探讨双b值对比法在肝脏局灶性病变诊断中的作用

目的：探讨双b值对比法在肝脏局灶性病变诊断中的价值.方法：回顾性分析108例行肝脏MRI平扫及动态增强扫描患者的病例（肝癌44例.转移瘤4例,血管瘤40例,囊肿18例,局灶性结节增生2例）,分为良恶性两组（恶性组48例,A组;良性组60例,B组）.均行b值为500和800 s/mm2的DWI扫描,测量肝脏病变的信号强度值,计算相对信号比R500、R800（R=病灶信号/背景信号）,观察不同b值时病变的信号变化情况△R（△R=R800-R500）.采用X2检验分析采用△R值诊断良恶性病变与病理结果的一致性.结果：△R≥0.25有42例（PA组）,△R〈0.25（PB组）有66例,其中PA中有4个为良性病变（均为血管瘤）,PB中有10个为恶性病变（2个转移瘤,8个肝癌）,差异无统计学意义（X2=1.786,P〉0.05）.结论：双b值对比法在肝脏局灶性病变的定性诊断中具有可行性.     

DWI技术在肝脏占位性病变鉴别诊断中的价值

目的:探讨不同b值时表现扩散系数(ADC)值、指数化表现扩散系数(eADC)值、灌注ADC值和eADC值在肝脏常见占位性病变鉴别诊断中的价值。方法:对73例肝脏恶性肿瘤及40例良性占位性病变行磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI),并计算低、中和高b值时病灶的ADC值和eADC值及灌注ADC和eADC值。分析不同b值时各测量参数在不同病变之间的差异。结果:低、中b值时,在血管瘤与其他病变之间,局灶性结节增生(FNH)与转移瘤、肝脓肿之间,肝细胞癌(HCC)与肝脓肿之间,ADC和eADC值差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。当高b值时,在血管瘤与HCC、肝内胆管细胞癌(CCC)及FNH之间,FNH与转移瘤、CCC、肝脓肿之间,肝脓肿与CCC之间,及转移瘤与HCC、CCC之间,ADC值和eADC值差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在血管瘤与其他病变之间,FNH与转移瘤、肝脓肿、CCC之间,肝脓肿与HCC之间灌注ADC和eADC值差异也具有统计学意义(P<0.05),灌注eADC值在HCC和CCC之间差异也具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:灌注ADC和eADC值,恶性肿瘤采用高b值、良性病变采用低中b值得到ADC和eADC值有助于肝脏占位性病变的鉴别诊断。     

Discrimination of benign from malignant hepatic lesions based on their T2-relaxation times calculated from moderately T2-weighted turbo SE sequence

The differentiation of hemangioma from other hepatic neoplasms using MRI usually relies on the evaluation of heavily T2-weighted images. The aim of this study was to assess the value of T2-relaxation times calculated from moderately T2-weighted turbo spin-echo (TSE) sequence in characterization of focal hepatic lesions, including hepatic malignancies, focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), hemangioma, and cyst. Fifty-two patients with 114 proven lesions (61 malignant masses, 6 focal nodular hyperplasias, 28 hemangiomas, 19 cystic lesions) were examined on 1.5-T system using a double-echo TSE sequence (TR=1800 ms; TE(eff) 1=40 ms; TE(eff) 2=120 ms). Signal intensities (SI) of the liver as well as SI of all lesions were measured, and then the T2-relaxation times were calculated. The mean T2 time for the liver was 54 ms (+/-8 ms), for FNH 66 ms (+/-7 ms), for malignant hepatic lesions 85 ms (+/-17 ms), for hemangiomas 155 ms (+/-35 ms), and for cystic lesions 583 ms (+/-369) ms. Most malignant hepatic lesions were best differentiated between the thresholds of 67 and 116 ms, generating a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 94%. There were six false-negative diagnoses of malignant tumor and three false-positive cases (two hemangiomas and one FNH). Calculation of the T2-relaxation times obtained from the double-echo TSE sequence with moderate T2-weighting allowed differentiation between malignant and benign hepatic lesions with high sensitivity and specificity.     

Hepatic cavernous hemangioma: magnetic resonance imaging. Work in progress

Using a 0.35-T superconducting magnet and spin echo imaging, we prospectively evaluated 11 patients who had proved hepatic cavernous hemangioma. Magnetic resonance (MR) identified more lesions than either contrast-enhanced CT, or ultrasonography. The MR appearance was consistent; hemangiomas were homogeneous and generally isointense at short TR and TE intervals but were hyperintense at long TR intervals and greatly hyperintense at long TR and long TE intervals. However, the MR appearance of hemangioma was not specific; 2/14 other focal hepatic masses had similar features. The calculated relaxation times (T1, T2) were not useful in lesion characterization, although the intensity ratio of hemangioma to normal liver at the TR = 2.0 sec TE = 56 msec pulse sequence was useful in diagnosis since hemangiomas always had a ratio greater than 1.4.     

Dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts associated with benign liver lesions: an unusual finding

In three patients presenting different types of liver lesions, including isolated cyst, focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), and hemangioma, intrahepatic bile duct dilatation was observed on US and CT. Final diagnosis was obtained by surgery in two cases (cyst and FNH) and by 1-year follow-up in one patient presenting an isolated hemangioma. The only common characteristic in our three cases was that lesions were present in segment four according to Couinaud's classification, at the level of the transverse fissure, suggesting that a space-occupying lesion at this site may cause compression of the common hepatic duct and right or left intrahepatic bile ducts. Our report indicates that compression may occur even with lesion of moderate size (35–40 mm in diameter). A benign liver lesion may cause a bile duct dilatation, particularly if located in segment 4, close to the hilum. Awareness of this possibility is important to avoid unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures, particularly when all imaging criteria are consistent with a benign lesion. Electronic Publication     

肝局灶性结节增生及肝血管瘤的超声鉴别诊断

目的:研究二维及三维超声在肝局灶性结节增生(FNH)及肝血管瘤(HCH)鉴别诊断中的作用.方法:选择经手术病理证实、肝组织病理活检或增强CT/MRI证实肝内病变57例共72个病灶:其中肝局灶性结节增生13例13个病灶,肝血管瘤44例59个病灶,行二维及三维超声检查.分别记录灰阶图像特点、彩色多普勒特点及PSV、RI、VI.结果:典型的FNH及HCH二维图像有特征性的改变,血流速度FNH组高于HCH组,三维超声的血流指数FNH组高于HCH组.结论:三维超声可以定量研究病变的血流指数,FNH及HCH的血流指数特点在协助二维及彩色多普勒超声鉴别诊断方面有一定的作用,二维和三维相结合可以更好地鉴别诊断FNH及HCH.     

Differential diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia with quantitative parametric analysis in contrast-enhanced sonography

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the potential of quantitative parametric analysis in the differential diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) from other hypervascularized liver focal lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-five focal liver lesions (in 83 patients) were explored using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (SonoVue and Cadence Contrast Pulse Sequencing) consisting of typical FNH (n=52), hepatocellular carcinoma (n=11), hemangioma with high flow (n=8), hypervascular metastases (n=10), and hepatocellular adenoma (n=4). QontraXt software (AMID, Italy) was used here to estimate the following parameters: maximum peak value, Tr (time corresponding to time for obtaining 63% of the plateau), beta parameter corresponding to the exponential factor, and slope corresponding to the tangent value of the first phase of enhancement. These parameters were obtained from the time-intensity curves derived from the enhancement observed in 2 regions of interest corresponding, respectively, to the whole lesion and the central region only. RESULTS: A significant statistical difference (P<0.05) was found in the values of Tr, beta, and slope between FNH and other hypervascularized lesions on both the whole lesion and central region. Among these parameters, slope appeared as the most valuable whatever the region of interest, ie, central or whole lesion (P<0.01). Central region was more accurate in the differentiation of FNH and concordant with visual characterization. CONCLUSION: Quantitative parametric curve analysis of the different hypervascularized lesions confirms the depiction of the central artery in FNH and thus could help in differentiating this specific focal liver lesion from the others.     

MSCT和MRI对肝脏局灶性结节增生的诊断价值

目的：探讨肝脏局灶性结节增生（FNH）CT和MRI表现及其诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析11例FNH患者的影像学表现。所有患者均行16层螺旋CT及MRI平扫和动态增强扫描检查。结果：CT平扫显示病灶均呈稍低密度灶,1例在脂肪肝背景下呈相对高密度。增强扫描动脉期示病灶均呈明显均匀强化,2例可见扭曲扩张的供血动脉,8例病灶中央可见瘢痕区无明显强化;门静脉期及延时期示病灶稍高于、等于或低于周围肝实质,中心瘢痕灶延时期强化。MRI检查示病变呈等信号或稍低T1信号及稍高T2信号,增强扫描动脉期示病灶明显强化,门脉期和延时期呈稍高信号或等信号,11例显示病灶中央疤痕呈延迟强化。1例行MRS检查提示Cho峰明显升高。4例行DWI检查,病灶呈等信号或稍高信号,ADC图上呈等信号或稍低信号。结论：MRI较CT能更全面地显示FNH的病理特征,DWI和MRS检查有重要辅助诊断价值。     

CT and MR imaging of benign hepatic and biliary tumors.

Benign hepatic and biliary tumors can present a difficult diagnostic challenge. Spiral computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are useful in the detection and characterization of these tumors. Imaging characteristics of lesions such as hepatic cyst, hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), and hepatic adenoma are well known. Hepatic cysts demonstrate water attenuation at CT, are isointense relative to water at MR imaging, and do not enhance after intravenous administration of contrast material. Hemangiomas demonstrate characteristic nodular peripheral enhancement on early-phase images with subsequent fill-in centrally at both modalities. FNH classically demonstrates intense early enhancement with washout on delayed images. Although hepatic adenoma can also demonstrate intense early enhancement, it has a tendency to bleed and thus often appears more heterogeneous than FNH due to hemorrhage. Benign hepatic tumors that are less well described in the imaging literature include hepatic lipoma or angiomyolipoma, infantile hemangioendothelioma, and mesenchymal hamartoma. Hepatic lipoma has fat attenuation at CT, is isointense relative to fat at MR imaging, and does not enhance after intravenous administration of contrast material. Hepatic angiomyolipomas contain a variable amount of soft tissue in addition to fat and may therefore demonstrate enhancement at both modalities. The CT and MR imaging appearances of infantile hemangioma are similar to those of adult hemangioma. Infantile hemangioendothelioma occurs in infants under 6 months of age and is typically a larger lesion. Mesenchymal hamartoma also occurs in children, and its imaging appearance depends on the presence of stromal elements and the protein content of the cyst fluid. Familiarity with these imaging features can help distinguish particular disease entities.     

Computed tomography of benign hepatic tumors

Computed tomography (CT) was performed on five patients with focal benign liver lesions: two cases of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and three cases of hepatic adenoma (HA). All five patients had low density lesions seen best on noncontrast scans. Focal nodular hyperplasia often presents as an asymptomatic, well circumscribed lesion with a central, stellate, fibrous scar. Hepatic adenoma, which is associated with the use of oral contraceptives, is a smooth bordered mass that exhibited foci of hemorrhage in two of our three cases. Both of these benign liver lesions enhance to a variable degree of following intravenous contrast medium administration. It is concluded that a specific diagnosis of FNH or HA may be suggested when appropriate CT findings are detected.     

肝脏局灶结节性增生的CT特征

目的探讨肝脏局灶结节性增生(Focalnodularhyperplasia,FNH)这种较少见的肝细胞良性占位性病变的CT特征。材料和方法自1990年至1999年期间我院CT室诊为肝脏占位病变的900余例中,将有手术切除标本并经病理证实的肝脏FNH8例的临床及CT片逐例进行分析和归纳,重点讨论其鉴别要点。结果8例均为单发病灶。发生在肝左叶3例,肝右叶5例。其病灶大小在5cm以下者4例;5cm以上者4例(其中10cm以上者2例)。7例为类圆形,1例不规则形。平扫时7例为低密度,1例为等密度(有脂肪肝影响)。均行增强扫描,2例动脉期有显著增强,5例门静脉期扫描仍有显著增强,8例延迟3分钟后扫描为等密度。7例病灶内均可见裂隙或小片状密度减低影。1例为均匀密度影。结论利用CT扫描,尤其是多时相螺旋CT扫描,可以对肝脏局灶结节性增生(FNH)进行明确的术前诊断。     

Sonographic evaluation of focal nodular hyperplasias (FNH) of the liver with a transpulmonary galactose-based contrast agent (Levovist)

Focal nodular hyperplasias (FNH) are hypervascular, benign focal liver lesions. Differentiation of FNH from other focal liver lesions is of clinical importance. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a new, transpulmonary echo-enhancing agent SHU 508A (Levovist) and recent Doppler techniques in the sonographic evaluation of FNH. 43 patients with 61 focal nodular hyperplasias of the liver were examined with grey scale ultrasound and power Doppler ultrasound. Levovist, a galactose-air-microbubble suspension was administered intravenously in all patients, either by bolus injection (400 mg ml-1) or continuous pump-infusion (300 mg ml-1). Visualization of the feeding vessels and vascularity of the lesions were evaluated. The resistance indexes (RI) in the feeding vessel and the hepatic artery were assessed and compared with the diameters of the FNH. The mean diameter of FNH was 4.3 cm (+/- 1.0). Echo enhanced power Doppler ultrasound was superior to unenhanced power Doppler ultrasound in the detection of the feeding artery (85% vs. 98%) in FNH and depicted the internal vascular architecture more clearly, especially in lesions located in the left lobe of the liver. Lesions smaller than 3 cm did not show a characteristic vascular architecture with echo enhanced Doppler ultrasound. The resistance index of the feeding artery (mean: 0.51 +/- 0.08) is significantly (p < 0.0001) lower than that of the hepatic artery (mean 0.65 +/- 0.06) with a mean difference of -0.14 +/- 0.01 in the same patient. The RI of the feeding artery significantly decreased as the size of the FNH increased, whereas RI differences between the hepatic artery and the feeding artery increased with lesion size. Intravenous (i.v.) bolus injection of the contrast agent will depict the hypervascular nature of FNH more clearly than i.v. infusion, although the latter will significantly prolong the diagnostic window. In conclusion, i.v. infusion of Levovist improves the visualization of the feeding artery and the radiating vascular architecture in FNH located in the left lobe of the liver due to improved signal-to-noise ratio and results in more effective suppression of motion artefacts. Although echo enhanced Doppler ultrasound improves the detection of the low resistance arterial feeding vessel in small FNH, it will not, however, reveal a specific vascular pattern in these lesions.     

Late results after resection of benign hepatic tumors: clinical and radiological findings

The purpose of our work was to provide data on the recurrence of resected benign hepatic lesions and to evaluate the value of follow-up examinations in this group of patients. From August to October 1993, 75 patients who had been admitted for liver surgery for benign tumors between 1975 and 1993 were controlled by physical examinations, serological tests, US, and, in the case of equivocal US findings, by CT. The histological diagnoses of the operative specimen included hydatidosis in 43 patients, focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) in 12 patients, liver cell adenoma in 8 patients, cavernous hemangioma in 8 patients, and congenital cyst in 4 patients. Hepatic scars were observed in 36 of the 75 patients. Four cases of intrahepatic recurrence and 1 case of intraperitoneal spread were observed in the 42 patients with recent hydatosis. Long-term postoperative controls (specific serological tests, US) are necessary in the management of patients with hydatid disease. Follow-up examinations are not indicated in asymptomatic patients who have been operated on for FNH, hemangioma, or congenital cysts. Received 8 November 1995; Revision received 27 March 1996; Accepted 2 July 1996     

超顺磁性氧化铁在肝脏局灶性病变中的定性研究

目的 探讨超顺磁性氧化铁（SPIO）增强MRI在肝脏局灶性病变的定性能力。材料与方法 43例怀疑肝占位者经常规MRI和Gd-DTPA增强后1－7后,行SPIO增强检查。其中31例经手术病理证实,12例经随访、实验室生化检查及临床资料证实。分析平扫MRI及SPIO增强后病灶的信号变化,并与Gd-DTPA动态增强结果相对照。结果 43例共12种病变、单发病灶21例,多病灶22例。包括原发性肝细胞肝癌22例,血管瘤5例,囊肿4例,转移性肝癌5例,肝硬化结节4例,局灶性结节增生（FNH）5例,其他病变6例。22例多发病灶中有8例合并1或2种病变。SPIO增强后,肝细胞肝癌T1WI为等或略高信号,T2WI为较高信号;血管瘤T1WI为较高信号,T2WI信号同平扫为高信号;囊肿T1WI、T2WI信号无改变;肝硬化结节T2WI为等信号同正常肝实质;FNH T2WI信号明显下降。其余病变的诊断SPIO增强不具有特征性,须与Gd-DTPA动态增强相结合。结论 SPIO具有一定的定性能力Gd-DTPA增强相结合,可帮助提高肝局灶性病变诊断和鉴别诊断的准确性。     

Telangiectatic focal nodular hyperplasia: US,CT, and MR imaging findings with histopathologic correlation in 13 cases

PURPOSE: To review the ultrasonographic (US), computed tomographic (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in 13 patients with telangiectatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and to compare imaging features with histopathologic results from resected specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: US, helical multiphasic CT, and MR images in 13 patients with pathologically proven telangiectatic FNH were reviewed retrospectively. Two abdominal radiologists evaluated lesions for number, size, heterogeneity, surface characteristics, presence of a central scar, presence of a pseudocapsule, US appearance, attenuation at CT, signal intensity at MR imaging, and presence of associated lesions. Imaging and pathologic findings were compared. RESULTS: Sixty-one lesions (5-140 mm in diameter) were seen at imaging. Lesions were multiple in eight of 13 (62%) patients. Imaging characteristics were heterogeneity in 26 of 61 lesions (43%), well-defined margins in 43 of 61 (70%), lack of a central scar in 56 of 61 (92%), presence of a pseudocapsule in three of 61 (5%), hyperintensity on T1-weighted MR images in 17 of 32 (53%), strong hyperintensity on T2-weighted MR images in 24 of 54 (44%), and persistent enhancement on delayed contrast material-enhanced CT or T1-weighted MR images in 23 of 38 (61%). No specific US pattern was noted. Two patients had additional lesions: One had classic FNH, and the other had a cavernous hemangioma. Hyperintensity on T1-weighted MR images was due to sinusoidal dilatation. Hyperintensity on T2-weighted MR images correlated well with the presence of inflammation. CONCLUSION: Telangiectatic FNH differs from typical FNH at imaging: Atypical FNH features often observed with telangiectatic FNH are lack of a central scar, lesion heterogeneity, hyperintensity on T1-weighted MR images, strong hyperintensity on T2-weighted MR images, and persistent contrast enhancement on delayed contrast-enhanced CT or T1-weighted MR images.     

DWI结合LAVA技术在肝脏占位性病变中的应用价值

目的：探讨联合运用DWI和LAVA技术在肝脏占位性病变的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的60例肝脏占位性病变（小肝癌30例、肝血管瘤15例、肝囊肿15例）的MRI图像。扫描序列为常规自旋回波序列（T2WI、T1WI）、LAVA多期增强序列及DWI检查（b值分别为0和800 s/mm^2）。比较小肝癌、肝血管瘤、肝囊肿的ADC值是否有差异;对比分析LAVA多期增强序列（A组）、T1WI、T2WI和DWI（B组）及这2种方法联合应用（C组）在病变检出和定性诊断方面的价值。结果：在病变检出方面：A组检出67个病灶,B组检出67个,C组检出67个,A组与C组比较,对病变的检出率无差异。在结节的定性诊断方面：在取得临床或病理证实的67个病灶中,A组诊断正确57个（85.1%）,C组为65个（97%）,2组间差异有显著性意义（χ2=5.858,P〈0.05）;肝囊肿、肝血管瘤、小肝细胞癌的ADC值分别为（3.341±0.299）×10-3mm^2/s、（2.154±0.308）×10-3mm^2/s、（1.132±0.241）×10-3mm^2/s。结论：DWI结合LAVA技术对肝脏小病灶的定性诊断具有重要的临床应用价值。     

Hepatocellular tumors with high signal on T1-weighted MR images: chemical shift MR imaging and histologic correlation.

We reviewed conventional and chemical shift MR images and histologic findings of seven proven primary hepatic masses that had higher signal than liver on T1-weighted images to determine if this necessarily indicates fat and if the presence of fat indicates malignancy. These seven masses included five hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), one focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), and one fatty dysplastic nodule. An eighth solitary high signal mass without histologic proof had evidence of abundant fat on each of two chemical shift MR images 25 months apart. Only one of the five HCCs had chemical shift or histologic evidence of fat, while the FNH and dysplastic nodule each had both chemical shift and histologic confirmation of fat. The dysplastic nodule became more dysplastic and grew significantly within 14 months, but remained benign. The unproven fatty lesion decreased in size over 25 months and is therefore presumably benign. Although no statistical inferences can be drawn from this small correlative study, we have shown that HCC may have higher signal intensity than liver on T1-weighted images, whether or not it contains fat. Chemical shift techniques can confirm the presence of intratumoral fat and thus indicate a mass of hepatocellular origin, but the mass may be benign or malignant.     

肝局灶性结节增生的螺旋CT征象分析

目的:探讨肝局灶性结节增生(FNH)的螺旋CT征象。方法:回顾分析经病理或临床证实的16例FNH患者19个病灶的螺旋CT征象。结果:16例患者中14例为孤立病灶,2例多发;16个病灶密度较均,呈等密度或稍低密度;7个病灶直径≤3cm,12个病灶直径>3cm;8个病灶显示周边假包膜;10个病灶显示中央瘢痕及纤维分隔,其中有8个病灶直径>3cm;所有病灶在动脉期均呈显著高密度,其中16个病灶肿瘤实质均匀强化;5例病灶于动脉期显示周边异常增粗的血管。结论:绝大多数FNH呈孤立界清无包膜的稍低密度或等密度实质性肿块,动脉期明显强化,门脉期、延迟期显示中央瘢痕和假包膜,部分病灶于动脉期显示异常增粗的血管;多发病灶、动脉期不均强化、无中央疤痕显示及假包膜为不典型的CT征象。     

MRI characteristics in focal hepatic disease before and after administration of MnDPDP: discriminant analysis as a diagnostic tool

The aim of this study was to determine if different types of focal hepatic lesions can be differentiated by specific quantitative and qualitative imaging characteristics pre- and post-Mangafodipir trisodium (MnDPDP) administration using a computerized multivariable, discriminant analysis (DA). In a multicenter trial, 151 patients with focal liver disease were studied at 1.5 and 1.0 T using gradient-recalled echo T1 and fast spin-echo T2-weighted images pre and post MnDPDP (0.005 mmol/kg b.w.) i.v. administration. Analysis could be performed in 141 of 151 of the patients. The variables used in both single variable analysis and DA included contrast-to-noise ratios pre and post MnDPDP, presence of rim enhancement, margin, and heterogeneity of a lesion pre and post MnDPDP. The classification of diagnoses using DA was compared with a standard of reference (HCC in 23%, metastases in 25%, cyst in 13%, FNH in 10%, hemangioma in 11%, and other or no lesion in 18% of the patients; histology in 49%, long-term follow-up in 51% of the cases). In the differentiation of the various hepatic lesions, CNR together with the presence of heterogeneity or rim enhancement as variables for DA gave the highest sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy which ranged between 65 and 93, 44 and 83, and 65 and 86%, respectively. The DA models based on post-MnDPDP variables showed better classification results than the models based on pre-MnDPDP variables. An improvement of accuracy was observed when differentiating HCC from FNH lesion groups (48.9-67.4%; p < or = 0.05), and when differentiating HCC from metastasis lesion groups (68.3-84.1%; p < or = 0.01). In all regards there was no difference for T2-weighted images pre and post MnDPDP. By combining quantitative and qualitative variables, DA proved to be a useful tool in lesion discrimination. Due to considerable heterogeneity within some of the lesion type groups, the definite diagnostic impact of MnDPDP cannot be completely established yet, and further investigation is still necessary.     

钆塞酸二钠增强MRI肝胆期高信号病变影像表现与特征分析

目的 探讨钆塞酸二钠（Gd-EOB-DTPA）增强MRI肝胆期高信号病变的影像学特征并进行分型。方法 回顾性纳入经手术病理或典型影像表现及临床随访证实为肝脏局灶性病变的病人124例,平均年龄（55.1±15.8）岁。分析肝脏局灶性病变124个,包括肝细胞癌（HCC）52个、胆管细胞癌（ICC）7个、混合型肝细胞癌-胆管癌（cHCC-CC）4个、转移瘤（HM）6个、局灶性结节增生（FNH）及FNH样变42个、肝腺瘤（HCA）2个、异型增生结节（DN）5个、肝海绵状血管瘤（CHL）6个。所有病人均行肝脏Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI检查,观察分析肝胆期高信号病变特征并对其进行分型。同一病变中不同分型间占比的比较采用Fisher确切概率检验。计算肝胆期病灶-肝脏信号强度比（LLR）,不同病变间LLR的比较采用Kruskal-Wallis检验。结果 HCC、ICC、HM、FNH/FNH样变和DN病变中不同分型间占比的差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。HCC病灶中28个可见包膜（53.85%）,各分型中Ⅱb型最多（23/52,44.23%）;ICC病灶中Ⅱa型和Ⅲ型最多（均为3/7,...