罗格列酮对单纯性肥胖伴高血压、高三酰甘油血症、高胰岛素血症的临床研究

目的:观察罗格列酮对单纯性肥胖伴高血压、高三酰甘油血症、高胰岛素血症而糖耐量正常患者的影响。方法:将43例单纯性肥胖伴高血压、高三酰甘油血症、高胰岛素血症而糖耐量正常的患者分成罗格列酮治疗组和降压、降脂药治疗组,治疗12周,观察治疗前后两组患者血压、血脂、体重指数(BMI)及空腹胰岛素水平的变化。结果:罗格列酮对伴胰岛素抵抗的高血压、高三酰甘油血症患者,具有明显的降压、降脂作用,患者的体重指数、空腹胰岛素水平明显下降;而降压药、降脂药治疗组虽然血压、三酰甘油有明显下降,但BMI和空腹胰岛素水平无显著变化。结论:罗格列酮可增加伴胰岛素抵抗的高血压、高三酰甘油血症患者的胰岛素敏感性,可作为这类患者的辅助治疗药物。     

老年男性高尿酸血症与代谢综合征各组分的相关性分析

目的探讨老年男性高尿酸血症与代谢综合征各组分的相关性。方法选择1 024例老年男性体检干部,分成高尿酸血症组和正常尿酸血症组,测定两组体重指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）、收缩和舒张压（SBP、DBP）、血糖（FBG、PBG）、三酰甘油（TG）、胆固醇（CHO）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、空腹血清胰岛素（FINS）、血肌酐（Cr）、血尿酸（UA）。结果与老年男性正常尿酸血症组相比,老年男性高尿酸血症组的BMI、DBP、PBG、TG、FINS、HOMA-IR明显升高,代谢综合征、糖尿病、肥胖、高三酰甘油血症和胰岛素抵抗的患病比例明显增高;同时,高尿酸血症的患病比例随着代谢紊乱的加重呈明显增高趋势。Logistic回归分析显示PBG、DBP、TG、FINS、HOMA-IR是老年男性高尿酸血症的危险因素。结论代谢综合征及其各组分与老年男性高尿酸血症密切相关。     

中老年人糖尿病与体质指数、腰臀比关系的研究

目的　了解社区中老年人2型糖尿病(T2DM)与超重及肥胖的关系。方法　采用整群随机抽样的方法抽取696名35岁以上社区居民,开展问卷调查并进行体格检查及血糖检查。结果　中老年人群按体重指数(BMI)分组,男、女性超重和肥胖者分别占总人群的32.9%和33.2%,按腰臀比(WHR)分组,男、女性中枢性肥胖者分别占各自人群的40.8%和44.0%,男、女性肥胖发生率的差异无显著性。按BMI分组,肥胖人群空腹血糖(FPG)、口服葡萄糖2 h血糖(2hPG)分别为(6.33±2.01) mmol/L和(9.43±5.77) mmol/L;按WHR分组,中枢性肥胖人群FPG、2hPG分别为(6.04±2.15) mmol/L和(8.56±5.63) mmol/L,肥胖人群血糖平均水平显著高于正常体重人群(P<0.01)。社区中老年人群BMI、WHR正常时,T2DM发生率分别为15.88%和13.78%;BMI、WHR处于超重和肥胖时,T2DM发生率分别为26.09%和26.60%。超重和肥胖人群患T2DM的相对危险性是体重正常人群的1.87 倍。T2DM患者中,女性肥胖发生率高于男性。人群FPG、2hPG平均水平在35~44 岁年龄组最低,FPG为(5.23±1.37) mmol/L,2hPG为(5.89±3.75) mmol/L;以后逐步增高,FPG水平在65~74岁达到最高,为(6.24±2.02) mmol/L,75 岁后降低;2hPG水平在75 岁后达高峰,为(9.33±6.15) mmol/L。各BMI组间胰岛素敏感指数(IAI)、胰岛素     

成年人代谢综合征及相关因素的调查研究

目的：观察临沂市成年人代谢综合征(MS)的发生率及相关因素。方法：采取多级抽样法抽取50岁以上的临沂城镇居民1885人，分别检测空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(Fins)、血清总胆固醇(TCH)、甘油三脂(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、高密度胆固醇亚组分(HDL2-C、HDL3-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(VLDL-C)；结果：BMI≥25kg／m^2组MS的发生率为20．9％；BMI＜25kg／m^2组为5．6％两组有显著性差异(P＜0．01)。结论：超重与肥胖组的MS发生率明显高于正常体重组。超重与肥胖组血清FBG、Fins、TCH、TG、LDL-C、VLDL-C显著增高；BMI与TCH、TG、LDL-C、VLDL-C呈显著正相关。     

不同体重指数多囊卵巢综合征患者临床指标的对比分析

目的:比较不同体重指数(BMI)多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者临床指标的差异。方法:选择105例PCOS患者,根据BMI分为肥胖组(BMI≥25 kg/m2)、非肥胖组(BMI<25 kg/m2),分别测定临床体征、内分泌激素和生化指标,并做相关统计学分析。结果:肥胖组腰围(WC)、腰臀比(WHR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹血糖(FBG)、口服葡萄糖耐量试验2 h血糖(PBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、HOMA胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)及睾酮(T)均显著高于非肥胖组,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)显著低于非肥胖组。肥胖组的高血压、血脂紊乱、糖耐量异常(IGT)及2型糖尿病(T2DM)患病率显著高于非肥胖组。结论:肥胖PCOS患者较非肥胖PCOS患者合并更严重的代谢紊乱,需尽早采取综合干预措施。     

不同体重指数新诊断2型糖尿病患者胰岛素分泌和胰岛素抵抗状况调查

目的 研究中国新诊断超重肥胖及非肥胖2型糖尿病患者胰岛素分泌功能(IS)、胰岛素抵抗状况(IR)的差别及降血糖药物干预对其影响,为临床治疗提供依据.方法 对408例新诊断2型糖尿病患者和40例糖耐量正常人测量身高、体重;行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTF)测定0、30、60、120 min血糖、胰岛素.糖尿病患者按空腹血糖(FBG)水平(DMI:FBG<6.9 mmol/L;DM2:6.9 mmol/L≤FBG<8.3 mmol/L;DM3;8.3 mmol/L≤FBG<9.7 mmol/L;DM4:FBG≥9.7 mmol/L)分为4组,每组内以体重指数(BMI)为界分为两个亚组(BMI<24、≥24),比较两亚组IR和IS.93例FBG>8.3 mmol/L者应用格列齐特(达美康)缓释片进行干预治疗1～3个月,血糖达标后重复OGTF并计算干预后的IR及IS,比较治疗前后的变化.结果 (1)BMI≥24亚组与正常组相比,存在高真胰岛素血症;(2)在每一组糖尿病患者中,BMI≥24亚组的胰岛素敏感性更差,但是IS都优于相应的BMI<24亚组;(3)降血糖药物干预后BMI<24组胰岛素敏感性变化优于BMI≥24组(-4.7±0.9比-5.5 4±1.4,P<0.05),而干预后IS的变化(△I30/△G30)BMI≥24组优于BMI<24组(1.37±0.16比0.50±0.19,P<0.05).结论 新诊断2型糖尿病患者的胰岛素抵抗及胰岛素分泌功能随FBG升高而恶化,这种双重恶化的程度在血糖水平相似的超重肥胖及非肥胖患者明显不同;改善高糖毒性可使超重肥胖者胰岛素分泌功能显著恢复,而非肥胖患者胰岛素敏感性恢复更优.     

腹型肥胖与血压、血糖、胰岛素及血脂关系的研究

目的：探讨腹型肥胖与血压,血糖,胰岛素,血脂的关系。方法：将730例被调查者根据体重指数（BMI）及腰臂比（WHR）分为3组,腹型肥胖组（A组）：280例,男性BMI≥,WHR≥0.9;女性BMI≥24,WHR≥0．8,非腹型肥胖组（B组）,42例,男性BMI≥25,WHR＜0．9,女性BMI≥24,WHR＜0．8。非肥胖组（C组）：408例,男性BMI＜25,女性BMI＜24,分析3组的血压,血糖,胰岛素,血脂的差异及与BMI,WHR的相关性。结果：血压,血糖,胰岛素,胆固醇,甘油三酯A组均明显高于C组,差异有显著性（P＜0．05）,A组与B组除空腹胰岛素外,余各项指标差异无显著性（P＞0．05）,B组与C组比较,各项指标差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。WHR,BMI与血压,血脂,血糖,胰岛素呈低度正相关,WHR与血压,血糖,胆固醇,甘油三酯的相关性大于BMI,与胰岛素,高密度脂蛋白的相关性小于BMI,结论：腹型肥胖比非腹型肥胖具有较高的心脑血管疾病的危险因素,腹部脂肪分布较BMI增加与血压,血糖,血脂增高关系较为密切。≥≥≥≥     

白细胞计数和心血管病危险因素的关系

目的 探讨白细胞计数和心血管病危险因素的关系.方法 检测血中白细胞、中性粒细胞及单核细胞计数,分别与血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triglycerides,TG)、低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein,LDL)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein-C,HDL-C)及空腹血糖、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、年龄、吸烟、饮酒、高血压史、糖尿病史等心血管病危险因素进行单因素分析,并按照常见的6个心血管病危险因素(高血压、吸烟、肥胖、高血糖、LDL≥4.1 mmol/L、HDL-C＜1.04 mmol/L)的多少进行方差分析.结果 具有高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、饮酒、LDL≥4.1 mmol/L、HDL-C＜1.04 mmol/L、TG≥2.26 mmol/L、TC≥6.3mmol/L、BMI≥25,空腹血糖≥7 mmol/L、高龄(男性≥45岁,女性≥55岁)者的白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、单核细胞计数均明显增高.随着心血管病危险因素的增多,白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、单核细胞计数均不断的增高.结论 白细胞计数与心血管病危险因素密切相关.     

从代谢综合征人群的临床特点理解防治心血管疾病多重危险因素的目标值

目的探讨中国高血糖高危人群代谢综合征（MS）的特点,理解防治心血管疾病（CVD）多重危险因素的目标值。方法以1994年全国糖尿病患病率调查时标准餐2h后指尖血糖≥6．7mmol／L并具有完整口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）资料的15564例中国成人作为研究对象,采用1999年世界卫生组织MS诊断标准,对MS患病率及MS人群单组分的分布特点进行分析。结果该人群的MS患病率为64．4％。其中糖调节受损组的MS患病率为68．9％,新诊糖尿病组的MS患病率达77．3％。在MS各构成组分中,高血糖最常见,发生率为44．0％。在诊断为MS的患者中,MS单组分中位数值分别为：体重指数（BMI）24．9kg／m^2,血压135／85mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa）,空腹血糖5．8mmol／L,糖耐量后2h血糖7．3mmol／L,三酰甘油3．3mmol／L。结论初筛餐后2h指尖血糖≥6.7mmol／L的人群是MS发病的高危人群;为防治MS患者心血管事件的发生,应将BMI、血压、血糖及三酰甘油至少控制在中位数值以下。     

肥胖伴高脂血症患者血清食欲素A的变化及与其胰岛素抵抗相关性研究

目的观察肥胖合并高脂血症患者血清食欲素A水平的变化及其与胰岛素抵抗的相关性。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验法测定96例肥胖合并高脂血症患者血清食欲素A(orexin A)水平,并测定其体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),分析血清食欲素A水平与胰岛素抵抗间的关系,另设78例健康体检者作为对照。结果与对照组比较,观察组患者肥胖指数[BMI(29.45±1.86)比(21.95±2.03)]、WHR[(0.93±0.09)比(0.61±0.10)]、血脂指标[TG(2.77±1.04)mmol/L比(1.07±0.15)mmol/L;TC(7.11±0.39)mmol/L比(4.28±0.16)mmol/L;LDL-C(4.38±1.09)mmol/L比(2.93±1.21)mmol/L]及HOMA-IR指数[(7.83±1.25)比(2.71±0.65)]明显升高(P0.01,P0.05),血脂HDL-C、血清orexin A水平则明显降低(P0.05)。相关性分析表明:orexin A与BMI、WHR、TG、TC、LDL-C、HOMA-IR均呈明显负相关(r分别为-0.632、-0.648、-0.834、-0.756、-0.706、-0.547;P0.01);与HDL-C呈明显正相关(r=0.818,P0.01)。结论肥胖合并高脂血症患者存在明显的胰岛素抵抗,Orexin-A可能通过调控胰岛素抵抗参与肥胖及脂代谢紊乱的发生发展。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.