胫骨平台骨折并发骨筋膜室综合征的临床治疗

目的探讨胫骨平台骨折合并小腿骨筋膜室综合征的发生机理与临床治疗策略。方法本组胫骨平台骨折病人108例，其中13例并发骨筋膜室综合征，男11例，女2例，年龄15～67岁，平均37岁，进行小腿筋膜室切开减压加腘窝筋膜切开和骨折固定治疗。结果7例先行小腿筋膜室减压，胫骨平台骨折未作处理，术后发现小腿肿胀减退不明显，肌肉外翻张力仍高，分别在术后8～24h内进行二次手术腘窝筋膜切开减压，腘动脉探查，骨折固定。1例小腿缺血改变严重，坏死并行股骨髁上截肢，1例小腿肌肉坏死，3例足部皮肤溃烂，2例无并发症发生，肢体均成活。5例小腿筋膜室减压同时行腘窝筋膜切开减压和骨折固定治疗，预后良好，功能正常。1例拒绝手术治疗导致截肢。结论胫骨平台骨折并发骨筋膜室综合征，早期行小腿骨筋膜室切开减压加腘窝筋膜切开减压和骨折固定治疗，在减压的同时应松解膪窝部的动静脉压迫，从根本上解决骨筋膜室综合征形成的一个因素，获得满意疗效，减少伤残率。     

骨折合并骨筋膜间室综合征的早期诊断和治疗

目的：探讨骨折合并骨筋膜间室综合征的早期诊断和治疗。方法：复习并分析1988年－2001年间48例骨折合并骨筋膜间室综合征的患资料，所有病例均先输入甘露醇及地塞米松，有效Ⅱ期行骨折固定，无效及晚期7例即行切开减压并骨折复位内固定术。结果：14例脱水治疗有效的早期轻型患及27例早期重型患经急诊切开减压骨折内固定的患，疗效优良，占85.4%（41／48），而7例晚期患疗效不佳。结论：早期诊断、早期减压（8h以内）是治疗关键，如超过12h，则疗效不佳；骨折早期复位和固定是减压的重要措施；重视创面处理和晚期康复治疗。     

下肢动脉急性缺血继发骨—筋膜室综合征的治疗

骨－筋膜室综合征是 肢体急性创伤和急性缺血的严重并发症，作者总结５例治疗经验，认为骨－筋膜室组织压测定是早期明确诊断的可靠检测指标；早期骨－筋膜室切开减压是治疗本征的首选方法。     

下肢动脉急性缺血继发骨－筋膜室综合征的治疗

骨－筋膜室综合征是肢体急性创伤和急性缺血的严重并发症。作者总结５例治疗经验，认为骨－筋膜室组织区测定是早期明确诊断的可靠检测指标；早期骨－筋膜室切开减压是治疗本征的首选方法。     

闭合性多发掌骨骨折并发急性手部骨筋膜室综合征的处理

[目的]探讨早期切开减压同时AO微型钢板内固定治疗闭合性多发掌骨骨折并发急性骨筋膜室综合征的疗效。[方法]2000年2月～2004年12月，对22例闭合性掌骨多发骨折合并骨筋膜室综合征患者，采取早期松解手部亚肌筋膜室，充分暴露每一块内在肌减压，同时对多发掌骨骨折行AO微型钢板内固定，术后辅以早期康复锻炼。[结果]所有病例术后随访3个月～2a，平均6个月，X线片显示8～12周有骨痂生成，骨折完全愈合。骨折无成角畸形及骨不连发生，无爪形手畸形，按照中华医学会手外科学会手部功能评定试用标准：优13例，良8指，差1例，总优良率95．5％。[结论]采用早期切开减压同时AO微型钢板内固定治疗闭合性多发掌骨骨折并发急性骨筋膜室综合征是一种可取的、疗效满意的方法。     

小腿骨筋膜室综合征治疗体会

目的：本文介绍43例小腿骨筋膜室综合征的治疗经验和一种新的暂时闭合筋膜切开减压伤口的方法。方法：采用回顾性研究。结果：外伤后直接接受治疗的35例病人中，33例获得优良结果，无后遗症，1例因严重挫伤而截肢，1例手术后死于急性肾功能衰竭和DIC。由外院治疗后转入的8例病人中，5例出现Volkmann缺血性肌挛缩，3例因肢体坏死而截肢。5例筋膜切开减压术后的伤口采用人工皮覆盖，二次手术伤口直接缝合。结论：小腿骨筋膜室综合征早期采用保守治疗对部分病人是有效的，如在治疗过程中症状、体征恶化，应尽早行筋膜室切开减压术。采用人工皮及负压吸引系统覆盖伤口能迅速降低组织压，防止感染。     

急性下肢缺血动脉再通后并发骨筋膜室综合征的诊治

目的：探讨急性下肢缺血动脉再通后并发骨筋膜室综合征的临床表现、早期诊治及预后。方法：回顾性分析2005年1月至2009年1月因急性下肢缺血在我科行动脉再通治疗后并发急性下肢骨筋膜室综合征病人的临床资料,包括发病原因、时间、治疗方式、治疗效果、骨筋膜室综合征的处理方法及预后。结果：126例病人因急性下肢缺血行动脉再通治疗,发病至再通时间平均为26h（3h至6d）,其中24例（共27条肢体）并发骨筋膜室综合征而行筋膜切开（包括3例行双侧肢体预防性切开）。21例动脉再通术后延迟切开时间平均为10（5—48）h,其中2例术中行血液透析,1例行术后血液透析。本组3例截肢,2例死亡（包括1例截肢）。结论：骨筋膜室综合征是急性下肢缺血动脉再通后的严重并发症,动脉再通后持续疼痛或疼痛加重伴局部张力升高者应高度怀疑为骨筋膜室综合征,其治疗方法是充分切开4个筋膜腔减压,同时动态监测病人电解质和肾功能指标,维持肾功能和内环境的稳定,必要时应早期进行透析。     

手部急性骨筋膜室综合征的分型及治疗

目的探讨手部急性骨筋膜室综合征（osteofascial compartment syndrome OCS）的分型及治疗方法。方法对我院收治的24例手部急性OCS的病例资料进行总结。将手部OCS按病变发生范围分四型。Ⅰ型（3例）：病变发生局限于三个以内骨筋膜间室。Ⅱ型（8例）：病变发生于三个以上骨筋膜间室，累及大部分手内肌。Ⅰ、Ⅱ型均将发生病变的筋膜间室取独立切口切开减压。Ⅲ型（4例）：病变发生于三个以上骨筋膜间室，并发掌中间区内动脉弓等组织损伤，形成区室内高压。必须将发生病变的筋膜间室和掌中间区同时切开减压；Ⅳ型（9例）：病变发生于三个以上骨筋膜间室，甚或有掌中间区内高压，并发急性腕管综合征。在手部筋膜间室、掌中间区切开减压后，同时行腕管减压术。结果随访时间6周～1．5年，按黄悦等手腕部OCS疗效的评定标准评定：优17例，良4例，中2例，差1例，优良率87．5％。结论将手部急性OCS按病变发生范围分型，有利于切开减压术式的选择。     

肌酸激酶在骨筋膜室综合征早期诊断中的意义

目的 为早期诊断骨筋膜室综合征，降低其致残率，提供一项简便、易行的生化指标。方法 对２７例骨筋膜室综合征患者分别测定血清肌酸激酶 及筋膜室压力，其中１５例作筋膜室切开减压，取肌肉标本进行组织学检查。结果 肌酸激酶 值与肌肉组织病理变化程度一致。结论 肌酸激酶 值测定可用于骨筋膜室综合征的早期诊断及评估预后。     

足部骨筋膜室综合征

研究足部骨筋膜室综合征诊断与手术治疗的特点。方法对１１例患者一经诊断立好切开减压,并根据不同的间室采取相应的手术途径。结果１例截趾,１例患足偶发疼痛,１例乏力并经度肿胀,８例恢复良好。结论足部骨筋膜室综合征要早期诊断,及时减压,才能恢复的功能。     

Acute Compartment Syndrome after Lower Leg Fracture

AbstractBackground: In acute situations, fasciotomy can be done prophylactically or as early therapeutic decompression, the latter being performed as soon as the first symptoms of compartment syndrome are present.Patients and Methods: Results of fasciotomy after lower leg fracture performed between 1992 and 2001 were reviewed with emphasis on the efficacy of treatment and morbidity of the procedure sec. Patients, divided into a prophylactic group (A) and a therapeutic fasciotomy group (B), were interviewed and examined, focusing on late sequelae of compartment syndrome and of the fasciotomy sec. Results: 52 patients were followed up after a median period of 40 months, 18 in group A and 34 in group B. All fractures in group A were operated within 24 h, one third of patients in group B underwent surgery later. In group A, one short foot syndrome was found. In group B, five amputations were performed for ischemic muscle necrosis, two short foot syndromes were observed, and five legs showed other late compelling signs of manifest compartment syndrome. In the 31 legs without sustained compartment syndrome, only seven had no fasciotomy-related abnormalities besides a scar; reduced endurance and swelling were most frequently found. An iatrogenic superficial peroneal nerve lesion was diagnosed in seven legs. Conclusion: Outcome after prophylactic fasciotomy seems to be superior to that after early therapeutic decompression. Though prophylactic fasciotomy is effective, its morbidity is quite high, with long-term consequences in three quarters of patients.     

Fasciotomy Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: Beware of Terrible Outcome

There is a paucity of literature on compartment pressure thresholds and complications following fasciotomy in postoperative Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) patients. The purpose of this study is to identify the postoperative course in a series of patients who had surgical decompression following TKA. We identified six patients who underwent fasciotomy for proven or suspected compartment syndrome following primary TKA between 2000 and 2010. The etiology of compartment syndrome was indirect (5 cases) vascular injury and one unknown. Complications after fasciotomy were: periprosthetic infection (2), foot drop (2), fasciitis (1), cellulitis (1), above the knee amputation due to periprosthetic infection (1). Currently, it is unknown if the same principles in the trauma patient apply for both diagnosis and treatment of compartment syndrome after TKA. We conclude that surgeons need to maintain a relatively higher threshold for performing a fasciotomy following TKA.     

Neonatal Volkmann's compartment syndrome. A report of two cases

Neonatal Volkmann's compartment syndrome is a rare entity. This diagnosis may be suspected when a case presents cutaneous damage associated with poor hand and wrist function after delivery. We present two such cases of neonatal Volkmann compartment syndrome with long term clinical and x-ray follow-up. In our patients, a hand surgeon was not consulted in the perinatal period and early fasciotomy was not performed. No particular aetiology or associated cerebrovascular accident was found. A series of operations was necessary in order to improve function of the hand. Neonatal Volkmann compartment syndrome must be recognised early in order to enable further investigation of any underlying condition and to perform early surgical decompression. Long term clinical and x-ray follow-up is necessary to prevent and treat wrist deformation and finger contractures.     

Acute compartment syndromes

BACKGROUND: Acute compartment syndrome is both a limb- and life-threatening emergency that requires prompt treatment. To avoid a delay in diagnosis requires vigilance and, if necessary, intracompartmental pressure measurement. This review encompasses both limb and abdominal compartment syndrome, including aetiology, diagnosis, treatment and outcome. METHODS: A Pubmed and Cochrane database search was performed. Other articles were cross-referenced. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of limb compartment syndrome is based on clinical vigilance and repeated examination. Many techniques exist for tissue pressure measurement but they are indicated only in doubtful cases, the unconscious or obtunded patient, and children. However, monitoring of pressure has no harmful effect and may allow early fasciotomy, although the intracompartmental pressure threshold for such an undertaking is still unclear. Abdominal compartment syndrome requires measurement of intra-abdominal pressure because clinical diagnosis is difficult. Treatment is by abdominal decompression and secondary closure. Both types of compartment syndrome require prompt treatment to avoid significant sequelae.     

Acute bilateral forearm compartment syndrome of unknown aetiology.

This is the first reported case of non-traumatic, acute bilateral forearm compartment syndrome. Despite a delay of over 24 hours until surgical decompression and 50% muscle fibre necrosis in the histopathological examination, the clinical outcome was excellent after fasciotomy, delayed primary wound closure and early institution of a range of motion exercise programme. The literature on non-traumatic causes of compartment syndrome is reviewed.     

Nontraumatic compartment syndrome of the extremities in children

Acute compartment syndrome of an extremity poses a threat to both life and limb. The usual cause in children is trauma, especially fractures and burns. Two recent cases of nontraumatic compartment syndrome of the extremities in children are presented, both owing to infection followed by myositis or fasciitis. Both cases required urgent decompression by fasciotomy, resulting in limb salvage and full recovery of neuromuscular function of the extremity. The value of prompt recognition and treatment of this condition is emphasized.     

Fasciotomy in the treatment of the acute compartment syndrome.

Sixty-six cases of acute compartment syndrome were treated by fasciotomy in forty-six extremities of forty-four patients. Fasciotomy performed early, that is, less than twelve hours after the onset of the compartment syndrome, resulted in normal function in 68 per cent of the extremities. Only 8 per cent of those having late fasciotomy had normal function. The complication rates for the early and late fasciotomized extremities were 4.5 per cent and 54 per cent, respectively. No significant differences in residual function or complication rate were noted with "open" or "closed" fasciotomy.     

胫腓骨粉碎性骨折所致骨筋膜室综合征的早期处理

目的：探讨胫腓骨粉碎性骨折所致骨筋膜室综合征的早期处理,旨在早期发现和及时处理,早期切开减压,挽救患肢,将患者的痛苦降低到最低程度。方法回顾性分析2006年1月～2011年1月我院收治的胫腓骨粉碎性骨折所致骨筋膜室综合征患者30例的临床资料。结果30例胫腓骨粉碎性骨折患者均获得随访,随访7~24个月,发生浅表感染5例,深部感染1例,骨髓炎1例,钉孔感染4例,无一例发生缺血性挛缩及肢体致残。17例半年内骨性愈合,3例延迟愈合,平均愈合时间（8.5±1.2）个月。疗效评价：优12例,良5例,差3例,优良率为75%。结论对于胫腓骨粉碎性骨折合并骨筋膜室综合征早期诊断是关键,果断切开减压是疗效的保障。     

Acute limb compartment syndrome: a review

Acute limb compartment syndrome (LCS) is a limb-threatening and occasionally life-threatening condition caused by bleeding or edema in a closed muscle compartment surrounded by fascia and bone, which leads to muscle and nerve ischemia. Well-known causative factors are acute trauma and reperfusion after treatment for acute arterial obstruction. Untreated compartment syndrome usually leads to muscle necrosis, limb amputation, and, if severe, in large compartments, renal failure and death. Alertness, clinical suspicion of the possibility of LCS, and occasionally intracompartmental pressure (ICP) measurement are required to avoid a delay in diagnosis or missed diagnosis. Open fasciotomy, by incising both skin and fascia, is the most reliable method for adequate compartment decompression. The techniques of measuring ICP have advantages and disadvantages, whereas the pressure level that mandates fasciotomy is controversial. Increased awareness of the syndrome and the advent of measurements of ICP pressure have raised the possibility of early diagnosis and treatment. This review reports LCS, including etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, ICP measurement, management, and outcome.