胃腺癌危险因素的病例对照研究

目的 探讨与胃癌有关的危险因素。方法 对天津市区1998－1999年的189例新发胃癌病人进行1：1配对病例对照研究,采用条件Logistic回归分析。结果 烟熏食品OR＝2．34,OR95％CI＝1．60－4．98;吸烟量OR＝6．07,OR95％CI＝1．26－7．16;喜食重盐饮食OR＝1．95,OR95％CI＝1．27－3．23;过量摄入动物肉类OR＝1．46,OR95％CI＝1．05－2．02。结论 经常食用烟熏食品、吸烟量大、重盐饮食、过量摄入动物肉类等可能是胃癌的危险因素。     

胃癌危险因素的病例对照研究

目的 探讨各危险因素与胃癌的关系,方法 对天津市市内区1998年91例新发胃癌病人进行了1：1配对病例对照研究,资料处理采用条件Logistic回归分析,结果 烟熏食品OR＝4．88,OR95％／CI 2．54－9．38,吸烟量OR．6．12,OR95％CI 1．63－22．95,喜食重盐饮食OR．2．87,OR95％CI 1．80－4．58,过量摄入动物肉类OR＝1．71,OR95％CI 1．33－2．19。结论 经常食用烟熏食品,吸烟量大,喜吃重盐饮食,过量摄入动物肉类等可能是胃癌的危险因素。     

胃癌危险因素病例对照研究

目的调查本溪地区胃癌发生危险因素，为胃癌防治提供科学依据。方法采用1：1配对病例对照研究方法，问卷调查2002年2月～2004年2月经病理组织学确诊的新发胃癌298例，对可疑致癌因素进行Logistic回归模型单因素和多因素分析，筛选与胃癌发生有关的危险因素。结果缺乏体育锻炼、精神压抑、吸烟量大、喜食烟熏食品、喜食重盐饮食、过量摄入动物肉类、幽门螺杆菌感染、胃溃疡、恶性肿瘤家族史是胃癌的危险因素，OR值依次为2．181，19．502，2．920，6．985，3．013，12．882，32．624，13．006，5．550。喜食香菇和蘑菇(OR=0．443)、喜食新鲜水果(OR=0．665)是胃癌的保护因素。结论本溪地区胃癌发生主要与幽门螺杆菌感染、精神压抑、胃溃疡史、过量摄入肉类、缺乏体育锻炼等因素有关，应开展幽门螺杆菌检测，提倡保持心理平衡，适当进行体育锻炼；经常进食香菇、蘑菇和新鲜水果，以有效预防胃癌。     

武汉市大肠癌危险因素的病例对照研究

目的 探索武汉市大肠癌危险因素。方法 对原发性大肠癌危险因素进行了1：1配比的病例对照研究。病例、对照各82例,用条件logistic回归模型分析各因素与疾病危险性的联系。结果 高频率摄入烟熏、腌制食品、大量吸烟,出生地为平原、大便性质不规律的OR值分别为3.194,1.450,2.575,21.191,9.593;体育锻炼、不食高温和重盐食物OR值分别为0.809,0.634,0.896。结论 高频率摄入烟熏、腌制食品、大量吸烟、出生地为平原、大便性质不规则为大肠癌发病的危险因素,体育锻炼、不良高温和重盐食物为保护因素。     

仙游县居民食用腌菜与其他环境因素交互作用致胃癌相关性研究

目的分析仙游县胃癌高发的环境危险因素及交互作用。方法以福建省仙游县为研究现场,收集2013年3月至2016年11月,仙游县医院住院并经病理确诊的胃癌患者622例。按仙游县各乡镇胃癌的标化死亡率分成胃癌高、中、低发乡镇,以村为单位随机抽取健康人群,按患者的性别、年龄(±3岁)、居住地进行以人群为基础的1∶1配对病例对照研究胃癌危险因素及交互作用。结果多因素条件logistic回归分析结果显示,慢性萎缩性胃炎(OR=10.13,95%CI:3.77～27.22);肿瘤家族史(OR=9.17,95%CI:3.42～24.61);喜硬食(OR=5.97,95%CI:3.54～10.09);吸烟(OR=2.37,95%CI:1.29～4.35);常吃腌菜(OR=2.05,95%CI:1.49～2.81);农药暴露(OR=1.89,95%CI:1.14～3.14)为胃癌的危险因素。常吃水果(OR=0.52,95%CI:0.39～0.80);饮茶(OR=0.54,95%CI:0.29～1.00);牛羊肉(OR=0.56,95%CI:0.39～0.80)为胃癌的保护因素。环境因素的交互作用结果显示,腌菜摄入与喜硬食存在正相乘交互作用,腌菜摄入与喜硬食、腌菜摄入与不饮茶存在正相加交互作用。结论仙游县胃癌高发与当地居民不良饮食习惯及无饮茶习惯有关,环境因素间的交互作用加大对胃癌发生的影响,需采取综合性的措施控制胃癌的发生。     

中国人群胃癌发病影响因素meta分析

目的探讨中国人群胃癌发病的影响因素,为胃癌的预防控制提供参考依据。方法检索中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、维普中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)、中国学术文献总库(CNKI)和万方数据库,并辅以手工检索和文献追溯法收集1998年1月—2015年12月公开发表的关于中国人群胃癌发病影响因素的相关文献;应用RevMan 5.2软件对纳入的文献进行meta分析。结果最终纳入39篇中文文献,累计病例组患者8 979例,对照组人群11 593人;meta分析结果显示,吸烟(OR=2.79,95%CI=2.41~3.24)、喜食腌制食品(OR=2.48,95%CI=2.16~2.85)、饮食不规律(OR=2.46,95%CI=2.08~2.92)、有消化系统疾病史(OR=6.85,95%CI=3.98~11.79)、饮酒(OR=2.63,95%CI=2.04~3.38)、重盐饮食(OR=2.58,95%CI=2.09~3.20)、喜食煎炸食品(OR=2.28,95%CI=1.87~2.78)、喜食烫食(OR=2.67,95%CI=2.12~3.37)、有肿瘤家族史(OR=4.50,95%CI=3.64~5.56)、喜食熏制食品(OR=2.86,95%CI=2.02~4.04)、有幽门螺杆菌感染(OR=2.48,95%CI=1.60~3.86)、进食速度快(OR=2.60,95%CI=2.06~3.30)、暴饮暴食(OR=2.30,95%CI=1.75~3.02)、喜食干硬食品(OR=3.99,95%CI=2.51~6.35)和喜食辣食(OR=2.64,95%CI=1.60~4.35)是中国人群胃癌发病的危险因素,常吃蔬菜(OR=0.58,95%CI=0.49~0.68)、常饮茶(OR=0.52,95%CI=0.42~0.64)、常吃豆及豆制品(OR=0.49,95%CI=0.36~0.67)、常吃葱蒜(OR=0.37,95%CI=0.24~0.56)、常吃奶及奶制品(OR=0.63,95%CI=0.51~0.79)和常吃水果(OR=0.56,95%CI=0.48~0.65)是中国人群胃癌发病的的保护因素;敏感性分析和发表偏倚评估结果显示,纳入的文献不存在发表偏倚,结果较为可靠。结论吸烟饮酒情况、家族史、疾病史和饮食习惯均为中国胃癌发病的主要影响因素。     

胃癌危险因素的Meta分析

目的综合评价中国居民胃癌的危险因素,为胃癌的预防控制决策提供参考依据。方法应用Meta分析方法对国内23篇有关胃癌主要危险因素的病例-对照研究结果进行定量综合分析;Review manager4.2进行一致性检验及合并OR值和95%置信区间的计算。结果各因素合并OR值分别为:胃癌家族史OR=5.39(95%CI:2.83～10.25);胃病史OR=5.71(95%:3.64～8.95);饮酒OR=2.92(95%CI:1.57～5.45);吸烟OR=2.36(95%CI:1.60～3.49);高盐饮食OR=2.42(95%CI:1.51～3.86);盐渍食品OR=4.06(95%CI:2.37～6.97);烫食OR=2.46(95%CI:1.30～4.64);饮食不规律OR=2.29(95%CI:1.44～3.65)。结论影响中国胃癌发生的危险因素为家族史、胃病史、饮酒、吸烟、高盐饮食、盐渍食品、烫食和饮食不规律,为胃癌的饮食干预提供了科学依据。     

江苏省恶性肿瘤高发地区胃癌病例对照研究

目的分析江苏省恶性肿瘤高发地区胃癌发病的相关因素。方法选择江苏省恶性肿瘤高发地区大丰市进行以人群为基础的胃癌1：2病例-对照研究,共调查病例646例,对照1292人。采用单因素及多因素非条件Logistic回归方法进行分析。结果喜食烫食（OR=2.2841,95%CI：1.2609～4.1376）、进食速度快（OR=2.9668,95%CI：2.2736～3.8714）、喜食辣食品（OR=2.4875,95%CI：1.3644～4.5352）、癌症家族史（OR=1.4224,95%CI：1.1041～1.8325）等为胃癌发病的主要危险因素,而粮食储具常清洗翻晒（OR=0.5713,95%CI：0.4429～0.7368）、喜食大蒜（OR=0.6299,95%CI：0.4567～0.8687）、使用冰箱（OR=0.6256,95%CI：0.4104～0.9537）、饮茶（OR=0.4541,95%CI：0.3292～0.6263）、性格开朗（OR=0.5157,95%CI：0.3147～0.8453）等则为保护因素。结论应通过教育改变居民不良的生活饮食习惯以及注意心理精神卫生,以降低胃癌的发病危险性。     

徐州地区胃癌影响因素病例对照研究

[目的]探讨徐州地区居民胃癌的各种影响因素.[方法]对2006～2007年徐州地区胃癌患者进行病例对照研究,应用1:1配对条件Logistic回归对饮食因素、生活状况及习惯、身体状况等因素进行筛选.[结果]食用辛辣食品(OR=0.367,95%CI:0.176～0.767)、食用大蒜(OR=0.132,95%CI:0.047～0.369)可降低危险性;三餐饮食不规律(OR=1.628,95%CI:1.066～2.645)、食用腌制食品(OR=1.964,95%CI:1.280～3.015)、高盐饮食(OR=1.557.95%CI:1.052～2.307)、饮酒(OR=2.874,95%CI:1.446～5.709)、胃炎既往史(OR=2.616,95%CI:1.106～6.188)、幽门螺旋杆菌感染(OR=36.534,95%CI:9.613～138.921)可增加危险性.[结论]食用辛辣食品、大蒜为保护因素,三餐饮食不规律、食用腌制食品、高盐饮食、饮酒、胃炎既往史、幽门螺旋杆菌感染为危险因素.     

烟熏、油炸和腌制食品联合吸烟饮酒与原发性肺癌的关系

目的探讨腌制、油炸和烟熏食品联合吸烟、饮酒对原发性肺癌发病风险的影响。方法采用以医院为基础的病例-对照设计,于2006年1月—2013年12月面访福建医科大学附属协和医院、附属第一医院和南京军区福州总医院经组织病理确诊的1902例(24～90岁)原发性肺癌新发病例及同期按病例组相同性别、年龄(±3岁)匹配的2026例(23～87岁)社区人群。利用非条件Logistic回归分析腌制、油炸和烟熏食品与吸烟饮酒的联合作用、交互作用,探讨其与原发性肺癌发病风险的关系。结果非条件Logistic回归分析结果表示,油炸食品和烟熏食品的摄入均为肺癌发生的危险因素。油炸食品摄入≥3次/周者肺癌发病风险是油炸食品摄入<3次/周者的2. 954倍(95%CI 2. 065～4. 226);烟熏食品摄入≥3次/周者肺癌发病风险是烟熏食品摄入<3次/周者的6. 774倍(95%CI 3. 309～13. 866)。联合作用分析结果显示食品摄入得分为1且合并吸烟饮酒者肺癌发病风险是食品摄入得分为0且不吸烟不饮酒者的2. 108倍(95%CI 1. 551～2. 865);食品摄入得分≥2合并吸烟饮酒时肺癌发病风险是食品摄入得分为0且不吸烟不饮酒组的2. 191倍(95%CI 1. 377～3. 484)。此外,交互作用分析结果显示同时摄入(≥1次/周)腌制、油炸和烟熏食品中的两种或两种以上食品会导致原发性肺癌发病风险升高(OR=1. 309,95%CI1. 010～1. 696),并且多种危险食品的同时摄入也会增加吸烟者的原发性肺癌发病风险(OR=1. 625,95%CI 1. 162～2. 274),随着危险食品高频摄入种类的增加,吸烟者肺癌患病风险增大,呈剂量-反应关系(P趋势<0. 001)。结论油炸和烟熏这两种食品的摄入均为肺癌发生的独立危险因素。此外腌制、油炸和烟熏食品与吸烟和饮酒存在联合作用,这些危险因素同时存在时原发性肺癌的发病风险会增加。多种危险食品的摄入会增加吸烟者的原发性肺癌发病风险。     

沈阳农村60岁以上人群良性前列腺增生危险因素的病例对照研究

目的：探讨各种危险因素与良性前列腺增生（BPH）的关系。方法：采用以人群为基础的病例对照研究，病例组为沈阳市某郊区农村60周岁以上BPH患者，对照组为无前列腺增生（排除前列腺癌、前我腺炎等疾病）的老年男性，病例与对照各100例，单因素分析采用χ^2检验，多因素分析利用非条件logistic回归分析。结果：多因素非条件logistic回归分析显示BPH发病与下列5种因素有关：患前列腺炎（OR＝5．577，95％CI：2．147－14．482）；20世纪80年代初每月肉类摄入量（OR＝4．930，95％CI：2．404－10．111）；舒张压（OR＝1．050，95％CI：0．480－0．881）。结论：患前列腺炎、80年代初每月过多摄入肉类、舒张压高可能是BPH的危险因素；吸烟量大、饮酒量大可能是BPH保护因素。     

Cooked meat and risk of breast cancer--lifetime versus recent dietary intake

BACKGROUND: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are carcinogens formed in or on the surface of well-done meat, cooked at high temperature. METHODS: We estimated breast cancer risk in relation to intake of cooked meat in a population-based, case-control study (1508 cases and 1556 controls) conducted in Long Island, NY from 1996 to 1997. Lifetime intakes of grilled or barbecued and smoked meats were derived from the interviewer-administered questionnaire data. Dietary intakes of PAH and HCA were derived from the self-administered modified Block food frequency questionnaire of intake 1 year before reference date. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Modest increased risk was observed among postmenopausal, but not premenopausal, women consuming the most grilled or barbecued and smoked meats over the life course (OR = 1.47; CI = 1.12-1.92 for highest vs. lowest tertile of intake). Postmenopausal women with low fruit and vegetable intake, but high lifetime intake of grilled or barbecued and smoked meats, had a higher OR of 1.74 (CI = 1.20-2.50). No associations were observed with the food frequency questionnaire-derived intake measures of PAHs and HCAs, with the possible exception of benzo(alpha)pyrene from meat among postmenopausal women whose tumors were positive for both estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors (OR = 1.47; CI = 0.99-2.19). CONCLUSIONS: These results support the accumulating evidence that consumption of meats cooked by methods that promote carcinogen formation may increase risk of postmenopausal breast cancer.     

中国非吸烟女性肺癌危险因素的病例-对照研究

目的探讨中国非吸烟女性患肺癌的危险因素。方法应用1∶2配对的病例对照方法,收集2001年9月~2004年2月在北京、上海和成都指定医院经病理诊断确诊的非吸烟女性新发肺癌住院病例157例,按照性别、年龄(±2岁)、不吸烟等配对因素选取医院对照和人群对照。利用统一调查表对调查对象进行面对面问卷调查,收集病例和对照有关危险因素的暴露史等情况。通过单因素分析和多因素条件Logistic回归分析筛选肺癌的主要危险因素。结果单因素分析发现28个暴露因素与非吸烟女性肺癌发生有关。多因素分析发现,被动吸烟指数≥50人年(OR=1·77,95%CI为1·07~2·92)、经常吃动物内脏(OR=1·85,95%CI为1·06~3·22)、职业接触粉尘(OR=2·47,95%CI为1·21~5·03)和工作场所通风不良(OR=4·02,95%CI为1·74~9·29)为非吸烟女性肺癌发生的危险因素;常吃蔬菜(OR=0·26,95%CI为0·12~0·59)、经常服用维生素(OR=0·53,95%CI为0·30~0·93)、结婚后家庭人均月收入≥500元(OR=0·50,95%CI为0·28~0·91)和初次生育年龄在24~30岁之间(OR=0·53,95%CI为0·32~0·90)为非吸烟女性肺癌发生的保护因素。趋势性检验发现,被动吸烟与非吸烟女性发生肺癌的相对危险度之间存在一定剂量反应关系。结论被动吸烟、职业接触粉尘、经常吃动物内脏和工作场所通风不良会增加非吸烟女性患肺癌的危险性。常吃蔬菜和经常服用维生素等因素可以降低非吸烟女性发生肺癌的危险性。     

Parkinson's disease risks associated with cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and caffeine intake

A reduced risk for Parkinson's disease (PD) among cigarette smokers has been observed consistently during the past 30 years. Recent evidence suggests that caffeine may also be protective. Findings are presented regarding associations of PD with smoking, caffeine intake, and alcohol consumption from a case-control study conducted in western Washington State in 1992-2000. Incident PD cases (n = 210) and controls (n = 347), frequency matched on gender and age were identified from enrollees of the Group Health Cooperative health maintenance organization. Exposure data were obtained by in-person questionnaires. Ever having smoked cigarettes was associated with a reduced risk of PD (odds ratio (OR) = 0.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.4, 0.8). A stronger relation was found among current smokers (OR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.7) than among ex-smokers (OR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4, 0.9), and there was an inverse gradient with pack-years smoked (trend p < 0.001). No associations were detected for coffee consumption or total caffeine intake or for alcohol consumption. However, reduced risks were observed for consumption of 2 cups/day or more of tea (OR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.9) and two or more cola drinks/day (OR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.3, 1.4). The associations for tea and cola drinks were not confounded by smoking or coffee consumption.     

Risk factors for urothelial carcinoma: drinking measures, smoking and other life style-related risk factors--results of the Berlin Urothelial Study (BUS)

With the exception of smoking and several occupational exposures there is little knowledge about risk factors for urothelial cancer. A case control study in the area of former West Berlin was performed from 1990-1995 to investigate the role of several lifestyle risk factors, such as smoking, drinking behaviour and regular intake of analgesics and laxatives. The study includes 647 hospital-based incident cases with bladder cancer (n = 571), renal pelvis cancer (n = 51), and ureter cancer (n = 25), and 647 population-based controls which were matched individually by sex and age. Data analyses were carried out using standard methods for case control studies (conditional multiple logistic regression analysis). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were applied as effect parameter. Statistically significantly increased odds ratios were observed for current smoking (OR: 3.46, 95% CI: 2.50-4.78), previous but now abandoned smoking (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.09-2.81), and for regular intake of laxatives (OR: 2.52, 95% CI: 1.56-4.09). Furthermore, an increased risk for urothelial cancer was observed for daily consumption of three and more litres of cold drinks (OR: 2.65 95% CI: 1.12-6.24). The results underline that lifestyle factors other than smoking may contribute to a higher risk of urothelial cancer.     

Cigarette smoking and breast cancer.

An epidemiological case-control study was conducted in New York State, with 1617 primary breast cancer patients and an equal number of controls, to examine the relationship between cigarette smoking and breast cancer. Results showed no overall association between ever smokers versus never smokers and breast cancer risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90-1.19), nor was there any dose response trend observed with increased levels of smoking. In addition, no association was found with risk and age started smoking, age stopped smoking, amount smoked or total years smoked. Controlling for previously identified risk factors for breast cancer in the analysis did not significantly alter these relationships. Previous studies have found a difference in menopausal age among smokers compared to nonsmokers. The mean menopausal age was only slightly lower in smokers than in never smokers for both cases and controls. Breast cancer risk was observed to be close to unity for premenopausal women (OR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.74-1.34) and postmenopausal women (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.91-1.26). A recent study suggested breast cancer risk was more strongly related to starting smoking at a young age among women who smoked at least 25 or more cigarettes per day in the most recent year of smoking. This hypothesis was not supported by these data.     

Case-control analysis of dietary folate and risk of bladder cancer

Dietary folate, a water-soluble B vitamin found in a variety of fruits and vegetables, is of particular interest as a chemopreventive agent due to its role in DNA methylation and DNA synthesis and repair. We hypothesized that individuals with low folate intake would be at an increased risk for bladder cancer. Using an ongoing case-control study we assessed dietary folate in 409 incident bladder cancer patients and 451 healthy control subjects. A food-frequency questionnaire was used to estimate naturally occurring food folate (microg/kcal/day), dietary folate equivalents (DFE) from food sources (microg DFE/kcal/day), and DFE from all sources (microg DFE/kcal/day). Unconditional logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Bladder cancer patients reported a statistically significant lower intake of folate than control subjects for food folate and DFE from food sources (P < 0.001) but not for DFE from all sources (P = 0.061). In the highest quartile of food folate intake there was a 54% reduced risk for bladder cancer (OR = 0.46; 95% CI = 0.29-0.73) after adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, smoking, and total energy intake. Similarly, the highest quartile of intake was associated with a 59% reduced risk for DFE from food sources (OR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.26-0.65) and a 35% reduced risk for DFE from all sources (OR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.42-1.00). In the joint-effects analyses using never smokers with high folate intake as the reference group (OR = 1.0), heavy smokers with low food folate intake had a 2.31-fold (95% CI = 1.11-4.82) increased risk, whereas heavy smokers with high folate intake had a reduced OR of 1.31 (95% CI = 0.53-3.26). Although the ORs were not statistically significant, light smokers and high folate intake exhibited a protective effect (OR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.20-1.94), whereas an increased risk was observed for light smoking and low folate intake (OR = 1.41; 95% CI = 0.57-3.45). These patterns were consistent for the joint effects of smoking and DFE from food sources and DFE from all sources. In summary, high intake of dietary folate was associated with an overall decrease in bladder cancer risk. These data may have important implications for cancer prevention; however, large, hypothesis-driven, population-based clinical trials will be required to confirm these findings.     

Risk factors for laryngeal cancer in Montenegro

Laryngeal cancer is the most common head and neck cancer. There might be many risk factors for laryngeal cancer. Smoking, especially cigarette smoking and alcohol are indisputable risk factors. The authors of this paper assessed the presumed risk factors in order to identify possible aetiological agents of the disease.A hospital-based case-control study was conducted. The study group consisted of 108 histologically verified laryngeal cancer patients and 108 hospital controls matched by sex, age (+/-3 years) and place of residence. Laryngeal cancer patients and controls were interviewed during their hospital stay using a structured questionnaire. According to multiple logistic regression analysis six variables were independently related to laryngeal cancer: hard liquor consumption (Odd Ratio/OR/=2.93, Confidence Interval/CI/95% = 1.17 to 7.31), consumption more than 2 alcoholic drinks per day (OR=4.96, CI 95% = 2.04 to 12.04), cigarette smoking for more than 40 years (OR=4.32, CI 95% = 1.69 to 11.06), smoking more than 30 cigarettes per day (OR=4.24, CI 95% = 1.75 to 10.27), coffee consumption more than 5 cups per day (OR=4.52, CI 95% = 1.01 to 20.12) and carbonated beverage consumption (OR=0.38, CI 95%=0.16 to 0.92). The great majority of laryngeal cancers could be prevented by eliminating tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption.     

承德市胃癌危险因素病例对照研究

[目的]探讨承德地区胃癌发生的危险因素。[方法]选取新发病例118例按性别、年龄、民族等配比条件进行配比病例对照研究。应用logistic回归分析。[结果]胃癌发生与长期吸烟（OR=5.21）、经常食用煎烤食品（OR=3.63）、腌菜食品（OR=4.72）、慢性胃病（OR=4.32）密切相关。[结论]长期吸烟、经常食用腌菜食品、煎烤食品、慢性胃病是本地胃癌的危险因素。