7种树脂基充填材料的颜色性能评价

目的探讨紫外线照射对光固化树脂基充填材料颜色及不透光度的影响。方法采用7种光固化树脂基充填材料（Aelite Flo、Filtek Z350 Flowable、Clearfil AP-X、Dyract AP、Z100、Durafill VS、Filtek Z350 Universal）各制作5个树脂试件。用色度计测量颜色参数L*、a*、b*（CIE 1976 L*a*b*系统）及Y刺激值（CIE 1931 XYZ系统）,然后将7种试件经紫外线照射老化8、16、24 h后再次测量颜色参数及Y刺激值,计算7种试件经紫外线照射后的色差及不透光度。结果紫外线照射后试件均发生了一定程度的颜色变化,色差变化范围从8 h的1.85~3.21到24 h时的2.88~4.55;不透光度出现了一定程度的升高,变化范围从照射前的0.75~0.82到照射24 h后的0.80~0.98。其中,Z100和Filtek Z350 Flowable试件的色差值较大,Filtek Z350 Universal试件的不透光度较大。结论紫外线老化能够引起树脂基充填材料发生颜色改变和不透光度升高,不同产品的颜色稳定性有所差异。     

纳米树脂颜色及透光率的老化因素分析

目的:利用紫外线加速三种纳米树脂材料老化,探讨老化后颜色及透光率的变化.方法:分别采用3M Z350A2、A3色;Shofu BeautifulⅡA2、A3色;Clearfil Majesty A2、A3色纳米树脂各制作3个盘状试件.利用分光光度仪测量初始CIEL*、a*、b*值及透光率t值,然后将各组树脂试件放置于紫外线下照射刺激老化8、16、24h后,测量每个照射时间后的颜色及透光率的数值.结果:各组树脂试件经紫外线老化刺激后均产生了颜色的变化.照射24h色差值达到最大值,3M组色差值最大,Clearfil组色差值最小、在色差值△E＜3以内的临床可以接受范围.各组透光率值变化较小.结论:紫外线老化刺激能够引起纳米树脂颜色改变,但透光率值变化不大.     

10种复合树脂颜色稳定性与吸水溶解性研究

目的 评价10种光固化复合树脂在不同溶液中的颜色稳定性及吸水溶解性能。方法 10种光固化复合树脂分别为：BeautifilⅡ(B2)、Ceram. X One Universal (CXU)、Charisma (CS)、Charisma Diamond (CD)、Denfil (DF)、DX. Universal (DXU)、Filtek Z250 (Z250)、Filtek Z350 XT (Z350)、FS-1 (FS)、Magnafill Putty(MP)。每种树脂材料各制作20个试件,随机分为4组(n=5),分别浸入蒸馏水(对照组)、咖喱、咖啡和红酒28 d,分光光度计测量试件浸入前及浸入后1、7、14、21和28 d的色度值(CIE L^*a^*b^*),计算染色前后色差值。根据ISO 4049:2019标准,每种材料制作3个试件,测量材料的吸水性和溶解性。采用三因素方差分析评估树脂材料、染液、染色时间对染色前后色差值(ΔE)的影响,采用单因素方差分析比较不同材料的吸水值和溶解值变化。结果 随着染色时间增加,所有试...     

紫外线照射老化树脂黏固剂对色度值及相对透明率的影响

目的探讨紫外线照射老化对4种树脂黏固剂颜色及相对透明率参数的影响。方法分别采用Biscem（双固化型）、Choice（光固化型）、PermaCem（化学固化型）和RelyX Aplicap（化学固化型）树脂黏固剂制取树脂试件,每种黏固剂制取5个试件,分别设为A、B、C、D组,按厂家推荐的方法光照或自然固化。在黑暗环境保持24 h后用色度计测量色度值CIE L*、a*、b*,并计算其相对透明率。然后将各组试件分别经紫外线照射老化8、16、24 h后再次测量,分析色度值和相对透明率的变化。结果4组树脂黏固剂试件在紫外线照射后均发生了颜色变化,照射时间越长色差值越大。照射时间相同时,4组试件的色差值不同,B组与D组的色差值较小,C组最大。A、B与D组的相对透明率受紫外线老化的影响较小,C组在紫外线照射后相对透明率发生改变。结论紫外线照射老化能够引起树脂黏固剂发生颜色改变,但是多数产品的相对透明率能够保持相对稳定。     

人工老化对全瓷贴面树脂粘结剂颜色稳定性的影响

目的研究人工老化对全瓷贴面树脂粘结剂颜色的影响。方法用VITABLOCS MARK-Ⅱ制作厚度为1 mm的试件40个,随机分为4组(n=10)。分别采用Superbond C&B化学固化粘结剂、VariolinkⅡ双重固化粘结剂、RelyX Veneer光固化粘结剂和Filtek Z350 Flow流动复合树脂进行粘结,4种粘结剂颜色均为A3。在黑暗环境下保持24 h后用色度计测量色度值。再将各组试件置于紫外光老化实验箱中进行老化后再次测量其色度值,比较4种树脂粘结剂的颜色稳定性。选定ΔE<3为临床可接受范围。结果 Superbond C&B、VariolinkⅡ、RelyX Veneer和Filtek Z350 Flow粘结剂的ΔE分别为2.32±0.21,2.50±0.29,0.68±0.24和0.79±0.20。其中Superbond C&B和VariolinkⅡ的ΔE高于其他组(P<0.05)。Superbond C&B和VariolinkⅡ之间,RelyX Veneer和Filtek Z350 Flow之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 4种树脂粘结剂在人工老化后均出现不同程度的颜色变化,但这种颜色改变程度在临床美学要求范围内。RelyX Veneer和Filtek Z350 Flow树脂具有较好的颜色稳定性。     

紫外线照射老化对渗透树脂处理釉质白垩斑颜色稳定性的影响

目的评价紫外线照射老化对渗透树脂颜色稳定性的影响。方法选取前磨牙60颗,置于人工脱矿液中3d形成早期人工釉质龋,再随机分成3组,分别为对照组、渗透树脂处理组、涂氟处理组,将3组试件置于紫外线下照射老化,分别用色度计测量人工脱矿前、紫外线照射前、紫外线照射8、16、24 h的色度值CIE L*、a*、b*,分析色度值的变化。结果样本处理后,渗透树脂处理组与正常釉质的色差值ΔE*小于3.3,在紫外线照射老化后的8 h颜色发生了变化,16 h后颜色趋于稳定,颜色一直为肉眼无法分辨的色差范围内;对照组及涂氟处理组与正常釉质的色差值ΔE*均大于3.3,涂氟组相对于对照组来说,ΔE*减小,差异有统计学意义,在紫外线照射老化后,两组样本颜色无明显改变。结论渗透树脂能明显改善釉质白垩斑的美观,渗透治疗后的牙齿颜色短期稳定性满意。     

人工老化对不同厚度瓷聚体及不同类型树脂黏固材料颜色稳定性的影响

目的 评价人工老化后不同厚度瓷聚体与不同类型树脂黏固材料联合体的颜色稳定性,为临床合理选择和应用瓷聚体贴面以及粘接剂提供参考。方法 3种厚度（1.00、0.75、0.50 mm）瓷聚体Ceramage分别与光固化树脂水门汀RelyX Veneer、双固化树脂水门汀RelyX Unicem和流动树脂Filtek Z350 Flow共3种类型树脂黏固材料制备瓷聚体-树脂黏固材料联合体样本,共9组（每组5个样本）。所有样本同时放入氙灯老化仪中进行人工加速老化,采用分光光度仪测量老化前后样本的明度（L*）、红绿色品（a*）和蓝黄色品（b*）值,计算老化前后明度变化（ΔL）、红绿色品变化（Δa）、蓝黄色品变化（Δb）和色差（ΔE）。用双因素方差分析探讨瓷聚体厚度和树脂黏固材料类型对老化前后ΔE的影响。结果 瓷聚体厚度及树脂黏固材料类型对联合体老化前后ΔE均有影响,且两者间存在交互作用（P<0.05）。所有组ΔE均小于3.3,老化后L*、 a*、b*值均降低,且ΔL均小于2.0。结论 瓷聚体厚度与树脂黏固材料类型对瓷聚体-树脂黏固材料联合体的颜色稳定性有影响;联合体老化后的明度变化和色差均在临床可接受的范围内。     

多酚对纳米树脂颜色及透光率的影响

目的：探讨多酚对3种纳米树脂颜色及透光率的影响的相关研究。方法：采用3种6色纳米树脂（3M Z350 A2、A3；Shofu BeautifulⅡA2、A3；Clearfil Majesty A2、A3）各制作4个试件。利用爱色丽color i7台式分光光度仪测量初始CIE L*、a*、b*值及透光率T值，接着试件随机浸泡在多酚食物（咖啡、红酒、绿茶、人工唾液）中，测量每周的颜色及透光率的变化值进行统计分析。结果：4周中试件均发生了不同程度的颜色及透光率变化，色差值变化范围：0.26~26.63，红酒色差值最大、人工唾液色差值最小；3M颜色稳定性最好、可乐丽菲露颜色稳定性最差。透光率值整体降低，A3色变化值小于A2色。结论：食物中的多酚类物质使树脂材料颜色及透光率发生改变，树脂修复仍然存在不足，临床选择应该权衡利弊。     

5种复合树脂不同水浴时间的压缩强度体外实验评价

目的　评价5种市场常用的复合树脂固化后经不同水浴时间压缩强度的变化。方法　将5种复合树脂（Nulite F,Filtek Z250,Filtek P60,Beautifil II,Charisma）分别制作24个圆柱体试件并固化,每种复合树脂再分为4组,每组6个样本,其中1组浸泡于37 ℃蒸馏水浴1 h,另外3组分别接受蒸馏水浴1 d、7 d和30 d,测试各组的压缩强度值。测试结果以One-way ANOVA和LSD法统计学检验。结果　水浴1 d后,各品牌复合树脂的压缩强度值均有明显提高。树脂试件经1 h水浴时,Filtek Z250的平均压缩强度最高,Beautifil II其次;1 d和7 d水浴后,Filtek P60 和Filtek Z250的压缩强度最高,Beautifil II居中;30 d水浴后,Filtek Z250的压缩强度最高。结论　Filtek P60和Filtek Z250具有较好的抗压性能,复合树脂充填修复一段时间后压缩强度值才能达到最大。     

8种复合树脂磨耗性能和硬度的研究

目的体外测定8种复合树脂的体积磨损量和硬度,评价其耐磨耗性能。方法选择Durafill VS、Filtek A110、Charisma、Ceram-X、Filtek Z350、FS-2、Filtek P60和Tetric Ceram HB 8种复合树脂,分别制备8mm×6mm×2mm的树脂片,并用自凝树脂包埋,测定表面硬度（维氏）。将试样固定在往复滑动球-片式磨耗试验机上,以萤石粉糊剂作为磨耗介质,磨耗3万次后用三维形貌扫描仪测定复合树脂表面磨痕的体积,统计学分析复合树脂的硬度与其体积磨损量的相关性及各个复合树脂体积间磨损量的差异,SEM观察分析磨损面。结果 8种复合树脂的硬度顺序为：P60≈Z350〉A110≈Tetric HB〉FS-2≈Ceram-X〉Charisma〉Durafill。Z350的磨损量最小（0.68±0.05）mm3,其次是P60（1.11±0.06）mm3,随后是Charisma（1.50±0.17）mm3、Durafill（1.64±0.49）mm3、FS-2（1.75±0.32）mm3及A110（1.84±0.37）mm3,Ceram-X（2.09±0.36）mm3和Tetric HB（2.56±0.48）mm3的磨损量较大。所测复合树脂的硬度与其体积磨损量之间无相关性（r=-0.55）。结论复合树脂的耐磨耗性能与其硬度无关,而与不同材料品牌关系密切。     

Shear strength evaluation of composite-composite resin associations

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the shear strength between distinct associations of different commercial composite resins and their fracture modes. METHODS: Nine composite-composite associations (n=90) were prepared for shear strength evaluation and separated into the following groups: Z/Z (Filtek Z250 UD+Filtek Z250 A2); Z/D (Filtek Z250 UD+Durafill VS A2); Z/S (Filtek Z250 UD+Filtek Supreme YT); C/C (Charisma OA2+Charisma A2); C/D (Charisma OA2+Durafill VS A2); C/S (Charisma OA2+Filtek Supreme YT); H/H (Herculite XRV B2D+Herculite XRV B2E); H/D (Herculite XRV B2D+Durafill VS A2); H/S (Herculite XRV B2D+Filtek Supreme YT). Shear tests were carried out using universal mechanical test equipment with a load of 200kgf and speed of 0.5mm/min. Ultimate shear strength data (MPa) from all tested groups were submitted to analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) and the Tukey test. The fractured surfaces of the test samples were visually evaluated by binocular stereomicroscope at 20 times magnification. Fractures were classified as either adhesive or cohesive or mixed. RESULTS: The highest ultimate shear strength observed for composite-composite associations was found for the groups: Z/Z, C/S, H/H, H/S, Z/S and C/C. Those associations containing the Durafill resin were weaker than the others. CONCLUSION: Microparticle RBC associations presented lower shear strength than hybrid and/or nanoparticle RBC associations, once the only significant difference was found when the Durafill resin was involved.     

Colour stability of tooth-coloured restorative materials

The colour stability of the surface and in-depth (2 mm) layer of two resin composites, a laboratory second-generation resin composite and a compomer were evaluated after 24 and 360 hours of water aging under dark and UV light conditions. The influence of various polymerization techniques on color changes was also evaluated. Color differences (deltaE*) showed higher color changes under UV light exposure than under dark storage, both at 24- and 360-hour evaluations. Color changes were statistically higher at the 360-hour assessment, in both conditions of maintenance. Compomer was the least color stable of the materials tested. Additional polymerization significantly decreased the colour change of both composite resins.     

Effect of storage media upon the surface micromorphology of resin-based restorative materials

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different storage media upon the surface micromorphology of resin-based restoratives. One resin-modified glass-ionomer (Fuji II LC Improved), one polyacid-modified composite resin (Dyract AP), one microfilled composite resin (Durafill VS), and one hybrid composite resin (Filtek Z250) were tested. For each material, 45 standardized cylindrical specimens were randomly made. After 24 h, samples were finished and polished, and their surface roughness measured to obtain Ra (micro m) baseline values (Bv). Fifteen specimens of each material were then stored at 37 +/- 1 degrees C, for 24 h, either in distilled deionized water or in artificial saliva, or else subjected to a pH-cycling regimen. At the end of 10 days of storage, final readings (Fv) of surface roughness were obtained. The Analysis of Covariance (alpha=0.05), considering the covariate Bv showed a significant interaction between restorative materials and storage media (P value=0.0000). Multiple comparison Tukey's test revealed that the surface roughness of resin-based restoratives subjected to a pH-cycling model was significantly higher compared with both distilled deionized water and artificial saliva. Micromorphological changes were noticed in a situation of acid challenge.     

Effect of thermal cycling and filling technique on leakage of composite resin restorations

The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect on leakage of two incremental filling techniques and two composite resins with different elastic modulus and similar polymerization shrinkage. Eighty Class V cavities (4x4x2mm) were prepared in bovine incisors and were randomly restored with Z-250 (Z) or Durafill VS (D) + Single Bond in axial (a) or oblique (o) increments. The restorations were divided into two groups: Not Aged - N (4-hour-storage in water at 37oC) and Aged - A (1-week storage in water at 37oC + 1000 x - 5o-55oC / 1-min dwell time). The specimens were covered with 2 coats of nail varnish so that only the restoration margins were exposed to silver nitrate 50% (2h) and developed under fluorescent light (8h). After they were sectioned twice in buccal-lingual direction, the four exposed surfaces were digitized (Vidcap) and the silver nitrate penetration was measured (ImageLab) at the incisal and gingival walls. Data were analyzed by a 3-way ANOVA (Resin, Filling Technique and Aging) separately for incisal and gingival walls (alpha=0.05). Resin and Aging were statistically significant either for the incisal and the gingival walls. The microfill composite resin infiltrated more than the hybrid composite. The thermal cycling caused an overall increase in silver nitrate penetration. The filling technique affected leakage depending on the composite resin and aging regimen.     

POSS纳米填料对复合树脂与牙本质粘接强度的影响

目的：评价自制POSS纳米填料复合树脂经冷热循环后粘接强度的变化,为新型树脂的研发和应用提供参考依据。方法：160颗人类离体前磨牙随机分为5组,牙体近中面牙本质预备后选用Prime＆BondNT粘接剂分别粘接5种复合树脂（自制POSS纳米复合树脂、未添加POSS填料复合树脂、FiltekTMZ250、FiltekTMZ350、DU-RAFILLVS）。80个试件经10000次冷热循环后,万能材料试验机测试所有试件粘接强度。结果：冷热循环前后粘接强度测试结果分别为：POSS纳米树脂组（27.84±2.19,27.01±2.19）MPa,无POSS填料树脂组（26.73±3.37,20.28±3.30）MPa,FiltekTMZ250（27.56±1.95,26.77±2.74）MPa,FiltekTMZ350（27.68±2.28,24.47±3.04）MPa,DURAFILL○RVS（27.40±1.83,21.49±2.92）MPa。冷热循环前五组树脂粘接强度差异无显著性,经冷热循环各组材料粘接强度差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论：5种复合树脂牙本质粘接强度差异显著,添入POSS纳米树脂组冷热循环前后粘接强度均优于未添入组,其耐温度老化性能优于部分临床常用复合树脂。