nNOS介导小鼠局灶性脑梗死后氧化DNA损伤的机制研究

目的探讨还原型尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶（NADPH-d）阳性神经元表达与脑梗死后DNA损伤修复过程的相关性。方法制作小鼠前脑缺血-再灌注模型（FbIR）,夹闭双侧颈总动脉90 min后恢复血流,再灌注15min后处死动物制作脑组织冰冻切片。A组（n=10）：FbIR90/15 min;B组（n=4）：FbIR90/15 min＋3BR7NI;C组（n=10）：假手术对照组;D组（n=4）：采用组织化学染色法观察NADPH-d阳性神经以元的分布。A、B两组分别用大肠杆菌核苷酸外切酶Ⅲ敏感位点法（escherichia coliexonucleaseⅢsensitive sites,EXOSS）检测AP位点和3-′PO4末端型两种氧化DNA损伤。用EXOSS检测AP位点和3-′PO4末端型两种氧化DNA损伤;采用组织化学染色法观察NADPH-d阳性神经元的分布。结果EXOSS法可检测到大脑不同部位的氧化DNA损伤,主要集中在大脑皮质区、下丘脑弓形核区、纹状体和海马区;特异性NOS抑制剂3BR7NI明显减弱全脑的EXOSS信号强度（P〈0.000 1）,差异有显著性,其作用主要表现在大脑皮质区,而对下丘脑的弓型核等区作用较弱;NADPH-d阳性神经元主要分布在大脑皮层、纹状体、丘脑和齿状核,下丘脑的弓型核区仅见少量染色,EXOSS/NADPH-d的表达对比显示,在大脑皮质区EXOSS信号主要在NADPH-d阳性神经元中。结论脑梗死后大脑不同区域氧化DNA损伤的机制不一,3BR7NI仅消除大脑皮层区的EXOSS染色,而对下丘脑弓形核区的作用不大,本研究从形态学证实了大脑皮层区nNOS可能参与了脑梗死后氧化DNA损伤修复过程,而下丘脑的弓型核区的这一过程可能有其他机制参与。     

肌苷对海人藻酸引起纹状体损伤的保护作用

目的：建立大鼠纹状体内注射海人藻酸(KA)模型，并观察肌苷对纹状体损伤面积及NADPH脱氢酶(NAD-PH-d)阳性神经元数目的影响。方法：采用纹状体内注射KA制备模型。10只大鼠分成2组(n=5)，分别于手术前1d给予肌苷或等量生理盐水(对照组)，腹腔注射，每日3次，持续给药至手术后第3日结束，利用尼氏染色和NADPH-d的组织化学方法，观察肌苷组和对照组纹状体损伤面积及NADPH-d阳性神经元数目的差别，结果：肌苷可以使KA引起的纹状体损伤面积减小并增加NADPH-d阳性神经元的数目。结论：肌苷可以减轻兴奋性毒素KA引起的纹状体损伤，并对纹状体内的NADPH-d阳性神经元具有保护作用。     

去窦弓神经大鼠下丘脑室旁核和视上核FOS和NADPH-d共存分布

目的:探讨大鼠下丘脑室旁核和视上核神经元型一氧化氮合酶神经元是否参与中枢压力感受性反射通路.方法:应用Fos免疫组织化学结合还原型尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶(NADPH-d)组织化学双重染色的方法,观察去窦弓神经术(SAD)后2 h Fos和NADPH-d在室旁核和视上核内的分布情况.结果:SAD大鼠室旁核小细胞部、大细胞部和视上核内有大量Fos表达,并与NADPH-d部分共存;NADPH-d/Fos双标记阳性神经元的比例分别为6.8%、72.1%和47.1%.在假手术组和正常对照组大鼠上述核团内偶见Fos阳性神经元,未观察到NADPH-d/Fos双标记神经元.结论:下丘脑室旁核和视上核内的神经元型一氧化氮合酶神经元可被SAD特异性激活,提示其参与了中枢压力感受性反射通路所介导的心血管活动的中枢调节.     

硫胺素和核黄素对H2O2诱导的DNA氧化损伤的影响

目的 探讨硫胺素和核黄素对H2O2诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞ECV304的DNA氧化损伤的影响.方法 于细胞培养液中分别加入硫胺素(终浓度为10、100、500、1000 mg/L)或核黄素(终浓度为20、100、300、500 nmol/L)预处理24 h,给予H2O2(终浓度为25 μmol/L)反应30 min,采用单细胞凝胶电泳技术(SCGE)分析DNA氧化损伤情况.以不加H2O2、硫胺素和核黄素者为阴性对照组;以加H2O2而不加硫胺素、核黄素者为阳性对照组.结果 H2O2诱导ECV304细胞DNA断裂损伤,SCGE分析显示,阳性对照组拖尾细胞率、彗星尾长、尾部DNA含量和Olive尾矩等指标均较阴性对照组升高;经10、100、500 mg/L硫胺素或20、100、300 nmol/L核黄素预处理后,各DNA损伤指标均较阳性对照组显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01);经1000 mg/L硫胺素或500 nmol/L核黄素预处理后,各DNA损伤指标与阳性对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 适宜浓度的硫胺素和核黄素能降低H2O2诱导的DNA氧化损伤,高浓度的硫胺素和核黄素不能保护H2O2诱导的DNA氧化损伤.     

山稔子提取物对体外DNA氧化性损伤的保护作用

目的 观察山稔子提取物对原代体外培养淋巴细胞DNA氧化损伤的保护作用.方法 原代培养24 h的脾淋巴细胞悬液,随机分为7组,其中5组细胞用不同浓度的山稔子提取物溶液预先处理60 min,再加入50 μmol/L的H2O2,H2O2染毒组直接加入相同浓度的H2O2,空白对照组加入等量的PBS溶液,7组细胞共同在4℃下染毒20 min,收获细胞同时进行单细胞凝胶电泳,计算DNA迁移的细胞率和总彗星长度.结果 H2O2可致原代培养脾淋巴细胞的DNA严重损伤,而山稔子提取物能不同程度地降低H2O2诱导产生的DNA损伤,在10、50、100 μg/mL的浓度下.彗星细胞出现率从阳性对照组的100%分别降低为85%、65%和30%(P分别<0.05、0.01、0.01),总彗星长度也从对照组的(52.82±6.42)μm,逐渐降低为(43.68±5.59)μm、(35.80±8.75)μm、(25.35±4.32)μm(P分别<0.05、0.01、0.01).结论 山稔子提取物具有抗氧化作用,能在一定浓度范围内保护细胞显著降低氧自由基对DNA的氧化损伤.     

氧化苦参碱对脑缺血损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨氧化苦参碱对大鼠局灶性脑缺血/再灌注损伤和小鼠急性脑组织缺血的保护作用.方法 大鼠缺血前给予氧化苦参碱10、20、40 mg·kg-1,灌胃7天,末次给药1 h后制备大鼠大脑中动脉阻断短暂局灶性缺血模型,缺血1.5 h,再灌注24 h,苏木精-伊红染色观察大脑的纹状体、海马和皮质的病理学改变.小鼠缺血前给予氧化苦参碱5、20、80 mg·kg- 1,灌胃7天,末次给药1 h后采用断头法制备小鼠的急性脑缺血模型,然后记录小鼠断头后的喘息时间和小鼠断头后张口次数.结果 氧化苦参碱可使局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠的海马CA1区,纹状体和皮质区的损伤程度明显改善,神经元存活数增多.小鼠断头后的喘息时间明显延长,小鼠断头后张口次数明显增加.结论 氧化苦参碱对大鼠局灶性脑组织缺血损伤及小鼠急性脑缺血有明显的保护作用.     

过氧化氢诱导肠上皮干细胞DNA氧化损伤模型的建立

目的：探索建立过氧化氢诱导肠上皮细胞DNA氧化损伤模型，以便在体外进一步研究DNA氧化损伤在大肠癌发生发展中的作用。方法：过氧化氢以RPM11640培养基稀释成100、50、10、5、μmol／L5个浓度，以RPMI1640培养荆作空白对照。作用人胎肠上皮干细胞不同时间（10min、30min、1h、1．5h、12h、24h）后，以MTT法检测细胞生存状况，以免疫组织化学方法检测DNA特异性氧化损伤产物8-羟-2-脱氧鸟苷（8-OhdG），用SPSS10．0软件以线性回归方法检验肠上皮干细胞在不同时间的生存率变化趋势。结果：MTT活性检测结果表明，在10～30min时，各浓度过氧化氢作用后的细胞活性较高，为60％～80％，但随时间推移，细胞活性下降，至24h，降至30％左右，时间趋势检验表明，除100、50μmol／L过氧化氢组和空白对照组外，其余各组的生存率随过氧化氢作用时间的延长，生存率下降，时间趋势差异具统计学意义。过氧化氢作用时间在10～30min内，100、50μmol／L组的细胞活性明显低于1～10μmol／L组20％左右，但在1．0h以上各组，虽然过氧化氢浓度不同，但在同一作用时间内细胞活性无明显差别。过氧化氢处理肠上皮细胞15min后进行8-OhdG免疫组织化学检测，结果除对照组阴性外，其余各组肠上皮细胞在不同浓度过氧化氢作用后的胞核及胞浆染色均呈棕褐色，为阳性。结论：过氧化氢能诱导肠上皮细胞发生DNA氧化损伤，肠上皮细胞DNA氧化损伤模型的条件以1～10μmol／L过氧化氢作用10～30min为宜。     

硫胺素和核黄素对H2O2诱导的DNA氧化损伤的影响

目的 探讨硫胺素和核黄素对H2O2诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞ECV304的DNA氧化损伤的影响.方法 于细胞培养液中分别加入硫胺素(终浓度为10、100、500、1000 mg/L)或核黄素(终浓度为20、100、300、500 nmol/L)预处理24 h,给予H2O2(终浓度为25 μmol/L)反应30 min,采用单细胞凝胶电泳技术(SCGE)分析DNA氧化损伤情况.以不加H2O2、硫胺素和核黄素者为阴性对照组;以加H2O2而不加硫胺素、核黄素者为阳性对照组.结果 H2O2诱导ECV304细胞DNA断裂损伤,SCGE分析显示,阳性对照组拖尾细胞率、彗星尾长、尾部DNA含量和Olive尾矩等指标均较阴性对照组升高;经10、100、500 mg/L硫胺素或20、100、300 nmol/L核黄素预处理后,各DNA损伤指标均较阳性对照组显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01);经1000 mg/L硫胺素或500 nmol/L核黄素预处理后,各DNA损伤指标与阳性对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 适宜浓度的硫胺素和核黄素能降低H2O2诱导的DNA氧化损伤,高浓度的硫胺素和核黄素不能保护H2O2诱导的DNA氧化损伤.     

褪黑素对丙烯酰胺致大鼠睾丸细胞DNA损伤的拮抗作用

目的研究丙烯酰胺(AA)致大鼠睾丸细胞DNA损伤及褪黑素(MT)对损伤的拮抗作用。方法 40只8周龄SD雄鼠,随机分为空白对照组、MT组、AA组和MT+AA组,每组10只。MT(10 mg.kg-1.d-1)腹腔注射,AA(25 mg.kg-1.d-1)经口灌胃染毒,共30 d。单细胞凝胶电泳检测睾丸细胞DNA损伤(CASP软件测定慧星尾长、慧尾DNA百分含量、尾矩及Olive尾矩),TUNEL标记凋亡细胞,ELISA试剂盒检测睾丸组织中8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG)含量,硫代巴比妥酸法测定丙二醛(MDA)水平,黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力。结果与对照组比较,AA组大鼠睾丸细胞彗星尾长、彗尾DNA百分含量、尾矩、Olive尾矩均显著增加,凋亡细胞增多,睾丸组织8-OHdG和MDA含量增加,SOD活力降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。与AA组比较,MT+AA组大鼠睾丸细胞DNA损伤程度减轻,凋亡细胞数减少,睾丸组织8-OHdG和MDA含量降低,SOD活力升高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 AA能够引起大鼠睾丸细胞DNA损伤并诱发凋亡,且对睾丸产生氧化损伤;MT则能拮抗AA引起的损伤。氧化损伤可能是AA引起大鼠睾丸细胞DNA损伤的机制之一。     

高脂饮食对大鼠大脑皮质神经元型一氧化氮合酶表达的影响

目的观察高脂饮食对大脑皮质神经元型一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)表达的影响。方法雄性SD大鼠60只,随机分为实验组和对照组(n=30);分别于高脂饲料喂养7 d,30 d,90 d时处死动物,测定血清总胆固醇浓度,免疫组织化学法检测nNOS表达,光镜下计数免疫阳性神经元数目。结果高脂饮食7 d,实验组血清总胆固醇浓度、大脑皮质nNOS表达和免疫阳性神经元数目与对照组比较无显著差异(P>0.05);高脂饮食30 d、90 d时,实验组血清总胆固醇浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),大脑皮质nNOS表达与免疫阳性神经元数目显著增多(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论高脂饮食可导致大脑皮质nNOS免疫阳性神经元数目增多,nNOS表达增强,nNOS可能在高脂血症导致脑皮质损伤中发挥作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Notes for contributors to Journal of Nanjing Medical University

Journal of Nanjing Medical University (English Edition) JNMU, sponsored by Nanjing Medical University, was established in 1987. It is a bimonthly comprehensive English medical journal published locally and abroad.Since 2007, Journal of Nanjing Medical University (English Edition )was granted Elsevier the full publishing and distribution rights worldwide for the Electronic Edition, excluding the People's Republic of China.