离壁及室间隔各节段CK-DI值明显降低(P＜0.01,P＜0.05);TDI值均降低(P＜0.05).两组CK-DI值与TDI值具有相关性.结论ICK和TDI技术可定量心力衰竭患者的右室舒张功能,对评价病情、估测预后提供有价值的指标.     

Tissue Doppler imaging in detection of myocardial dysfunction in survivors of childhood cancer treated with anthracyclines

The applicability of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) was investigated for estimating cardiac function in long-term survivors of childhood cancer treated with anthracyclines. A total of 63 children (age range 7.8-17.3 y) underwent standard echo Doppler cardiographic studies of blood flow velocities, left ventricular dimensions and fractional shortening, followed by measurements of peak myocardial velocities and direction using the noninvasive tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) technique. All 63 were late survivors (median 7.1 y, range 3.5-13.5 y after end of therapy) who had received mean (+/- SD) cumulative dose of 242 (+/- 141) mg/m(2) of anthracyclines. The control group consisted of 160 healthy subjects (age range 4 to 17.9 y). Standard echo-Doppler anatomical parameters that were found significantly (p < 0.01) different for the study group are: RV wall thickness (decreased); LV diameter (increased); and LV fractional shortening (decreased). Studied hemodynamic parameters were not found to be different between the two groups. Quantitative TDI parameters: peak late diastolic myocardial velocities, as well as transmyocardial systolic and diastolic velocity differences, were significantly lower in late survivors than in the healthy pediatric population (p < 0.01). Qualitative local functional impairment of the movement of the left ventricular walls was detected in 20% of the patients. TDI might become a useful noninvasive method for detecting subclinical myocardial damage in apparently healthy children who received moderate doses of anthracyclines for treatment of childhood malignancy. Prospective studies with TDI for the detection of regional myocardial abnormalities are recommended.     

Assessment of myocardial velocities in healthy children using tissue Doppler imaging

The objective was to determine the normal range of tissue velocities in paediatric hearts as measured by tissue Doppler imaging. A prospective study was carried out involving 160 healthy children (mean age 10.8 y, range 4.0-17.9 y). Using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) from parasternal long axis and apical views, peak velocities and peak myocardial velocity differences across the right ventricular anterior wall, interventricular septum and left ventricular posterior wall were assessed during systole, early and late diastole. The existence of transmyocardial velocity differences between the left and right side of the interventricular septum, as well as between the endocardium and epicardium of the left ventricular posterior wall was observed throughout the heart cycle. With range-gated TDI from apical four-chamber view, peak velocities were measured within the basal, mid and apical parts of the interventricular septum, and the left and right free ventricular walls. The highest peak systolic, early and late diastolic velocities were measured within the basal parts of all myocardial walls. The ranges of the calculated velocity ratios (early-to-late diastolic velocity and early diastolic-to-systolic velocity) for the various wall parts appeared to be overlapping. The correlations of peak myocardial tissue velocities and their ratios with age and weight were weak and practically irrelevant. These normal values of peak myocardial velocities, transmyocardial velocity differences and the ratios of peak wall velocities can be used as reference values in future investigations of ventricular dysfunction in this age group.     

Abdominal aortic wall motion of healthy and hypertensive subjects: evaluation of tissue Doppler velocity imaging

PURPOSE: To investigate the potential clinical application of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) for motion measurement of the aortic wall in healthy and hypertensive adults. METHOD: We used TDI to examine 53 hypertensive and 29 sex-matched healthy adults. Maximum velocity of the first and second systolic wall expansion peaks (S1, S2), maximum velocity of early (D) and end (E) diastolic retraction velocity peaks, pulse wave transmit time (PWTT), and stiffness index (beta) of the abdominal aorta were measured and compared as for factors influencing vascular compliance, including age, sex, and blood pressure. RESULTS: Compared with the healthy subjects, the wall motion waveform of hypertensive patients showed absent E, mixed S1 and S2 peaks, and blunted S1. S1 and D were lower in hypertensive than in healthy subjects. Shortened PWTT and increased indicated increased aortic stiffness in both male and female hypertensive subects when compared with controls. Age, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and sex were the significant independent factors modulating S1, while DBP and age were the significant independent factors modulating D. PWTT was independently influenced by age and systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that abdominal aortic wall motion measurement with TDI could demonstrate qualitative and quantitative wall motion features differentiating hypertensive from healthy adults. Wall motion velocity and PWTT could reflect abdominal aortic compliance changes related to age, sex, and blood pressure.     

Assessment of wall velocity gradient imaging using a test phantom

A new phantom has been designed to gain a better understanding of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). Specifically, the phantom can easily be used to determine myocardial velocity gradients. The phantom mimics the left ventricle and is made of fine-grade sponge material whose ultrasound image closely resembles the gray scale image obtained from heart walls. Theoretical analysis of phantom wall movements offers a plausible explanation for the velocity gradients developing across the heart walls. The results of computer analysis were found to be in very good agreement with TDI M-mode recordings of phantom wall displacement.     

组织多普勒心肌速度梯度评价胎儿心室动力学

目的 应用组织多普勒(tissue Doppler imaging,TDI)心肌运动速度梯度(myocardial velocity gradient,MVG)评价胎儿左、右心室心肌动力学.方法 对孕龄22～40周的30例正常胎儿取横位四腔心切面进行组织多普勒成像,采集3个心动周期的动态图像,获得心肌速度分布图.测量左、右心室游离壁基底段心内膜和心外膜收缩期及舒张期峰值速度及心肌厚度,计算MVG.分析左、右心室心肌收缩期及舒张期心内膜、心外膜速度及MVG与孕周的关系.结果 剔除图像质量较差的3例后,共有27例胎儿纳入分析.收缩期及舒张期左、右心室心内膜运动峰值速度均高于心外膜运动峰值速度(P<0.01).收缩期及舒张期左室游离壁、右室游离壁心肌运动速度与孕周呈正相关,而左室游离壁、右室游离壁MVG与孕周呈负相关.结论 TDI技术测量MVG能够用于评价胎儿心室心肌动力学,可以了解胎儿心室壁运动速度在中、晚孕期的生理变化特点及规律,有助于更加准确可靠地评估胎儿心功能的相应变化.     

Comparison of arterial stiffness/compliance in the ascending aorta and common carotid artery in healthy subjects and its impact on left ventricular structure and function

Arterial stiffness and compliance parameters from two adjacent elastic arteries [aorta and common carotid artery (CCA)] were compared and their relationship with left ventricular (LV) structure and function and clinical parameters was assessed. 584 healthy subjects were prospectively enrolled [mean age 47.8?±?18.4 years, range 16–94; 318 (54.4%) men]. They underwent comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography; M-mode diameters were measured at the level of the ascending aorta in systole and diastole and by echo-tracking at the level of the left CCA. The β-stiffness, pressure-strain elastic modulus, arterial compliance and one-point pulse wave velocity were derived. A significant correlation was observed between aortic and CCA stiffness and compliance parameters (p?<?0.0001 for all). At multiple regression analysis, CCA stiffness parameters were constantly correlated with age and systolic blood pressure, and accounted for up to 56% of the variability (vs. only 29% in aortic stiffness and compliance). CCA stiffness parameters were found to better predict LV structure, diastolic function than aortic stiffness parameters. Aortic and CCA stiffness and compliance were found to correlate with each other and with age, with the correlation being higher for CCA stiffness. At multiple regression analysis, CCA stiffness parameters were better predictors of LV structure and function than aortic stiffness.